10 years later, his thoughts and life experienced fierce turmoil (Napoleon proclaimed himself emperor, several lovelorns, etc. ). By 18 19, he was completely deaf. With tenacious perseverance, he wrote the third to eighth symphonies, the fourth and fifth piano concertos and other works, reflecting the turmoil and conflict.
In his later years, his life was still full of misfortune, illness and economic difficulties, but he still wrote masterpieces such as Solemn Mass and Ninth Symphony.
Beethoven is a master who spans two centuries and connects classical music with romantic music. Its creation is firmly rooted in the classical tradition, with a sense of musical logic, structural unity and grand musical spirit. Due to social changes and the requirements of their own talents, classical music has been greatly developed and changed, becoming the source of romantic music.
The creative style of Beethoven's music has roughly gone through three stages: (1) early [Bonn period; The influences of Bach, Haydn and Mozart can be seen in his works. And accumulated a lot of material for future creation. (2) the middle period [Vienna period; 1793- 1808] The sonatas and orchestral music created at this time greatly enhanced the drama of the works, fully developed and improved the structure and function of the classical sonata style, indicating that Beethoven's creation was fully mature and had a unique personality. (3) Late Vienna; 1809- 1827] The music style has changed obviously. The scale of the work is reduced, the theme is singing, and the lyricism is enhanced. It presents a romantic musical style.
Beethoven's main works are: 9 symphonies, 3 overtures, 5 piano concertos, 1 violin concerto, 19 string quartets, 4 string quintets, 8 piano trio, 10 violin sonatas, 4 cello sonatas, 32 piano sonatas, 20 piano variations, 20 piano sonatas. In addition, there are operas, oratorios, oratorios, mass, songs and so on.
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770- 1827) is a great German composer and one of the representatives of the Viennese classical school. Beethoven 1770 12 16 was born in Bonn, a small town near France on the Rhine. His grandfather is the music director of the Bonn Court Orchestra, and his father is the court tenor. Beethoven showed his musical genius in his early years. His father is eager to train him to be a genius like Mozart. He was forced to learn piano and violin in his early years. At the age of eight, he began to perform in concerts and tried to compose music. However, his music education in this period has been very chaotic and unsystematic.
At the age of twelve, he was able to play freely and worked as an assistant to organist Nie Fei (1748- 1798). At this time, he began to formally learn music from Nie Fei. Nie Fei is a versatile musician. He broadened Beethoven's artistic horizons, familiarized him with some excellent examples of German classical art, and consolidated Beethoven's understanding of lofty goals. Beethoven's formal study and systematic upbringing actually began with Nie Fei's careful teaching and training: Nie Fei also led him to teach Mozart in Vienna from 65438 to 0787. After listening to his performance, Mozart predicted that Beethoven would shake the world one day. Beethoven received the news of his mother's death shortly after he arrived in Vienna, and he had to go back to Bonn at once. Due to the drag of his family, he didn't come to Vienna for the second time until his father died in the autumn of 1792, but Mozart was already dead. After Beethoven came to Vienna for the second time, he quickly won the title of the most outstanding performer in Vienna (especially improvisation). After that, he studied under Haydn, Schenk, Ablisberg and salieri. He contacted many famous professors, writers and musicians at that time through his association with Bonn intellectual Brenin, and was influenced by the trend of thought of "hurricane movement" from them. His democratic thought was mature a few years before the French Revolution, but it developed rapidly in the revolutionary era.
1789 The thought of French bourgeois revolution and progress inspired him a lot and laid the curtain for his humanistic world. -I firmly believe in human equality, pursue justice and individual freedom, and hate the oppression of feudal autocracy. Although the three famous composers of Vienna Classical Music School lived in similar times, Beethoven's thoughts obviously did not belong to the same "era" as Haydn and Mozart. Haydn was humiliated all his life. Although he is occasionally provoked, he always leaves his fate to chance. At that time, progressive literary thoughts and revolutionary emotions rarely excited him, and his music was always insulated from struggle. Mozart suffered no less mental pain than Haydn. He dared to resist, preferring poverty to endure the insult of the archbishop. But in his music, from behind the joy full of sunshine and youthful vitality, we can often feel a trace of pain, melancholy and sadness. Only Beethoven, who not only angrily opposed the autocratic feudal system, but also called on people to fight for freedom and happiness with his music. Beethoven's creations in Bonn (1782- 1792) are mostly small piano pieces, duets and songs. It can be said that he was still in the preparatory stage of creation during this period. During his first ten years in Vienna (1792- 1802), his famous works were Sorrow, Moonlight, Croce Sonata, Piano Concerto No.3 and so on. However, during this period, he had a further understanding of social and political issues, and he could also achieve the goal he tried to explore. 1802- 18 12 years, his creation entered a mature period, which later became his "heroic era".
The mature process of Beethoven's creative activities seems to be quite slow on the surface, but in fact it is very smooth. He didn't write his first symphony until he was thirty, but Mozart had written about forty symphonies at this age.
Beethoven began to feel his hearing was getting weaker and weaker from 1796, but it was not until 180 1 that he was convinced that his ear disease was incurable and told his friends about it. However, his love for art and life overcame his personal pain and despair-suffering became the source of his creative power. At the peak of such a spiritual crisis, he began to write his optimistic hero symphony. The Heroic Symphony marks the turning point of Beethoven's spirit and the beginning of the heroic era.
In the later period of Beethoven's stay in Vienna, because Europe was experiencing a serious period of political reaction, that is, the period when metternich's reactionary rule was particularly rampant, his creation also experienced a temporary decline (1813-1817). From 18 18, in the last ten years of Beethoven's life (18 18- 1827), he still wrote the ninth symphony (chorus) with great perseverance, even though he was completely deaf, his health deteriorated, his life was poor and his spirit was poor.
Beethoven died in Vienna on March 26th, 1827. He died without a relative by his side, but when he was buried on the 29th of the same month, a mass wave formed. All schools were closed to express their condolences, and 20,000 people escorted his coffin. His tombstone is engraved with the inscription of the Austrian poet Greer Bache (179 1- 1872): "When you stand on his coffin, we can only tell people like him that he has achieved great things. Beethoven is one of the great composers in the world art history. His creation embodies his giant character and reflects the progressive thought of that era. His image of revolutionary heroism can be used as "through suffering-towards joy; Win through struggle. " His works are magnificent, simple and distinctive, rich in music content and easy to be understood and accepted by the audience. Beethoven's music embodies the pain and joy of people in his time. Struggle and victory, so it always inspired people in the past, inspiring people's fighting spirit, and even now it makes people feel cordial and inspiring.
Moonlight Song, formerly known as Piano Sonata in C minor, was written in 180 1, which is close to the maturity of Beethoven's creation. This piano piece is called Moonlight Music because the German poet Ludwig Lairstadberg said, "After listening to the first movement of this piece, I think of Lake Lucerne in Switzerland and the bright moonlight rippling on the lake." Later, according to this passage, the publisher added the title of "Song of the Moonlight", and all kinds of legends about composers improvising in the moonlight became popular. In fact, it was not the bright moonlight that touched Beethoven's creation, but the painful mood of Beethoven and Juliet Chichadi after their first love failed. Juliet is the earl's daughter, and they really love each other. Forced to break up because of family estrangement. After suffering this heavy blow, Beethoven poured all the inner pain and strong indignation caused by the feudal hierarchy into this passionate piano music.
Beethoven wrote this piece of music in 180 1 year, when he was in love with Julia Fata Gitchadi (1784- 1856), and this piece of music was dedicated to her. On 1 1 month 16 this year, Beethoven mentioned her when he wrote to Wegele, saying, "She loves me and I love her." But by the beginning of 1802, she had fallen in love with Count Andrew Hallenborg and married him in 1803. Romain rolland linked this song with Beethoven's lovelorn love, saying, "Fantasy didn't last long, and the pain and indignation in sonata has surpassed love." Roland interprets the first movement as melancholy, whining and crying. Russian musician Ole Biyishev (1794- 1858) thinks that the first movement is "deep sorrow" of lovelorn, just like "hanging fire". However, 180 1 was the time when Beethoven and Guichar Di fell in love. It may not be true to say that this work is about the pain of lovelorn love. Perhaps Stasov (1824- 1906), a Russian art critic, is more reasonable in explaining this work. Recalling listening to Liszt's performance in Petersburg, he thought the sonata was a complete tragedy. The first movement was a state of mind full of tenderness and sometimes dark premonition. He had a similar impression when listening to anton rubinstein's performance: "... from a distance, as if from the depths of an invisible soul, a silent voice suddenly rose. Some voices are melancholy and full of infinite sadness; There are also meditative, with endless memories and gloomy omens ... "The sonata in C minor is particularly famous for its title and the legend of" Moonlight ",and another legend is composed like this:
One autumn, Beethoven traveled and performed everywhere and came to a small town on the Rhine. One night, he was walking along a quiet path and heard the intermittent piano sound coming from a small room, playing his music. Beethoven approached the hut, the piano suddenly stopped and someone was talking in the room. A girl said,' How difficult this song is to play! I've only heard others play it several times, but I don't remember how to play it. "If only I could hear how Beethoven played himself!" A man said,' Yes, but tickets for the concert are too expensive, and we are too poor.' The girl quickly said,' Don't be sad, brother, I'm just saying.' Hearing this, Beethoven gently pushed open the door and came in. Candles were lit in the hut, and men were making leather shoes in the dim candlelight. There is an old piano in front of the window, and a girl of sixteen or seventeen is sitting in front of it. Her face is handsome, but she is blind. The shoemaker saw a stranger come in, stood up and asked, "Who are you looking for, sir?" Wrong door, right? Beethoven said,' No, I'm here to play a tune for this girl. The girl quickly stood up and offered her seat. Beethoven sat in front of the piano and played the tune that the blind girl had just played. The blind girl was so absorbed in listening that when the music ended, she said excitedly, "How well you play! How deep the feelings are! You, you must be Mr Beethoven, right? Beethoven didn't answer. He asked the blind girl, "Do you like it?" Let me play another song for you. A gust of wind blew out the candle. The moonlight shone through the window, and everything in the hut seemed to be covered with silver gauze. Beethoven looked at the poor brothers and sisters standing beside him and pressed the keys in the quiet moonlight. The shoemaker listened quietly. He seems to face the sea, and the moon rises from where the water meets the sky. On the surface of the microwave, the silver light was scattered all over the floor for a while. The moon rose higher and higher, passing through a wisp of gauze-like Wei Yun. Suddenly, there was a strong wind at sea, which rolled up huge waves. The waves sparkled in the moonlight and rushed to the shore one by one ... The shoemaker looked at his sister, whose eyes were wide open as the moonlight shone on her quiet face. She seemed to see something she had never seen before, the rough sea in the moonlight. Brother and sister were intoxicated by the wonderful piano sound. When they woke up, Beethoven had left the hut. He flew back to the inn and spent the whole night recording Moonlight Music, which he had just improvised. "