1644, Dashun Army led by Li Zicheng captured Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen committed suicide in Jingshan. Wu Sangui, the Ming general stationed in Shanhaiguan, was cleared. Dourgen commanded the Eight Banners, led by Wu Sangui, and entered the customs all the way, defeating Dashun Army and occupying Beijing. In the same year, the emperor shunzhi moved to Beijing to pay homage to the ancestors of heaven and earth, claiming that he was the monarch of all China.
Later, the Qing court ordered to stop some barbaric policies and implemented the policy of rewarding cultivation and reducing taxes. And officially opened a collection of scholars, worshiping the emperor and the loyal ministers of the Ming Dynasty.
After the Qing Dynasty made Beijing its capital, it wiped out the peasant army in the south. At the same time, the Ming dynasty's heritage in the south gradually established the royal family and established political power, which was called Nanming in history. In addition, there are Li Zicheng's Dashun regime and Zhang's Daxi regime.
After Li Zicheng's death, the rest of Dashun Army joined forces with He Tengjiao, Governor of Nanming Huguang, and Governor of Hubei to fight against Qing Dynasty. 1647, the Qing army was defeated in Quanzhou, and almost recovered the whole territory of Hunan in the following year. Jin Shenghuan in Jiangxi and Li Chengdong in Guangzhou. Anyway, the first climax of the anti-Qing struggle appeared. However, the Li Yong regime could not unite against the enemy, which gave the Qing army a breathing space.
From 1649 to 1650, He Tengjiao and Qu Shizhen died successively. 1652, Li Dingguo led 80,000 troops out of Guangxi and down to Guilin. It also invaded Hunan and Guangdong. "The two great kings shook the world." Liu Wenxiu also attacked Sichuan and recovered southern Sichuan. Zhang Huangyan and other anti-Qing troops along the southeast coast also launched attacks, and the anti-Qing struggle reached its climax again.
At this time, the conflict between Sun Kewang and Li Dingguo broke out, which destroyed the good situation. After Sun Kewang voted for the Qing Dynasty, the actual situation of Yungui was known to the Qing army. Due to the powerful anti-Qing forces in South China, the Qing emperor conferred titles on Wu Sangui, Geng Zhongming and Shang Kexi to guard Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong and Fujian, which were called San Francisco in history. 1658, Wu Sangui led the Qing army into Yunnan. 1662, Li Yong was killed and Nanming was completely destroyed.
After Li Zicheng entered Beijing, in order to disintegrate the remnants of the Ming army, he repeatedly sent envoys to surrender to Wu Sangui, the company commander of the Ming Shanhaiguan, but failed. On April 21st, the first year of Shunzhi (1644), Li Zicheng and Wu Sangui fought a stone battle.
War to April 22nd, Wu Jun gradually tired. Wu Sangui fell to Regent Dourgen of the Qing Dynasty, and the two armies jointly defeated Li Zicheng. Commander Liu Zongmin was injured and was ordered to retreat. On April 26th, Li Zicheng fled to Beijing, with only 30,000 people. On April 29th, Li Zicheng proclaimed himself emperor in Beijing, killing 34 Wu Sangui family members. The next day, I fled to Xi 'an and retreated from Shanxi and Henan.
Before he left, he burned down the Forbidden City and some buildings in Beijing. In July, I crossed the Yellow River and lost to Xi 'an. Soon, he gave up Xi 'an, passed Lantian and Shangzhou, and arrived at Wuguan. As Hong Guang established the imperial court in Nanming, Dashun troops retreated, and many former Ming generals who surrendered to Dashun returned to Nanming or Qing Dynasty, Li Zicheng became more and more suspicious, and finally killed Yan Li and others, causing people's hearts to be divided.
In October of the first year of Shunzhi (the first year of Dashun Yongshun, 1644), the Qing army captured Taiyuan, and then divided its troops south to the southeast of Shanxi. Liu Zhong, commander of Changzhi of Dashun Army, could not resist the enemy and was forced to lead his troops to Henan.
At this point, only the southwest corner of Shanxi was controlled by Dashun Army, and Li Zicheng's Shanxi defense line basically collapsed. /kloc-in late October, the Qing army attacked Shaanxi in two ways. A route led by King Azig of England, Wu Sangui and Shangkexi marched from Datong to Yulin, and then from northern Shaanxi south to xi 'an.
Prince Yu Duo Duo, Kong Youde and Geng Yin attacked Tongguan all the way from Huaiqing, Henan. When Li Zicheng heard the news, he was not busy leading the troops to reinforce Tongguan. In December, the Qing army attacked Tongguan, and Dashun army took the lead. Liu Zongmin fought first.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Qing Dynasty