Haller University, founded in 1694, is the first newly-built university. One of the characteristics of the new university is to actively absorb the latest philosophical and scientific research results and exclude religious dogma. Therefore, the bold selection of scholars who advocate rationality, are good at thinking and have adventurous spirit has injected new vitality into the university and laid the foundation for high-level scientific research and teaching in the university. Another feature of Haller University is that it advocates "freedom of teaching" and "freedom of learning". The school has also initiated the atmosphere of teaching in national languages in higher education and attached importance to modern foreign languages. University of G? ttingen, founded in 1737, attaches great importance to scientific research, has a rich collection of books and various research institutes. New methods such as discussion and experimental observation are often used in class.
/kloc-In the 9th century, the University of Berlin founded by Humboldt in 18 10 had the greatest influence on the development of German higher education. The University of Berlin was established when the country lost its independence and the economy was very difficult.
As for universities, Humboldt believes that the state can't let universities only serve its own immediate interests, and treat universities as higher classical Chinese schools or classical colleges. Instead, we should consider the long-term interests and let universities continuously improve their academic research, thus creating broader prospects for national development. Humboldt founded the University of Berlin under the guidance of this idea, aiming to make it the center of science and art in Germany. The University of Berlin has adopted a new concept of running a school: firstly, the University of Berlin has complete autonomy. Professors and students enjoy the freedom of research and study. Secondly, hire professors with profound academic attainments and superb teaching skills. Third, attach importance to academic research and cultivate students' research ability.
The rudiments of modern universities such as Haller University and G? ttingen University attach importance to scientific research, which is also one of the important characteristics of Berlin University. The freedom of teaching and learning, which Berlin University attaches great importance to, has been clearly reflected in the embryonic form of modern universities. In terms of teachers, both modern universities and Berlin universities attach importance to high-level teachers; In the cultivation of students, everyone attaches importance to the cultivation of students' own learning ability and research ability.
From the above analysis of the embryonic form of modern universities that appeared from the end of17th century to the first half of18th century and the Berlin University established in19th century, it can be clearly seen that the embryonic form of modern universities that appeared from the end of17th century to the first half of18th century, including Haller University and University of G? ttingen, is/kloc-.