A group of people, dressed in gray overalls and holding shovels and brushes in Luoyang, surrounded a piece of land and stared at the ground silently, even afraid to breathe.
There was a man squatting on the ground, and he was carefully observing the clod raised in his hand. This clod, unlike the soil scattered around the cultivated land, is pinched by hand. This clod is hard and not loose. He said, "It seems that we have found it. There is something below, dig down! " Following the command, everyone started to act with excitement and long-awaited mood.
The person who gave the order is the leader of this group, Mr. Tian, who is a qualified archaeologist.
This team is not ordinary either. They are all archaeologists from the local archaeological research institute. The formation of this team, is to serve the above command, to find the Qin tomb near here.
Think about this rectified, a group of people carrying tools around several mountains near Yongcheng countless times. I just haven't trampled all the leaves of these mountains, let alone the ancient tombs of the Qin Dynasty, but any earthen bag around here will be trampled flat.
Seeing the end of the year, this year's task is empty. Archaeologists are depressed, and it is estimated that they will be busy for nothing today.
Just when everyone was at a loss, a gossip came. The villagers in the village came to Mr. Tian and revealed: "There is a wasteland near our village, which is very strange. Maybe there is something. " Tian teacher disagreed, poured a cup of hot water and sat down to continue listening.
It turns out that this wasteland is very strange, surrounded by plains, and every family in this village can grow food and grass. It happened that this piece of soil was hard and difficult to dig. Even if the weather is favorable in recent years, it is difficult to have a good harvest when the grain is finally planted in the ground.
Don't cultivators farm just for a good harvest? This place can't produce food, so it's natural to leave it desolate.
Hearing this, Mr. Tian thought, since your land is not good, you have to find an expert in agriculture, but I can't help you here. But listen again, here comes the mystery.
It turned out that one day after the land was abandoned for a long time, some villagers were preparing to repair the yard and needed to repair the courtyard wall, so they thought about getting some soil on the wasteland. I went early in the morning with my picture frame tools, and then I came back despondently.
It turned out that the soil was too hard and the tool curled up without digging a few times. The soil finally dug out is not easy to use, so I simply don't dig. This is not mysterious. What is more mysterious is that the soil dug by this tool is different from this one.
There is still a faint blood red in the yellow soil. Now, when Mr. Tian heard this, he couldn't sit still. The soil is hard and colored. Maybe there's something underground.
He soon took people to the wasteland as the villagers said. So there was a scene that everyone was ready to dig at the beginning.
In retrospect, Mr. Tian came to the field to see for himself and found that the soil was not the farmland soil of ordinary crops but a solid grave soil.
With the deepening of excavation, layers of tomb soil were dug down quickly, and the excavated soil began to become as the villagers said, and the color of the tomb soil began to turn blood red, which looked really mysterious. The more people look at it, the more strange it is, and the more excited Mr. Tian is.
According to his years of archaeological research experience, this kind of soil is not only the tomb soil, but also the tomb soil used in unusual ancient tombs.
This kind of soil has a name, which is called "five flowers rammed soil" in academic circles. What is five flowers rammed earth? Here, under the popular science, people mix and stir raw soil with white gypsum mud and charcoal ash in the tomb to make artificial cooked soil with different colors. Then manually tamp the artificially cooked soil layer by layer.
After several times of compaction, the soil becomes very hard. This method of tomb soil is extremely complicated and requires a lot of manpower and material resources. At that time, this kind of tomb soil was needed to gather so many people. There are indications that the owner of this tomb is not simple, and the archaeological team may encounter major projects this time.
As expected; With the completion of the measurement of the estimated range of tomb soil, everyone was surprised. This big project is really a bit big. According to the survey results, this ancient tomb, no, should be called an underground city at the moment. Its overall building body is in the shape of a "middle", and the estimated area alone is nearly 5000 square meters!
What kind of concept is this?
It is conceivable that Mawangdui No.1 Tomb, one of the large-scale ancient tomb buildings discovered so far in China, covers an area of only 340 square meters, which is only one-fifteenth of the present tomb.
Compared with the tomb of the sea faint with deep pockets, the tomb of the sea faint is only over 400 square meters, which is 13 times larger than the tomb of the sea faint! At this moment, our seasickness is just a comparison between the local tyrants in the village and the richest man in the town. Therefore, this is really an "ancient underground city".
Just looking at the floor space, it is so big that people panic at once. I quickly buried myself in other materials: this ancient underground city is composed of a rectangular tomb as a whole, and there are inclined tombs on both sides of the main tomb to connect the main tomb.
The measurement of the whole tomb length shows that it is nearly 300 meters, the corridor of the eastern tomb is about 156 meters, and the western tomb is about 85 meters long. Looking down, the whole tomb, the owner of the tomb also built three floors, the whole is in the shape of an inverted "pyramid", and there is a two-storey platform more than ten meters away. The total depth is 24 meters.
This should be placed now, which is the height of eight or nine floors. This "underground city" directly relies on its domineering momentum, and once it appears, it will dominate the top of the list of ancient vertical tombs in China. It is observed that the "pillar" was built in the pre-Qin period. Therefore, people named it "Qin Cemetery".
When we found such a huge "number one brother" and everyone threw themselves into further excavation with unspeakable excitement, they began to feel uncomfortable. Sure enough, the most worrying thing still appeared.
Burglary is found in tombs and pyramid-shaped tombs. According to detailed statistics, a * * * has more than 240 places, and "Big Brother" deserves to be called "Big Brother". In the unknown years, it experienced nearly 300 visits by grave robbers, but still left nearly 3000 funerary objects for the archaeological team.
Among them, the most precious is the inscription stone unearthed in the tomb of the Qing Dynasty.
Why is it the most precious? Because this is the earliest stone Qing found and recorded in the history of China. There are 180 characters on the stone chime, and the carved font is called "Wen Shu", which looks like "Shi Guwen". People infer the identity of the owner of the tomb of this building according to the contents of the text, and at the same time, the hidden stories behind these funerary objects are also revealed one by one.
As mentioned above, people know the owner of the tomb through the "ID card" engraved on the stone plate. He was Qin Jinggong, the monarch of Qin State in the pre-Qin period.
According to the records, he was a monarch of Qin in the pre-Qin period. During his reign, he was belligerent and extravagant. He fought several wars with the state of Jin. Once, his younger brother was afraid that his suspicion would kill him, so he had a car full of gold, silver and jewels and fled to the State of Jin. Even his own brother is so afraid of him, which reflects the cruelty of Qin Jinggong.
This statement was supported by the shocking way of his martyrdom in the tomb-human sacrifice.
In ancient history, people with high status attached great importance to what was buried behind them. Most people use gold, silver, livestock and so on. In Qin Jinggong, besides treasures of gold and silver, bronze vessels and livestock, the most terrible thing is to sacrifice the living.
The terrible thing about this kind of martyrdom is that ordinary people and these living people are killed by various means as animals in the cemetery and buried with him.
When Mr. Tian and all the people present saw the mountains of bones on the other side of the tomb, it was like walking into a hell on earth.
On the platform on the second floor, you can clearly see that in the tomb on the third floor, the first floor is full of the bones of these victims who are regarded as animals. There is more than 180! Even now, people still can't imagine the pictures of bodies everywhere.
Some bones are broken, others are tied, and they should be tied and executed on the spot. And some hand bones, leg bones, limbs fractures, skull separation, and some even bones are not fully developed. ...
It's hard to imagine this hell on earth at that time. Because of the martyrdom of tyrants, a group of helpless prisoners of war, whose sons are they? Whose father? Whose husband? In this land, they were tied up with limbs and forced to kneel on the ground and cut off their heads. Or they tried to escape, but their limbs were broken and they died alive, or they were tied up here and buried alive. Finally buried here, the bones are trapped in the graveyard of this foreign tyrant for life. These warriors who fought for their country and home were eventually sacrificed to animals by foreigners.
In addition to being regarded as human prisoners of war bones, 72 large and thick coffins arranged neatly around the main coffin also appeared in the line of sight with people's arrangement. This is called "box martyrdom".
These 72 coffins are thick and spacious, and the people lying inside are all Qin Jinggong's beloved concubines and his close ministers. Because of his high status, he enjoys a relatively thick and spacious coffin.
They are also concubines or ministers. Because they didn't get love before Qin Jinggong died, they couldn't escape the fate of being martyred in the state funeral. Because he was not favored, he was put into a narrow-bottomed coffin prepared in advance. This is called "box martyrdom" in the way of martyrdom. In the box martyrdom, there will even be some naked bodies wrapped in broken straw mats.
According to statistics, there are a huge number of such martyrdom coffin boxes, with nearly 100 pairs. They were placed behind the box-type martyrdom coffin, much like when the class rules were very strict.
According to the analysis of the later research report, they are all bodies with peaceful faces, and there are no traces of struggle and collision. It seems that they are obedient and buried, but things are not as simple as they think.
Finally, a large amount of mercury was detected in the hair. Obviously, this is because they were drunk or poisoned with deadly poison when they were alive. They died of poisoning before they could struggle.
Are they willing to die? Do you want to resist? We don't know now. The only thing I know is that whether it's a box martyr or a box martyr, their bones must be placed according to the rules even after death. They are just like the surrounding gold and silver jewelry, jewelry, and those prisoners of war who were killed, just a foil for Qin Jinggong's martyrdom after his death.
The ultimate destination of a luxurious monarch
After burying the tomb in front, people finally found the main tomb of Qin Jinggong. Inside the main tomb, people found the "Huang Chang Ming", the top burial tool with the earliest history and the highest level in ancient times.
The record of "Huang Shang's mistake" can only be traced back to the Han Dynasty at the earliest. According to the records left by the Han Dynasty, in the ritual system of the Han Dynasty, the yellow intestines, the purple palace, the toilet, the Tibetan coffins and the jade clothes were the highest burial methods only belonging to the emperor, the royal family and the extremely favorite ministers.
To some extent, it is a symbol of the emperor's supreme rule and status class. From pre-Qin to Western Han Dynasty, especially the Western Han Dynasty. This is the highest ceremony of those in power.
And Qin Jinggong was just a vassal monarch, so he arranged the etiquette for his tomb. Thus, during the reign of Qin Jinggong, the state of Qin was indeed rich in money. At the same time, I also saw that Qin Jinggong was a wild and arrogant master.
Qin Jinggong's life is belligerent and cruel, and he likes luxury. The huge and magnificent funerary objects built in the whole Qin tomb have attracted thieves many times.
When the main coffin was opened, only one femur was found, and the complete skeleton was destroyed and displaced by the hands of thieves. Maybe Qin Jinggong never thought of this when he was buried. Even if a grand underground city was built, it was buried with generous burial methods and lofty ceremonies. After all, the problem of yellow intestines can't escape the Luoyang shovel of the golden captains.
Qin Jinggong is a huge underground city, the largest ancient tomb discovered and excavated in China so far, and it takes the most manpower and time to investigate and excavate.
Because it is the first Qin cemetery discovered in Yongcheng, archaeologists call it "Qin Gong No.1 Tomb". It will make great contributions to the future archaeologists' study of the life and culture of Qin people in the pre-Qin period, and become an important basis for people to study and textual research on the history of pre-Qin.