This paper analyzes the phenomenon that there is no debate in the debate planning in recent years, which violates the logical identity, and probes into the debate.
Gains and losses of planning.
Keywords: a pair of contradictory propositions; * * * Recognize the key points; The focus of contradiction; false statement
In recent years, debating contest is a good form to cultivate teenagers' dialectical thinking ability and improve their oral expression ability.
This kind of live debate is that the initiator or organizer of the debate contest plans a debate topic before the competition, and the two sides of the competition divide the topic.
Together with your opponent, find arguments and skills around the debate, start the debate, and the jury will judge the outcome. Since this is a debate.
Debate must contain a pair of contradictory propositions, and both sides should demonstrate and refute around the focus of contradiction. active
The debate on rules must include truth and falsehood in fact, approval and opposition in attitude, good and bad in nature, and social behavior.
In order to evaluate what should and should not be, cognition is positive and negative factors such as right and wrong. Both sides of the debate should focus on contradictions.
Proposition, clearly put forward your own views, demonstrate the correctness of your own views, and refute the mistakes of the other side's views. If you argue,
If the topic does not contain a pair of contradictory propositions, there will be a phenomenon of arguing without arguing.
The phenomenon of "discussing" instead of "arguing" refers to what seems to be a war of words in words. You come and go, and the war of words is actually
There is no opposition between language contents, which actually does not belong to the scope of debate. For example, 1993 was held in Singapore in August.
The debate topic of "Human nature is good and human nature is evil" in China International College Students Debate Competition seems to be a contradictory topic, with both pros and cons.
Fang cited many examples of people doing good and bad things in the world, trying to prove his point. In fact, they are all listed.
People live in society, are educated and influenced by the day after tomorrow, and don't talk about human nature. In this debate,
The "good" and "evil" in the title are a pair of concepts in the moral category, which are people's evaluation of social behavior in social groups.
. The fetus is just born and has no independent social life ability, so there is no independent social behavior.
Of course, he cannot be evaluated by social groups, and there is no distinction between "good" and "evil" at all; When the fetus grows into an adult,
When he has independent social behavior ability, he has been influenced by acquired education and society, and so has his social behavior.
Not completely dominated by his nature. Therefore, the verbal confrontation between the two sides of the debate is not on "humanity"
The focus of "good" and "evil" confronts. The debate between the two sides changed the subject, and there was a phenomenon of "discussion" instead of "argument"
Elephants can't be called real debates. That is, if someone commits a crime in society, it is inferred that human nature is evil; By society
When someone does good, it is inferred that human nature is good, which is a logical error to summarize the whole, and its argumentation process violates logic.
Regularity. Judging from the argument between "human nature is good" and "human nature is evil", they are a pair of idealistic propositions, which are false.
Because from the true and false, right and wrong aspects of the test, mainly from social practice or after careful investigation and study, life.
The topic should not be the product of subjective imagination, so as to conform to reality and stand the test of practice. We know from social practice that
The genetic engineering that human society is studying shows that no one has studied it so far.
We have found out which genes are good and which genes are bad. In addition, "human nature is good" and "humanity
The proposition of "evil" points out that in China, it was first in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Xunzi advocated that "human nature is evil" and Mencius advocated it.
"Human nature is good", all of which serve their respective theories. Because science and technology were underdeveloped at that time, people were interested in the objective world.
The understanding of the world and the subjective world is also limited by the times and somewhat idealistic. With the development of society today,
Human society has entered 2 1 century, and human beings have made brilliant achievements in their own research: human beings have deciphered it.
All the genetic codes. In the test of practice, the idealistic propositions of "human nature is good" and "human nature is evil" are rejected.
At this time, it is somewhat mysterious and backward to put forward this false proposition for college students to debate.
The final debate of the second China Famous College Students Debate Competition was entitled "Ideological and moral should adapt to the market economy.
The objection is that "ideology and morality should go beyond the market economy." Adaptation and transcendence are not contradictory propositions.
. Because the definition of "adaptation" in Modern Chinese Dictionary is "fit (objective conditions or needs): ~ environment.
"and" beyond "is interpreted as" beyond; It's over: ~ senior? ~ time and space? We can overcome obstacles.
, overcome difficulties. The antonym of "adaptation" is "inadaptability"; The antonym of "transcendence" is "backwardness". No spear
The proposition of the shield can only be that you play your drum, I play my horn, and each sings his own tune. Without the focus of contradiction, it cannot be called debate.
Open. Gorgeous rhetoric can't replace rational thinking, and the planner of the debate topic only lacks basic debate common sense.
This kind of nondescript debate was invented by talent. It is precisely because "adaptation" and "transcendence" are not antonyms that we are arguing.
Regarding the competition, the opposing side argued that shen ming ming said in his speech: "Transcendence is sublimation and sublation on the basis of integration. This proposition
This is a full-name judgment. Transcendence is to restrain and eliminate the existing disadvantages of market economy and increase the potential disadvantages.
With early warning and prevention, we should carry forward the advantages of market economy and establish a new value orientation to guide the market.
The market economy is developing to a higher level. "Here, shen ming ming extended the extension of the concept of" transcendence "to advantages at will.
Being close to one's own argument is a sophistry of stealing concepts. Opposing students repeatedly said, "Transcendence is based on integration.
Sublimation and sublation. "This explanation is a wishful fabrication. Because this explanation cannot be found in any dictionary.
. When the other party asks what "integration" means, no one in the other party can make a correct explanation. The word "integration" is in "
This is explained in Cihai: "Integration means that the strike and dip of the two sets of strata are consistent, and there is no obvious sedimentation."
Contact relationship. This means that in the process of their deposition, this part of the crust just moves up and down slowly underground, and will not rise out.
Water surface, so sediments can be deposited continuously. "This is a geological term. Opposing students tried to use its metaphor.
Righteousness, making an explanation that is beneficial to one's own point of view, is a wishful fabrication, so it is a paradox of stealing concepts.
Argument.
Let's analyze the topic "Social development will move towards mainstream literature" in the final of the second "Peking University Cup" debate competition of Peking University.
Decline. "First of all, this debate is a judgment sentence, which does not contain contradictory propositions, at least it is not a complete debate.
Title. To say the least, even if it is a positive debate, there are at least three opposing arguments: social development will not lead to
The decline of mainstream culture; Social development will lead to the prosperity of mainstream culture; Social development will drive the development of mainstream culture. So, you
Where can the opposing party refute? It can be seen that the questioner did not consider that the debate should contain a pair of contradictory propositions.
Secondly, let's look at the concept of subject and object involved in the debate. The word "culture" is a
A broad concept. Culture in a broad sense refers to the material wealth and essence created by human society in historical practice.
The sum of god's wealth. In a narrow sense, it refers to social ideology and corresponding institutions and organizations. writing
Culture is a historical phenomenon, and every society has its own culture, which develops with the development of social material production.
The development of ideology reflects the politics and economy of a certain society, but it also has a great influence and function on a certain society.
Will be political and economic. In a class society, it has a class nature. With the emergence and development of the nation, culture also
Nationalities, through the development of national forms, form national traditions. The development of culture has historical continuity and social objectivity.
The historical continuity of qualitative production development is the basis of the historical continuity of cultural development. Culture sometimes refers to spiritual wealth, such as:
Literature, art, education, science, etc. Among them, the word "mainstream" is a philosophical term, which refers to the essential aspect of things, and it certainly
Set the direction of things. Using "mainstream" to modify and define "culture" is abstract in both connotation and extension.
There will be many understandings. Both sides of the debate must agree on the concept of subject and object involved in the debate.
Be able to debate around the focus of the debate; Without approval, it is impossible to start a debate. This debate is precisely because
The concept of "culture" is too broad, and the two sides of the debate have different understandings of the word "culture", so the debate between the two sides
On the lack of the focus of argument. For example, Chen Jian said in his speech: "From the day it was born, mainstream culture has been
Buried all the germs of its decline. First of all, from the perspective of historical evolution, any mainstream culture is historical and it
It must adapt to the development level of productive forces. With every qualitative leap in the development of productive forces, the old mainstream culture is constantly updated.
Replaced by mainstream culture. In the ancient primitive society, under the historical conditions of slash and burn, it was conceived.
The earliest primitive culture; With the progress of bronze casting, a splendid slavery culture was born; Natural economy, religion
The concepts of law and ethics have compiled a long feudal culture of two thousand years. May I ask the students who object, what kind of mainstream text is it?
Culture is not history? What kind of mainstream culture will not decline? Even from the same social form, mainstream culture
There are also sublation and decline. With the development of society, the elements of mainstream culture that do not meet the social requirements are constantly abandoned by people.
Isn't this the quantitative change and accumulation process of the decline of mainstream culture? Third, the decline of mainstream culture is a reflection of historical progress.
"From this speech, we can see the positive side and regard' mainstream culture' as the history and culture of a certain society. And the opposing side argued for the horse.
Yue said in his speech: "The so-called mainstream culture refers to the long-term accumulation and ownership of a certain culture in a certain cultural area."
The part of culture that the body accepts. Moreover, it is an open system to remove turbidity and promote clarity, to remove the old and to absorb the new. trunk stream
Culture is not a specific system or form. It belongs to us, just like our blood, skin and hair color.
The brand and the destination in the heart are the destination of a national spirit and the value of survival, just like the roots of towering trees.
Even though the years have passed and the years are old and brilliant, they will live in people's souls forever. The pyramids in ancient Egypt were covered with yellow sand for a long time.
, but can't stop the ancient Egyptian civilization; Although the ancient Great Wall in Wan Li is flourishing, it is a Chinese civilization.
The fire lit up the world. From this speech, we can see that the opposing party regards "mainstream culture" as "definite"
Regional and long-term cultural accumulation "is not a historical concept. Because both sides are concerned about the concepts involved in the debate.
The lack of consistent identity also violates the logic of identity, forming a phenomenon of argument regardless of evidence, that is to say, it cannot be called.
Have a debate. At this time, the host of the debate should remind both sides of the debate to have a unified understanding of "mainstream culture", otherwise it will be a transfer.
Unfortunately, the chairman of the debate blindly praised the debater's speech and turned a deaf ear to this obvious difference, which led to this debate.
It's just a formality.
1999 the debate topic in the finals of group a of the international college debate competition is "is beauty an objective existence or a subjective feeling". A positive argument
The topic is that beauty is an objective existence, and the counter argument is that beauty is a subjective feeling. This debate is not a pair of contradictory propositions. Because from
This seems to contradict the object of debate, but judging from the whole sentence, it shows the two sides of the subject "beauty"
Three aspects. According to Modern Chinese Dictionary, "Beauty means good taste, color and sound. If delicious; Beautiful; Liang Chenmei
Scene. "It is a feeling of objective things. But people's understanding is the reflection of objective things in people's minds, which is natural.
Good things in the world, society and art all exist objectively. Therefore, this is not a contradictory debate. because
The debate itself is easy to misunderstand the positive side, so Chen Ruihua said in his speech: "If beauty has no guests."
Viewing standards, that is to say, we take personal subjective preferences as the standard. In that case, thousands of people will have thousands of no
What's the difference between the same standard and no standard? It seems that the beauty and ugliness of a thing may be different for different people.
There are different aesthetic feelings, but this different aesthetic feeling stems from different personal backgrounds and different aesthetic concepts.
Different aesthetic cultivation. Here, Chen Ruihua described the opposing view as "there is no objective standard of beauty".
Accurate, subject to personal subjective preferences. "This is to impose a wrong view on each other and use it as the target of criticism.
Sentence, this is the sophistry of stealing concepts.
When speaking freely, Zheng Fang put forward some concrete things, such as Pearl, Mona Lisa, Tang poetry and Song poetry.
Words, "inner beauty" and "floral fragrance" try to show that these beautiful things exist objectively even if they are not recognized by people.
Yes, to prove your point. In fact, this involves aesthetic activities. People's aesthetic ability is not innate, but in
It is produced and developed in social practice, and understanding the beauty of things or works of art is an aesthetic ability that needs to be cultivated.
. Aesthetics is a science that studies the general laws and principles of beauty in natural, social and artistic fields, and aesthetics mainly discusses beauty.
Essence, the relationship between art and reality, and the general law of artistic creation. People just learn and master certain aesthetic knowledge.
Only in this way can we discover beauty, feel beauty and create beauty. The positive question reveals the views on "beauty", "aesthetic feeling" and "aesthetics"
The vague understanding of several related concepts was seized and refuted by the opposing side, and the opposing side won. This is also made up of
Debate is not caused by a pair of contradictory propositions, and the debate itself tends to the opposite side. Before the debate began, the outcome was divided.
A foregone conclusion makes the debate boring. To sum up, the planner of the debate must make the debate contain a pair of contradictory propositions.
The controversial focus has a clear and consistent identification of the connotation and extension of the concept of subject and object involved in the debate.
So that the debate can proceed normally.