Zhepai
Lin 'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, became the political and cultural center at that time. Most famous violinists are in this area. They are called Zhejiang School. Their biographies are called "Zhejiang genealogy" to distinguish them from the previous "Jiangxi genealogy". Chuwang Guo, Zhang Yan's pianist, is the greatest achievement of Zhejiang School. He inherited and developed the traditional Qin Le and created some unique Qin Le. These piano pieces were passed on to Xu and Mao Minzhong through his student Liu Zhifang. Since then, the music art of Zhejiang School has been influencing the Yuan and Ming Dynasties.
The Qin altar in Ming Dynasty was mainly divided into two schools: Jiang and Zhe. Zhejiang School inherited the tradition of Xu in the Southern Song Dynasty, such as Huang Xian, editor of Wugang Qinpu, and editor of Hangzhuang Taiyin Supplement. They are all known as "the true story of Xu Men". The preface to Selected Works of Feng Xuan says: "There are two kinds of exercises handed down from generation to generation, namely, Cao Xumen in Zhejiang and Six Gates in Jiang Cao". But in terms of influence, the two factions are not balanced. Among them, Zhejiang School published many music collections and taught a large number of students. Liu Zhu introduced the specific situation in Si Tong: "There are three kinds of piano etudes in modern times: Yue Jiang, Yue Zhe and Min Yue. There is no shortage of Fujian, Jiangxi and Zhejiang. According to Cao Cao's second view: Zhejiang Cao Cao is the best, and his voice Jiang Cao is more complicated; " Zhejiang Cao Cao is more relaxed and clearer than Jiang Cao Cao. "
Xia Zi's Score edited by Zhejiang pianists Mao Minzhong and Xu, and other important piano works include Cao Qin's Score (Chuwang Guo), Qin Shu (Tong Yuan), Qinpu outside the Summer (Jin Liru), Ming Ji of Qin Xue (Xu Mengji), Qin Pu of Wo Jian Run in Mei Xue (Xu Zhonghe) and Dance Steel. The representative Qin music of Zhejiang School includes Xiaoxiang Shuiyun, Fisherman's Song, Woodcutter's Song, Hu Jia's Eighteen Beats and so on. Its artistic style is smooth and clear.
Yushanpai
Yushan School is named after a little-known Pishan in Changshu. There is a river called Qinchuan under Yushan Mountain. The Qinchuan Society organized by Yan Cheng uses the name "Qinchuan Society", so it is also called Qinchuan School. There are many piano players in Changshu who have been influenced by Xu Men. Xu's father, Xu, whose real name is Xiaoshan, once taught in Changshu. Later, there was a famous pianist, Chen. Yan Cheng studied piano from his son Chen Xingyuan. It is said that Yan Cheng also learned the piano from an unknown woodcutter. Yan Cheng named the woodcutter Xu Yixian. Yan Cheng inherited the local piano learning and absorbed the strengths of Shen Yin, a famous Beijing artist. In his own words: "Make up the legacy of Qinchuan with Shen's strength, and make up the legacy of Shen with Qinchuan's strength". Combined with the strengths of various schools, the Yushan School, a popular school, was formed. Later generations summarized the characteristics of Yushan School as "clear, subtle, light and far-reaching" piano style. Yushan School, also known as Shu School, was the most influential Qin School in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Songxiange Piano Score is a representative piano score of Yushan School, which was compiled by local experts Zhao and others under the auspices of Yan Cheng. The collected 22 pieces are all played by Yan Cheng himself, including * * Shen Yin's "Dawn in the Cave" and "Autumn Moon on the Mountain". From the first edition 16 14 to the second edition 1656, the number of tracks increased to 29. This "Song Xian Ge Qin Pu" was once regarded as an original by the piano circle. Yan cheng advocates "clear, subtle, light and far." It is also considered as the most ideal piano playing style. In fact, this was only a good thing for the literati at that time, and the performance of piano music was very limited. Chen is good at Wu Ye Tune, Luo Chaofei, Xiaoxiang and other excellent works because of his fast pace. If it doesn't meet Yan Cheng's taste, it will be rejected to be included in the music score of Songxian Pavilion. Later, when Qingshan Xu collected music, he corrected this prejudice.
Yan Cheng's preface to Qin Chuan Pu Hui was included in Song Xian Qin Guan Pu, which can be regarded as the program of Yushan Qin School. Advocate giving full play to the expressive force of music itself without the help of words; It is believed that music has its own uniqueness in expressing feelings, which is beyond the reach of language. "The way to cover the sound is subtle and euphemistic, based on the text rather than the text, and the sound is solid and good at the text." The article attacked the piano music that was all the rage at that time. I think it violates the tradition of Qin and Song Dynasties. Due to Yan Cheng's loud voice and timely and pertinent criticism, "Qin Dao was greatly stimulated at one time", which changed this situation and Yushan School was highly praised by people.
Qinxue, which is in the same strain as Yan Cheng, also comes from Chen. Chen Kunyuan, the son of Zeng, and Zhang Weichuan, a disciple of Ai Tong, studied Guanluo and Yangchun. Qingshan Xu and Yan Cheng are both piano friends and other disciples, but their playing styles are different. Qingshan Xu did not oppose fast-paced music, thus enriching and developing the piano style of Yushan School. Hu Xunlong in the early Qing Dynasty summed up their contribution to the Yushan Piano School in the preface of Chengyitang Piano Score: "Mr. Yan Tianchi originated in Yushan, created ancient tunes, washed and compiled ancient and modern music scores, and deleted them. Take its quaint voice and get rid of its delicate and complicated voice. This is the latest study of Qin Dynasty, and it is also called "skilled practice" in China today. Qingshan follows Wu, which is a little flexible. In order to regulate it, there will be diseases, yin and yang in heaven and earth, and cold and heat in four seasons. Due to gains and losses, Ji Xu's songs such as Morning Fly, Night Cry and Xiaoxiang Water Cloud were included, so Ji Xu's salty preparation is suitable for today's people. " Tianchi is in front and Qingshan is behind. These two men are the best, but they are also the best. "
More than 30 songs by Qingshan Xu were compiled by disciple Xia Pu in the 12th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (A.D. 1673) as "The Music of the Great Ring Qin", that is, the original "The Music of the Castle Peak". He also wrote twenty-four pieces of Xi Shan Qin Qing, which systematically discussed the performance requirements of Qin in detail. It is an aesthetic theory work about Qin. This work is regarded as the development of Cui Zundu's theory of "beauty is quiet, harmony is far away".
The important piano works of Yushan School are: Songxian Pavilion Music Score (Yan Tianchi) and Dahuangge Music Score (Xu Shangying). Representative Qin music: Sleeping in Qiu Jiang, Introduction to Beautiful Nights, Xiaoxiang Water Clouds, etc. Artistic style: subtle and far-reaching, moderate and broad.
Guangling school
Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province is located at the intersection of the Yangtze River and the Canal, with developed transportation and prosperous economy and culture. Famous painters of the Qing Dynasty gathered here, known as the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou". The tour of Yangzhou Painting Boat recorded the grand occasion of Yangzhou's cultural life. The musicians here are well-known and known as Guangling School.
Xu Changyu was a Shunzhi person in the early Qing Dynasty. His piano playing style is close to that of Yushan School, and he is the pioneer of Guangling School. Guangling School later made great achievements in the processing and development of traditional Qin music, but Xu Changyu was still very cautious about traditional Qin music at that time. He put forward the principle that "Guqin music has imperfections, which can be deleted but not added". He believes that if "Daqu is too long and repetitive", it is that the composer allows "a lot of abridgement". He compiled the fingering of music, which was carved in Xiangshan Hall at the beginning of A.D. 1702 and later in Chengjiantang, and was compiled into a book by his three sons. This is the existing music of Chengjiantang. His eldest son, Xu Hu, was named Zhou Chen. The third son, Xu Yi, was a minister in A Jin. When they were young, they went to Beijing Guobao Temple. "Playing the string and trumpeting, they fell on the fourth floor." At that time, the capital was rumored to be "Jiangnan Erxu". Emperor Kangxi "heard his name and summoned Changchun Hospital." Hu Heyi played several songs on the drum. Among the three brothers, Xu Yi made the greatest achievement, and his father's piano works were mainly edited and published by him. "The Record of Yangzhou Original Boat" also said: "Xu Xiang is the most important in Yangzhou Qinxue." Some people praised him for playing a poem in the Tang Dynasty: "All animals are quiet, a spell is on the table, and the stars are getting thinner."
The important music scores of Guangling School are: Chengjiantang Music Score (Xu Changyou), Wuzhizhai Music Score (Xu Qi), Ziyuantang Music Score (Wu Hong), Jiaoan Music Score (Qin), Dead Wood Zen Music Score (Releasing Empty Dust) and so on. The representative Shaanxi operas include Long Xiangcao, Mei Nong, Ping Sha Yan, Xiaoxiang, Guangling San and so on. Artistic style: upright, ups and downs, free and distant.
Meianpai
Mei 'an School is a school that has risen recently. Its origin can be traced back to the Qing Dynasty, and its founders are Wang and He Xu. Although Mei 'an School evolved from Zhucheng Qin School in Shandong Province, it is different in artistic features. Even the piano music of the same name with basically the same substrate has obvious differences in artistic style, and its piano theory is unique. Before 1950s, this school spread rapidly in Chinese mainland, and after 1950s, it soon spread to Hong Kong, Taiwan, the United States and other places. Meianqin School collapsed. Are some schools single? Slightly and far away? It absorbs and digests many effective nutrients and elements of western music, especially folk music, on the basis of the overall aesthetic grasp of China traditional music. With its powerful charm, unique syntax and vivid rhythm, it is different from the original major piano schools and pursues? Slightly and far away? It is organically integrated with vivid life and human nature.
The main characteristics of this genre are smooth as a song, beautiful and lingering, and a wide range of songs; Representative figures are, Xu, Shao Dasu, etc. Representative Shaanxi operas include Ping Sha Yan, Nagato Complain, Guan Shanyue, Sleeping in Qiu Jiang and Dressing. Important piano works include Long Yin Tang Pu (Mao style) and Mei An Pu (Xu).
Chuanpai
When Zhang was a Taoist priest in Feng Xueqin and Xianfeng was a Taoist priest in Qingcheng Mountain Temple, many people came to Qingcheng Mountain to learn piano at one time. In the early years of Guangxu, after that, a public guest lived in Tangjiazhong, helped him to carefully revise hundreds of piano scores that he had searched for for many years, and selected 145 pieces to compile "Tianwenge Piano Score", which is the most collected collection since Ming and Qing Dynasties. Guangxu taught piano in Wuchang for 30 years, and there were many disciples. Huayang Gu Yucheng was one of them. His two sons, Gu Juan and Gu Yu, passed on his knowledge and compiled his biography into 100 bottles of piano music. Gu organized a piano club in Changsha, Peng Qingshou1912-1916. Zhang Kongshan's piano music is characterized by flowing water, drunken fishermen singing late, Pu 'an mantra and Confucius reading the Book of Changes. The song "Running Water" is Zhang Kongshan's masterpiece, which is especially valued by the piano circle.
The important scores of Sichuan school are: Tian Wen Ge's score (Tang Songxian), Bai Pingzhai's score (Gu Juan) and so on. Representative Qin music includes Running Water, Drunk Fish Singing Night, Confucius Reading the Book of Changes, Puan Mantra and so on. Artistic style: manic and unrestrained, magnificent.
Zhuchengpai
Several Wang Xing musicians emerged in Zhucheng, Shandong Province. At that time, it was called "Two Kings of Zhucheng" or "Three Kings of Langya". Later, Wang Rubin developed a piano music with local characteristics in Shandong. Fifteen pieces handed down from generation to generation by Wang Puchang were compiled into Music Score of Tongyin Mountain Hall by later generations. His son Wang continued his studies. He and Wang Yimen, who was sent to live in Jinling, are also called "the two kings of Zhucheng". Although the two piano schools are different, after exchange and discussion, most of the songs played are the same. Wang Yimen compiled Piano Music, in which Nagato Complaint of Zhucheng School was published for the first time.
I studied piano with my father for three years since I was a child, and then learned Wang Yumen's handed down music, which combined the characteristics of Yushan and Jinling, with the former being the main one. Eight years later, he went to Japan to study western music for six years. He engaged in revolutionary propaganda with Sun Yat-sen's Zhong Xing Society. After returning to China, he refused Yuan Shikai's invitation to "be happy in Beijing" and made a piano producer in his hometown. In a.d. 19 15, "Zhao Yan traveled north and Wu Chu traveled south". Inspired by Zhang Taiyan, he returned to Daming Lake in Jinan to form "Deyin Qinshe", which attracted many literati. 19 18, Cai Xiumin hired him as a teacher of Peking University. Organized the National Music Research Association in Beijing. And Zhan are his disciples. The 28-song series is "Summary of Yuqin Snow", which was once called "Three Kings of Langya" with "Two Kings of Zhucheng". Wang Rubin studied under Wang Yumen and was introduced by Kang Youwei to teach piano at Nanjing Normal University. He is good at absorbing time music into the piano, and fourteen pieces handed down by him were compiled into Meian piano score by disciples Xu Zhuo and Shao Sen.
The artistic style of Zhucheng Qin School has the following characteristics: firmness is penetrating, density is penetrating, reality is penetrating, air flows down in one breath, the focus is not dragging its feet, the music is profound and ethereal. Tight and constant, the cycle is too sparse, the air is tumbling, and the rhyme is dotted with stars.
The representative Qin music of Zhucheng School includes Complaint, Three Layers in Yangguan, Guan Shanyue and so on. Important piano works include Music Score of Tong Yin Shan Tang (Wang Puchang) and Music Score Revision (Wang Yimen).
Lingnan school
Originated from Huang Jingxing in Daoguang period. He inherited the Ancestor's "Heritage of Ancient Harbor", and learned more than ten songs from Xiangshan Heluo Book, and compiled fifty songs as "Five Snow Mountain Qin Fang Pu". Close to Jian Zheng Hou Chuanqi's knowledge.
The representatives of Lingnan School are Li Baoguang, Zheng and Yang Xinlun. Important piano works include: Gugang Piano Score and Wu Xueshan Piano Score (Huang Jingxing). Representative Qin operas include Liu Quan in Bijian, Questions and Answers on Yuqiao, Nostalgia for the Past, Jade Tree in the Wind, Gull Forgetting the Machine, Double Crane Listening to Spring, etc. Artistic style: pure and elegant.
Minpai
The modern Qin school, represented by Zhu, wrote the Ancient Zhai Pu. Zhang He and the scholars who followed him edited An Introduction to Qin Xue. Chen Shiqi, edited by Qin Xue and Jin Chu.
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