/kloc-in the 0 th and 9 th centuries, the new university movement appeared in Britain. On the proposal of the poet Thomas gipper, some scholars, enlightened capitalists and non-state sects opened a new university with the spirit of democracy and liberalism in London on 1828. Soon, various religious sects also established King's College, which promoted the reform of higher education in competition and merged into London University in 1836. The new university movement also promoted the birth and development of local universities. The characteristics of these new universities are: not limited by religious beliefs, attaching importance to science and technology education, and being closely linked with social life. For example, pay attention to business teaching and the tuition is low. Most students who enter the new university are children of the industrial and commercial bourgeoisie.

Under the impetus of the New University Movement, the two ancient universities, Oxford and Cambridge, also began to carry out reforms: they established a new school governing body-"School Council", abolished religious restrictions on university faculty, added modern science majors, attached importance to the teaching of natural sciences, and established an honorary degree system and a tutorial system.