How to Cultivate Primary School Students' Observation Ability and Methods/Steps
First, how to cultivate the observation ability of primary school students?
First, strengthen the understanding of the purpose and importance of observation.
As a physical learning ability, observation plays an important role in physical learning. Meanwhile, observation is also an important research method. In the history of physics development, there is no lack of careful observation and thinking.
An example of a major discovery. Galileo discovered the law of simple pendulum vibration by observing and studying the swing of chandeliers, and Oster discovered the magnetic effect of current through careful observation. As a physics teacher, we should pay attention to the introduction of successful observation cases in the history of physics development, and at the same time, we should always combine the teaching content to explain the role of careful observation in knowledge learning and scientific invention discovery, educate students to concentrate and encourage them to actively observe.
Second, teach students the method of observation.
In physics teaching, we should teach students systematic observation methods, mainly including the following aspects: 1. Observe the relationship between physical phenomena and the external form of objects; 2. Observe the relationship between physical phenomena and the internal structure of objects; 3. Observe the dynamic relationship between physical phenomena and objects, observe the characteristics of things and the laws of movement development and change.
In physics teaching, there are two common observation methods that students should master. The first is systematic observation. It includes sequential observation, step by step observation and angle observation. Such as that experiment of observe ohm's law in some circuits. The first step is to qualitatively observe the current change caused by resistance change or voltage change; Step 2, fix the resistance and quantitatively observe the influence of voltage change on current; The third step is to fix the voltage and quantitatively observe the influence of resistance change on the current. The second is comparative observation. Including different parts contrast, foreign body contrast, before and after contrast and classification contrast. This is an effective way to judge which factor dominates the phenomenon or process. In order to determine whether the factor causing electromagnetic induction is the change of the original magnetic field, it is necessary to compare the strong but constant magnetic field with the weak but changing original magnetic field to determine which factor plays a decisive role in electromagnetic induction.
In addition, inductive observation, verification observation and comprehensive observation are also commonly used observation methods.
Third, give full play to the guiding role of teachers.
Teachers' guidance is an important factor in cultivating students' observation ability. Appropriate and timely guidance will play a positive role in guiding students' observation. When instructing students to observe, teachers should also pay attention to guiding students to use their brains and think positively. In the history of physics, there are countless examples of missing major scientific discoveries because of careless observation or failure to combine observation with thinking. Teachers can use these examples, combined with observation exercises, to educate students on observation quality.
Fourth, provide students with as many observation opportunities as possible.
The cultivation of students' observation ability in teaching is mainly through demonstration experiments and group experiments. In addition, the universality of physics research objects enables teachers to find observable examples in daily life and production activities and guide students to observe and think. Because the object of this observation activity is the common physical phenomenon in students' daily life, students observe it independently, so it is not only conducive to cultivating students' enthusiasm and initiative for observation, but also has a positive effect on the development of other abilities.
Second, how to cultivate observation ability?
Observation is a person's comprehensive and in-depth observation ability of things. Keen observation means a strong thirst for knowledge, the ability to quickly and keenly capture all kinds of characteristics and details of things, and the eternal enthusiasm for understanding and mastering all kinds of new things. In order to be observant, you must:
Methods/steps
1, cultivate a strong interest in observation and urge yourself to take the initiative to observe for a long time.
2. Have a clear observation task, closely organize their perceptions and feelings, and point to and focus on what they want to observe.
There must be a careful plan to facilitate careful observation.
4. It is necessary to have the necessary knowledge to observe things more comprehensively and deeply.
5. Learn a variety of scientific observation methods.
6, improve the level of Chinese, in order to facilitate the analysis, synthesis, abstraction, summary and research of things.
7. Record, sort out and summarize the observed data at any time. Some people often keep an observation diary. That's a good idea.
8. Seriously do a good experiment class. Experiment is one of the best observation classes. We should overcome dependence, actively operate, observe and think.