Example 1: Heuristic principle is put forward to deal with the contradiction between acquiring new knowledge and retaining old knowledge in teaching.

Analysis: This question examines your mastery and understanding of the eight principles of teaching.

The second half of the question is "put forward to deal with the contradiction between acquiring new knowledge and retaining old knowledge in teaching", which means that the principle of "consolidation principle" sentence is wrong.

Example 2: The principle of consolidation, also known as the principle of acceptability, is put forward to prevent teaching from being lower than or higher than the actual level of students.

Analysis: Among the eight teaching principles, only the ability principle, also known as the acceptability principle, is put forward to prevent teaching from being lower or higher than the actual level of students.

Second, memorize the details.

Example 1: Feeling is the reflection of the overall attributes of objective things that directly act on the sensory organs in the human brain.

Analysis: This question examines the detailed distinction between the definitions of "feeling" and "perception".

Feeling is the reflection of the individual attributes of objective things that directly act on the sensory organs in the human brain.

Perception is a reflection of the overall attributes of objective things that directly act on the sensory organs in the human brain.

Example 2: Memory refers to the direction and concentration of psychological activities on objects.

Analysis: This question examines the definition of psychological terms.

Attention refers to the direction and concentration of psychological activities on the object.

Memory is a psychological process in which past experiences are reflected in the human brain.

Third, the relationship is discriminatory.

Example 1: Stimulation generalization and differentiation are opposite processes. Generalization is a response to the similarity of things, and differentiation is a response to the difference of things. ( )

Analysis: stimulus generalization refers to making the same response to similar or identical stimuli;

Stimulation differentiation refers to different responses to similar or identical stimuli.

Stimulation generalization and differentiation are complementary processes. Generalization is a response to the similarity of things, and differentiation is a response to the difference of things. Differentiation allows our team to make different appropriate responses in different situations, thus avoiding blind behavior.

By summarizing and distinguishing, organisms can effectively understand and distinguish the similarities and differences of objective things, which is helpful to distinguish the similarities and differences of things.

Example 2: Informal groups have only negative effects on formal groups.

Analysis: This question examines the relationship between formal groups and informal groups.

Informal groups have both positive and negative effects on formal groups: when the goals of informal groups are consistent with those of formal groups, informal groups play a positive role; On the contrary, when the goals are inconsistent or even relatively contradictory, it will play a negative role.

Fourth, comparative understanding.

Exodus 1: distraction is distraction.

Analysis: This question examines the difference between distraction and attention transfer.

The distraction of attention can also be called "distraction". Distraction refers to the phenomenon that attention leaves the object pointed by psychological activities and is attracted by irrelevant objects.

Attention shift is that people consciously shift their attention from one thing to another. If you listen to Chinese in the first class and math in the second class, you need to pay attention to migration.

The distraction of attention is unconscious and passive; The shift of attention is conscious and active.

Example 2: Negative reinforcement is punishment.

Analysis: Negative reinforcement increases the probability of future reaction through the exclusion of aversion to stimuli, and punishment reduces the probability of future reaction through the presentation of aversion to stimuli.

Five, steal the beam to change the column.

Example 1: Students with independent cognitive style generally like to listen to other people's discussions and teachers' lectures in class.

Analysis: field-independent students: when judging objective things, they often use internal reference objects, which are not easily influenced and interfered by external factors and make judgments independently;

Field-dependent students: when judging things, they tend to use external references as the basis for information processing, and are easily influenced and interfered by people around them, especially authoritative people, and are good at observing words and feelings.

Therefore, the "field-independent type" in the stem should be changed to "field-dependent type"

Example 2: Pedagogy came into being with the emergence of human society and developed with the development of human society.

Analysis: Pedagogy, as a science, is the product of a certain stage of historical development, not with the emergence of human society.

Change this topic to: Education comes into being with the emergence of human society and develops with the development of human society.

Six, common sense accumulation type

Example 1: "Tao leads to traction, strength leads to restraint, and opening leads to greatness" comes from The Analects of Confucius.

Analysis: This question examines the examinee's comments on the sentences of important test sites in Xue Ji and The Analects of Confucius.

The sentences in the stem are from Xue Ji.

Example 2: "Teaching and learning learn from each other" comes from The Analects of Confucius.

Analysis: This question examines candidates' views on Xue Ji and