In his prose, the teacher of San Tan Yin Yue does not write his name, but only calls him "Sir". When introducing this gentleman, he said, "He is an old-fashioned, simple and knowledgeable person in this city."

Some people judge this gentleman as a "pedantic, simple and knowledgeable" and are accused of using irony. If it is irony, we have to ask: Who used irony? According to the article, there are two things: First, Lu Xun "heard" others use it, so he wrote it down. However, writing down others' "satire" can't express your attitude. How do readers understand the positive significance of this "irony"? Second, Lu Xun himself is using irony. However, borrowing other people's comments for their own "satire" must also be hinted at, otherwise readers will find it difficult to understand. What's more, there was no taboo to satirize a teacher with "satire" at that time. Why is it so tortuous that people can't see its "irony"? We know that it is extremely labor-saving to add the word "irony" to some incomprehensible words of Lu Xun and even some of his comments that are not in line with today's critics. However, it is also labor-saving to destroy the expressive function of language.

It is either irony or affirmation, so some people understand it from the perspective of praise. In my humble opinion, there is praise for nature, but it is not entirely praise. We can't take today as an example to understand this sentence as a lofty norm of political quality, moral demeanor and beauty of knowledge. Lu Xun heard it from others. Maybe others have such a beautiful meaning, but when Lu Xun used it, he said it according to his own meaning.

Look at the word "founder" first. This word has something to do with Fang Xiaoru in the early Ming Dynasty. During the reign, Fang Xiaoru was hired as a teacher by Wang Shizi of Shu, and all he talked about was Confucianism. King Shu called his book collection "Zheng Xue", so later generations called him "Founder Studies". Ming Chengzu ascended the throne, and Fang Xiaoru refused to draft an imperial edict for him. As a result, he was killed, killing ten families in a row. The founder of Fang Xiaoru is characterized by car-scrapping to the point of pedantry.

When it comes to the founder of Fang Xiaoru, of course, it doesn't mean that anyone will talk about the founder like Fang Xiaoru. However, when people use this word, it always contains some meaning of "founder", such as "I don't know what to do" or the meaning of obeying the rules.

The word "founder" used by Lu Xun is not a commendatory word or a derogatory word, but a neutral word.

There is no doubt that "simplicity" has positive significance.

"erudite", generally speaking, is naturally called knowledgeable. But because people's "knowledge" is different, they don't all have the meaning of praising beauty. Lu Xun said: "In the pre-Qin era, a scholar who read the' Four Books' empty-handed was considered a scholar in the countryside." (Lace Literature refers to the difficulty of sentences.) It is known as a learned teacher who reflects the moon in Santan, and the reason will not exceed "finishing four books empty-handed".

Even so, such teachers were rare at that time. Don't falsely accuse evil, and don't praise it casually.

We pay tribute to the plaque and deer.

This sentence just tells us that when we enter school, saluting is like a ceremony, nothing else. The "plaque and deer" are the furnishings in the middle of the study, not specially designed for students to salute. Therefore, it cannot be said that this painting is used to replace the "Confucius memorial tablet" and educate students to seek wealth. Such educational content may not be absent, but it is not in this painting. It is beyond the imagination of some critics to regard this painting as a special teaching aid.

In a word, we don't have to explore what is important. This is a retrospective article. Lu Xun can't change the facts at will, he can only copy them from his memory and tell them truthfully. Some people may ask: there are also trade-offs in prose. Why did Lu Xun give up these things? A: Lu Xun wants to write about the life of the bookstore in the late Qing Dynasty. Omitting these things will weaken the realism of the bookstore life.

I doubt that this is an excellent article.

When students study, "Mr. teaches himself". What is recorded in the article is "iron is as good as you wish, and the command is charming ...". Lu Xun went on to write: "I doubt this is an excellent article."

At first, everyone didn't know what the teacher was reading, but in recent years, it was found that Liu Han's "Li Keyong buys three drinks and pays later" was compiled into "Jia Qingji's First Edition" published by Nanjing College in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province. Therefore, some people ask whether this article can be called "excellent article". In other words, does Lu Xun mean irony here?

Some comrades think that "Mr." does not read stereotyped writing, but reads ci fu, which shows that he ignores fortune.

Some comrades retorted that it was difficult, saying, "Although the law fu he studied was not an imperial examination prescribed by the Qing Dynasty, it was an examination item in the Tang Dynasty. More importantly, the so-called "lofty sentiments" are nothing more than a triumphant scene in which Li Keyong suppressed the peasant uprising and returned home in a scuffle for power and profit. Is there anything worth appreciating? ..... He is so fascinated by this statement, how can he show that he doesn't care about fame and fortune at all? " (Sun: Reading Notes from "Hundred Herbs Garden" to "San Tan Yin Yue". See On the Teaching of Lu Xun's Works compiled by the Chinese Department of Liaocheng Branch of Shandong Normal University, p. 259, Tianjin People's Publishing House, 1979. )

This kind of rebuttal is difficult and not too harsh. For example, Rufu is "an examination item in the Tang Dynasty". It is hard for us to believe that the cold Confucianism in the late Qing Dynasty read Lu Fu and prepared to take an examination of the Tang Dynasty. If we should pay attention not to regard the late Qing Dynasty as the Tang Dynasty at this point, we should avoid regarding the late Qing Dynasty as the modern one at another point. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, it was written that Li Keyong won a great victory in the "power struggle and profit struggle" at the end of the Tang Dynasty, and he bought a wine party. Should such works be erased? The old school teacher was fascinated by Liu Han's fu, so he decided that he had the problem of "position and feelings" I'm afraid he criticized his predecessors with today's requirements. You know, at that time, China's theory of evolution had not even been published.

"I suspect this is an excellent article" is about "Mr. Wang is absorbed in reading", so we don't need to take it as irony or praise. In short, we don't need to be too serious.

6. There are many achievements in painting.

These words show that feudal education can't bind children's hobbies.

In addition to Xiu Xiang, "a few people put paper armor on their nails to play". These, of course, make people think of sneaking into the small garden of the bookstore mentioned above to "catch flies and feed ants." However, this kind of game is not a game, but it is called the "best job" in a small garden. Stealing a moment's leisure in the bookstore, but only such activities don't make people shake their heads! In contrast, Xiu Xiang's indoor shadow writing and fingering are "satisfying his naive nature of loving beauty" (twenty-four filial piety pictures).

Lu Xun wrote these things, just as he said in "Twenty-four Filial Pieties", so "recalling my childhood with my classmates and friends" is "a sad condolence for us to remember the lost time".

Pronunciation and spelling

Mulberry Lightweight in Zhen Shi Vegetable Garden

You (línɡ) Mylabris (máo) Entanglement (chán) Rescue (cuán)

Coral (shān hú) breaks (hu not) and converges (li ǐ n) brain marrow (suǐ).

Odd (mi) foraging (mi) bamboo screen (shāi) Gu Ni (bǐ)

Raw cicada slough (TU 655333)

Everyone is buzzing (dǐnɡ), staying in Confucianism (rú), A (kuē), and charming (tětǐn ɡ).

sinus

Multi-tone character: system of depression, accumulation and folding.

Edit this text for practice.

1. Among many plants, the author only focuses on Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. The reasons are: first, because, second, because.

Because the root of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb is the carrier and typical representative of Lu Xun's childhood memory, it represents Lu Xun's curiosity about new things in his youth, and also reflects the strangulation of children's interest by the feudal education system. & lt/CA & gt；

2. What aspects of bird catching are described in detail in the first paragraph?

Write down "bird catching time", "bird catching conditions" and "bird catching harvest" in detail.

Step 3 imitate writing

Needless to say, green vegetable fields, smooth stone wells, tall acacia trees and purple mulberries; Needless to say, cicadas are singing in the leaves, fat wasps are squatting on cauliflower, and the swift call to the son of heaven (lark) suddenly rushes to the sky from the grass. Just around the short mud wall, it has unlimited interest. Oil flies sing here and crickets play the piano here. Turning over broken bricks, sometimes I meet centipedes; There is also Mylabris. If you press your finger on its spine, it will clap its hands and spray a puff of smoke from behind. The vines of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb and Manglietia are intertwined. Manglietia has the fruit of Alternanthera philoxeroides, and Polygonum multiflorum has swollen roots. Some people say that the roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb are human-shaped, and they can become immortals after eating them. So I often pull them up, and I have always been involved in pulling them up, and I have broken the mud wall, but I have never seen them like people. If you are not afraid of thorns, you can also pick raspberries, which are like small balls made of coral beads. They are sour and sweet, and their color and taste are far better than those of mulberries.

Practice imitating sentences

Students speak freely.

Health 1: Needless to say, it is easy to have a holiday. One day on the weekend, three or five friends had a long talk, and they were happy when listening to music and leisurely when shopping. Just looking at the counseling books on the table, the layers of practice paper, the draft paper like a hill, and the used oil refills, there is a sense of satisfaction.

Health 2: Don't say those strange English words, and don't say those abstract theorems and formulas. Just those difficult words in classical Chinese will have endless troubles.

4. How do you understand the main idea of this article and why?

5. This paper describes several interesting scenes in "Three Tans Printing on the Moon".

6. How does the author describe the Herb Garden? What rhetorical methods are used?

Read the text as required and discuss the following questions.

This topic requires students to perceive the main content of the article as a whole on the basis of reading the full text, and also guides students to understand some skills and steps of reading the article. The first is to read the topic and see what information the topic can provide for us to read; Then, on the basis of reading the full text, understand the structure and main content of the article; Finally, grasp the author's main views or feelings as a whole.

1. This article is entitled "From Baicaoyuan to Santan Yinyue". What information did you get from this topic?

"From ... to ..." means that this article consists of two parts, and it also tells us the contents of the two parts before and after the article.

2. Read the text quickly, and find out the first and last sentences and the middle transition paragraphs of "Hundred Herbs Garden" and "Three Tans Printing on the Moon" respectively.

From the beginning "there is a big garden behind my house" to the middle "it's too late to wait for it to go to the middle" is the part of writing about the Herb Garden; From "Going East" to "This thing is long gone" at the end of the article is the part of writing three pools reflecting the moon; "I don't know why my family sent me to the library" is a transition between the two parts.

3. Read the text carefully and put the two parts together to think and discuss: What kind of thoughts and feelings does this article show the author? The following three statements can be used for reference.

① Use the freedom and happiness of Herbal Garden to set off the dullness of reflecting the moon in Santan, and expose and criticize the feudal and decadent private school education divorced from children's reality.

② Comparing the freedom and happiness of Herbal Garden with the dullness of three pools reflecting the moon, it shows children's psychology of loving nature and enjoying a free and happy life, and they are also dissatisfied with the feudal education that restricts children's physical and mental development.

(3) Through the recollection of Baicao Garden and San Tan Yin Yue, the author's childhood love for nature, pursuit of knowledge, and naive, naive and joyful psychology are shown.

This exercise aims to help students grasp the theme of the article from the combination of whole and part. Because of the complexity of the text, it is difficult for junior one students to understand it deeply. As long as you understand, you have achieved your goal.

These three statements all have some truth, and students should give appropriate affirmation no matter which statement they agree with. The first argument is based on Lu Xun's criticism of the stale feudal private school education in more than one article, which stifles children's nature. Even in this article, I wrote that life in private schools is boring. The second statement is a revision of the first statement, which is more reasonable than the first statement. The third statement is the most acceptable and seems to be the most reasonable. Please refer to "Related Information" for reasons.

Second, try to understand the following text and answer the questions in brackets.

The purpose of this exercise is to guide students to understand the meaning of the sentence, the content of the article and the semantic focus of the article according to the context.

1. Needless to say, green vegetable fields, smooth stone well fences, tall Gleditsia sinensis trees and purple mulberries; Needless to say, cicadas are singing in the leaves, fat wasps are squatting on cauliflower, and the swift call to the son of heaven (lark) suddenly rushes to the sky from the grass. Just around the short mud wall, it has unlimited interest.

("Needless to say ... Needless to say ... just ...") What's the point? Please copy a paragraph. )

The content after "single page" is the author's focus.

2. Maybe it's because pulling Polygonum multiflorum destroyed the mud wall, maybe it's because the brick was thrown on the partition wall of Liang's house, maybe it's because he jumped off the Shijing fence. ...

Do I know why I was sent to a private school? What words do you see? )

"I" don't know the reason why I was sent to a private school, because when I talk about the reason, I will use "maybe" to express my guess.

Thirdly, the following passage uses a series of verbs in succession, which accurately describes the process of catching birds in the snow. Taste it carefully, and then write a paragraph by yourself, or describe the process of playing a game, or describe the process of ants moving, using a series of verbs as much as possible.

Sweep away a piece of snow and expose the ground. Set up a big bamboo curtain with a short stick, sprinkle some chaff under it, and tie a long rope on the stick. People hold it from a distance and watch the birds come down to peck. When they reach the bottom of the bamboo curtain, they pull the rope and cover the bamboo curtain.

This topic is an extended exercise from in-class to out-of-class. Students should be guided to learn to describe a game accurately with a series of verbs on the basis of understanding the accurate usage of verbs in this article. You can use the game mentioned in the title, or you can choose your own game.

Edit the main idea of this paragraph

Baicao Garden and San Tan Yin Yue are two places where Lu Xun lived in his childhood. Grasping the local changes when reading, the full text can be divided into two parts. Each part can be divided into several layers according to time and events.

The full text can be divided into two parts.

The first part (paragraph 1-8): Recalling the interesting life of Baicao Garden. It can be divided into four layers.

The first floor (1 section): Give a brief introduction to the White Grass Garden. Pointing out that it is "my paradise" is full of nostalgia.

The second floor (the second paragraph): It is full of fun to write about the Herbal Garden on a hot day.

The third layer (paragraphs 3-6): Write the story of the beautiful snake told by the big mother and the feeling of "I".

The fourth floor (paragraphs 7-8): Write about the fun of catching birds in the snow in winter.

The second part (paragraph 9-end): Recalling the school experience of San Tan Ying Yue. It can be divided into five layers.

The first floor (paragraph 9): It's a transitional period, bid farewell to the Herb Garden and go to the bookstore to study.

The second level (10-11paragraph): write about the admission. Introduced the bookstore and Mr.

The third floor (paragraph 12- 16) is not allowed to ask extracurricular questions.

Fourth floor (paragraph 17-20): No playing in the backyard.

The fifth floor (paragraph 2 1-24): Write the ridiculous scene of teachers and students reading "I" drawing while Mr. Wang is absorbed in reading.

theme

Through the different descriptions of life in Herb Garden and San Tan Yin Yue, the author shows that children love nature and explore all kinds of knowledge, and exposes and criticizes the feudal education that restricts children's healthy physical and mental development.

Edit the relevant information in this paragraph.

Let's briefly introduce "Flowers at Morning" (Lu Xun)

I often want to find a little leisure in confusion, but it's really not easy. At present, it is so bizarre, and my heart is so complicated. When a person only has memories, his life will probably be boring forever, but sometimes he has no memories. China's articles are standard, but the world is still spiral. When I left Sun Yat-sen University the other day, I remembered leaving Xiamen University four months ago. Hearing the chirping of planes overhead, I remembered the scene of planes hovering over Beijing every day a year ago. At that time, I also wrote a short article called Yi Jue. Now, even this "sleep" is gone.

The weather in Guangzhou is really hot early, and the sunset enters from the west window, forcing people to barely put on a thin coat. A pot of "water branches" on the desk is something I have never seen before: it is just a section of tree, and its branches and leaves are lovely as long as they are immersed in water. Look at the green leaves, edit the old manuscript, and finally make a difference. Doing this kind of thing is really a day to live and a year to die, which can drive away the heat.

The day before yesterday, Weeds was edited. This time, it was my turn to bring up the past of Mangyuan, and I changed his name: cordate telosma. Flowers with dew are much better, but I can't. Even if it's strange in my mind now, I can't make him become a strange essay in an instant. In other words, when he looks up at the clouds, he will blink in front of me.

Once, I recalled many times the fruits and vegetables I ate in my hometown when I was a child: water chestnut, arhat bean, water bamboo and wax gourd. These are extremely delicious; Used to be the temptation to make me homesick. Later, I tasted it after a long separation, and that's it; Just in memory, there are old meanings. They may lie to me for the rest of my life and keep me looking back.

These ten articles were copied from memory, which may be somewhat different from the actual content, but I only remember these now. The style is probably very messy, because I dropped out of school after writing for nine months. The environment is different: the first two articles are written under the east wall of Beijing apartment; Three of them are in displacement, and the places are hospitals and carpenters' rooms; The last five articles are upstairs in the library of Xiamen University, and have been pushed out by scholars.

1 may, 9271day, Lu Xun wrote in Guangzhou Baiyun building.

(Selected from the Complete Works of Lu Xun, Volume 2, People's Literature Publishing House, 198 1 version)

Second, about reflecting the moon in the three pools.

San Tan Yin Yue is the place where Mr. Lu Xun studied in his childhood. He goes to school here, 12 years old. After the autumn of the following year, due to his grandfather's imprisonment, young Lu Xun left home to take refuge in the rural areas of Shaoxing-Huangfuzhuang and Xiaogaopu, and his studies were interrupted. 1894 went home in summer, and still returned to Santan to reflect the moon. So it was not until around 1898 that I left and went to Nanjing Naval Academy to study for six years. ...

Everything here is very well preserved, as Mr. Lu Xun recalled: "Go through a black bamboo door, the third room is the study, and there is a plaque hanging in the middle: Three pools print the moon; Below the plaque is a photo of a fat sika deer squatting under an old tree. " This plaque and painting were lost before liberation, and party cadres tried their best to get them back after liberation. In those days, students studying Lu Xun were still alive in the early days of liberation, including Zhou Meiqing, Zhang Xiangyao and Wang Fulin. According to the memories of these three old classmates, the three pools reflect the moon back to the original arrangement. In the room, it seems to be an old-fashioned living room in China, which is very strange to teenagers nowadays. Student seat 1 1. Lu Xun's seat is arranged by the north wall. It's a rectangular table with drawers and a slightly lower chair behind it. It's dark here, and the air looks damp. In the right corner of his desk, the word "made" is engraved one inch square. Knife is simple and straight. It is an extremely precious woodcut cultural relic hand-carved by Lu Xun in his childhood. As for its origin, it is said that one day, Lu Xun was late for school and was scolded by his teacher. He used a knife to carve the word "early" to spur himself. Since then, he has never been late again.

Thirdly, about private schools.

Private school is a private teaching place in ancient China. It has played an important role in spreading the culture of the motherland, promoting the development of education, cultivating enlightening children and letting children learn to understand.

Students in private schools began to receive enlightenment education at the age of six. Students don't have to pass the entrance examination. Generally, you only need to get Mr. Kong's consent, stand in front of Kong's tablet or icon, kowtow or bow to Mr. Kong and Mr. Kong, and you can get the qualification to enter the park. Private schools are generally smaller, with more than 20 students and fewer students. Private schools have no uniform requirements and regulations on students' school age, learning content and teaching level.

As far as the textbooks for private schools are concerned, there are "three hundred, one hundred, one thousand, one thousand" ancient textbooks, that is, three-character classics, hundreds of surnames, thousand-character poems, daughters' classics, teaching children's classics, children's education instructions and so on. Students further read the Four Books and Five Classics, China's view of ancient literature, etc. Its teaching content is mainly literacy and calligraphy, and it also attaches great importance to learning poetry and writing correctly.

Generally speaking, the teaching time in private schools can be divided into "short study" and "long study" because people can master it flexibly according to the time. Short-term teaching is called "short-term learning" and usually lasts for one to three months. Parents don't have high requirements for this kind of private school, but only ask students to know some words, keep accounts and write couplets in the future. "Long School" opens in the first half of the first lunar month every year, and it doesn't open until the winter month. Its "long" means that the teachers in private schools are famous and have long teaching experience. Second, students study for a long time and have a lot of content.

As for the teaching principles and methods of private schools, in the education stage, we attach great importance to the upbringing and education of children and emphasize that children should develop good moral quality and living habits. For example, there are strict and specific rules on the behavior and etiquette of Mongolian children, such as dressing, crossing hands, bowing, walking, audio-visual and so on, which is the tradition of education in China. In teaching methods, Mr. Wang completely adopts injection method. During the lecture, Mr. Wang sat in an extremely dangerous place. The students put the books on Mr. Wang's desk in turn, and then stood aside and listened to Mr. Wang humming in circles. After the lecture, they ordered the students to repeat. Then the students went back to their seats and read aloud. Students must recite all the books that Teacher Fan asks to read aloud. In addition, corporal punishment is prevalent in private schools. When encountering careless or naughty students, Mr. Wang often grabs students' faces and ears and slaps students' palms.