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Biological learning method

basic policy

1. Biology is a subject that correctly understands the body and learns the relationship between man and the environment (plants, animals and nature).

2. Don't blindly remember, and understand with the experience in life.

Application scheme

1. Carefully understand the content of the textbook and understand and remember the basic concepts.

1) Learn with each concept according to the learning objectives of each unit.

2) Don't just memorize the core questions, but learn them step by step.

3) We should correctly grasp the meaning expressed by images, tables and photos in the teaching materials.

2. Combine what you have learned with real life to understand.

3. Compare everyday language with scientific language, and remember it after you really understand it.

4. After the content is expressed in figures or tables, it can be sorted out and understood.

5. After the experiment, contact the concept to understand.

Grasp the purpose of the experiment, compare the results with your own ideas, find out the gap and analyze the reasons for the gap.

* correctly understand the structure and usage of the microscope, and directly observe and understand the characteristics of various organisms.

* Get into the habit of keeping an experimental observation diary.

6. Memorize with the explanation part of the learning materials and the arrangement part of the problem set as the center.

7. Memorize in different ways according to the content.

1) connect what you have learned and organize it to remember.

* Write down the themes that come to mind in any order.

* Write the central theme in the middle position.

* according to the relationship between knowledge, complete the map with lines or charts.

2) Memorize with words with special meaning or special meaning.

3) Memory with eyes, hands, mouth and ears at the same time.

8. Problems you don't understand must be solved.

Ask yourself questions first, and then ask others if you know what you don't understand. )

9. Confirm what you have learned by solving problems.

1) sort out the wrong questions and review them before the next exam.

2) Check textbooks and study materials to find questions that you don't understand.

3) Do the questions in the order of basic questions-medium difficulty questions-difficult questions, and understand the content.

other

1. When the time is relatively loose, such as holidays, you can start with the part you are interested in. (Related parts can also cultivate interest)

2. I usually use the encyclopedia to find things I don't understand.

A Brief Talk on Biology Learning Methods

Liu Qiang of Baiyi High School

As we all know, life science is the fastest developing science in 2 1 century, and it will become the most important scientific commanding height that determines the development of a country and a nation in the future. Learning life science well is of great significance for students to make greater contributions to the motherland in the future and better realize their personal values. So, how can we learn biology well in middle school?

Let's introduce the learning methods of biology to the students.

First, master the basic knowledge points, "remember first, then understand"

Like studying other sciences, the knowledge of biology should be memorized on the basis of understanding, but high school biology still has characteristics different from other sciences. Students are clear about some basic thinking elements of mathematics, physics and chemistry that you have studied for many years, such as the unknown X in mathematics and the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, atoms and electrons in chemistry, force and light in physics, etc. For biology, students should think about not only thinking elements, but also strange cells, tissues, various organic and inorganic substances and their strange logical relations. Therefore, only when students learn these nouns and terms by heart can they understand the logical law of biology, that is, "remember first, then understand."

Second, find out the internal relationship of knowledge, "look forward and look back"

After remembering the basic nouns, terms and concepts, students will focus on learning biological laws. At this time, it is necessary to focus on understanding the relationship between various structures and groups of organisms (because individuals or groups of organisms are the whole with unified internal relations), that is, to pay attention to the vertical and horizontal clues in the knowledge system. For example, we will study DNA in three places: introduction, compounds that make up organisms, and inheritance and variation of organisms, but the discussion in the three places in the textbook has its own emphasis, so students should think in series, which is called "looking ahead and looking back". For example, when learning cell structure, we will learn a lot of organelles, so what are the similarities and differences in the structure and function of these organelles? This needs to be compared to know, this is called "look around."

Third, deeply understand the key knowledge and achieve "six W's" in reading.

We should have a deep understanding of some key and difficult knowledge. How can we deeply understand? Everyone should think about "six W's" when reading. These six W's are: who (who or what structure), what (what changed or happened), how (how happened), when (when or in what order), where (where or what structure) and why (why happened). Everyone often associates these six W's in their thinking, and there will certainly be a lot of gains.

In addition to the above three points, students should persist in exploring suitable learning methods in their studies. I believe that through hard work and scientific methods, I will definitely get back my excellent biology study results!

Biological learning method

Many people think that students are just remembering things, and it is easy to do problems to cope with exams. In fact, this is a wrong understanding. It is impossible to learn biology by rote. Only by mastering scientific learning methods according to the characteristics of biology can we really learn biology well.

1. Grasp the law. Law is the inevitable connection of the intrinsic essence of things themselves. Biology has its own laws, such as the adaptation of structure and function, the unity of part and whole, the harmony between biology and environment, the evolution process from simple to complex, from low to high, from aquatic to terrestrial. Mastering these laws is helpful to understand and apply biological knowledge. For example, when learning mitochondria, we should pay attention to the adaptation of structure and function: ① There is a double-layer membrane outside to separate it from the surrounding cells, so that aerobic respiration can be concentrated in a certain area; (2) The inner membrane is folded inward into a ridge shape, which enlarges the area, which is beneficial to the regular arrangement of substrate particles and enzymes on it, so that the reactions in each step can be carried out in an orderly manner; ③ There are matrix and enzyme in the cavity surrounded by intima; ④ Most reactions of aerobic respiration need enzymes in granules, matrix and intima, so mitochondria are the main place for aerobic respiration. Its structure and function are easier to understand and remember.

Learning biology, like other disciplines, should also follow the laws of cognition and brain activity. For example, people's understanding is from shallow to deep, from less to more, gradually accumulating and deepening. So don't rush to achieve success in learning, one step at a time. For example, if you study the process of meiosis, you only need to find out the main changes of chromosome behavior and quantity at the beginning of two divisions, but you can't find the relationship between chromosome behavior, chromosome, chromatid, DNA quantity, three laws of heredity and mitotic images in the new class. The latter can only be mastered slowly in practice and review.

2. Break through the difficulties. Some knowledge is so complicated or abstract that students find it difficult to learn. At this time, it is necessary to turn the difficult into the easy and strive to break through the difficult points. Commonly used methods are as follows:

Simplification of (1) complex problems. In biological knowledge, there are many difficulties in the complex process of life movement, which is difficult to master comprehensively and accurately. Grasping the main contradictions and the main aspects of contradictions can make the knowledge clear at a glance. For example, cell mitosis, the changes of chromosomes, spindles, nucleoli and nuclear membrane in different periods, if we summarize them as "two phenomena in the early stage and two phenomena in the late stage", other processes will be easy to remember. The metabolic process of the three substances in animals is complicated, which can be summarized as "one minute (decomposition), two times (synthesis) and three times transformation". For some complex problems, such as solving genetic problems, we can break them down into several simple small problems and solve them in turn.

(2) Visualization of abstract problems. The farther away from concrete things, the more abstract thinking. Some knowledge has little connection with reality and is difficult to understand. At this time, we should try to connect it with reality in some way, which is easier to understand. For example, the spatial structure of DNA is very complex, which is difficult for teachers to explain clearly, but it can take a few minutes to solve the problem by showing a DNA model. Therefore, learning biology often needs the help of graphics, tables, models, specimens, videos and other visual means to help understand some abstract knowledge.

3. Summarize. In the process of learning the new biology curriculum, knowledge is generally divided into blocks. However, after learning part of the content, it is necessary to link the knowledge of each block and summarize it into systematic knowledge. This can not only form a complete knowledge structure in the brain, but also facilitate understanding and memory.

To sum up, we should do the "three stresses": first, grasp the order, second, grasp the connection, and third, grasp the characteristics.

Grasping the order is to connect the knowledge points in series according to their own logical relationship. For example, the "genetic material basis" of high school biology can be sorted as: gamete → zygote → nucleus → chromosome →DNA→ gene → protein → trait.

Grasping the connection is to grasp the internal connection between knowledge points, clarify the vertical and horizontal relationship between points and lines, and expand from line to surface into a knowledge network.

Grasping characteristics means grasping the key points, grasping the mainstream and summarizing. It can't be a hodgepodge. You can scratch your beard and eyebrows. Minor things should be simplified or even cancelled.

High school biology learning methods

1. Build a knowledge network. In the process of learning biology, students should first master the basic characteristics of life, clarify the basic knowledge and content of each chapter, organically combine what they have learned with human production practice and daily life, and pay close attention to the latest development of biotechnology.

(1) Grasp the vertical connection of knowledge and connect knowledge together. There is a close internal relationship between biological knowledge. For example, in the second chapter, understanding the material basis of life paves the way for mastering the structural basis of life, while the material basis and structural basis of life pave the way for understanding cell division; Another example is the chapter on heredity and variation. If you don't know the essence of separation phenomenon, you can't continue to learn the law of free association.

(2) Pay attention to the horizontal connection of knowledge to make knowledge more systematic and three-dimensional. There are both progressive and parallel relationships between the chapters of biology, and the contents are interrelated and infiltrated each other. Therefore, students should firmly grasp the main line of the basic characteristics of life, enrich the connotation of knowledge, expand the extension of knowledge, and integrate biological knowledge into a complete network.

2. Improve the theoretical system. There are many biological theories, which run through all chapters, such as cell theory, natural selection theory, gene theory, ecological balance theory and so on. Therefore, in learning biology, in addition to the concept of technical terms, some basic theories are also the contents that students must firmly grasp.

(1) Explain the surrounding things and phenomena with scientific theories. Why do people have albinism and idiocy? Why should consanguineous marriage be prohibited? Why is it that man was not created by God or God, but evolved from ancient apes? Why should humans protect birds? For this kind of problems, students should use the correct theory to make a reasonable explanation, so that people can consciously get rid of superstition and oppose cults.

(2) Pay attention to the connection between theory and basic concepts of biology. Mastering the theory must be based on a correct understanding of many concepts. For example, the premise of understanding the homeostasis theory in vivo is to understand pH value, body temperature, blood pressure, blood sugar, osmotic pressure, oxygen partial pressure, electrolyte concentration and so on. Similarly, the application of ecological balance theory can not be separated from mastering the concepts of population, community, ecosystem, food chain and trophic level.

(3) Grasp the relationship between theories. Various theories of biology complement each other. With the continuous efforts of biological scientists, the theories are constantly updated and enriched, which makes people's understanding of the biological world closer to reality. Therefore, students should learn to consider a theory in the whole biological theory system, and deepen and expand it through examples, so that their grasp of biological theory is more perfect and their application is more accurate. 4. Improve the ability to solve problems. In recent years, biology college entrance examination questions are mainly divided into multiple-choice questions and non-multiple-choice questions. Among them, non-multiple choice questions include filling questions, analysis and explanation questions, and comprehensive questions within and between disciplines. Different problems have different requirements. In the process of solving problems, students should first pay attention to the examination of questions and find out the teacher's assessment intention for each question; Secondly, we should learn to distinguish between opposing concepts and similar concepts, and understand whether the relationship between concepts is parallel, progressive or inclusive; Then, we should know the special meaning and correct writing of biological symbols; Finally, we should have the ability of analysis, induction, logical reasoning and practical application, and be able to draw inferences from others.

In the process of learning biology, students should not only increase their knowledge and be familiar with theories, but also cultivate their practical ability, strengthen their awareness of science and technology and cultivate their creative thinking ability. First of all, we should improve our hands-on operation ability, make clear the main purpose of the experiment, standardize the operation requirements of the experiment and understand the whole process of the experiment; Secondly, we should learn how to combine knowledge and theory with practice and life to make our knowledge and theory richer, more solid and more comprehensive; Then, have a good sense of science and technology. With the rapid development of biotechnology in the world, many new contents have flooded into the examination questions, such as genetic engineering, cloning technology, genetically modified organisms, environmental eutrophication and so on. Therefore, students are required to master basic knowledge and basic theory, and at the same time, they can care about current events and understand the development trend of science and technology. Finally, students must often carry out divergent thinking and creative thinking training, try to link one phenomenon with another, transfer another knowledge from one knowledge, make their knowledge and theory systematic and three-dimensional, and improve their biological quality in an all-round way.

Introduction of biological learning methods

I mainly introduce two methods, one is induction and the other is problem solving.

First of all, induction, which is my most admired method. Because I spent a lot of time in the competition in the third year of high school, I didn't systematically review according to the teacher's progress, but knowledge induction helped me systematically sort out my knowledge and ideas, effectively improved the review efficiency and achieved better review results. My biological knowledge induction includes basic knowledge induction, exercise induction and special knowledge point induction.

The induction of basic knowledge is to list all the knowledge points in the book in an orderly way, explain the meaning of each term, list the types or branches it contains, and clearly mark the connections between knowledge points. This kind of knowledge induction can help you understand and master the knowledge of textbooks accurately. When doing this induction, you can refer to the induction in some reference books, such as the induction in optimization design, which is very good. You can use it as a basic framework and add more concrete things, especially the examples in the book. When I was a sophomore, I did all the induction. Shortly after the third year of high school, I supplemented the framework given by it in the optimization design.

What is the most important significance of this induction? The most important meaning is to help you read the textbook thoroughly. This basic knowledge induction only copies the main points and examples in the book together, but in this process, you have to turn over the books and turn over several books together, so that you can compare different expressions of the same knowledge point and help you understand this knowledge point more thoroughly; If you want to make a more complete and beautiful knowledge induction, you must know which knowledge points to put in which position, which requires you to understand the relationship between the knowledge points. This process will help you better master these knowledge points and clear your mind. Copy it again at last, it will be very impressive. Therefore, the greatest use of knowledge induction is to help you get familiar with the textbook and master the knowledge points in the process of doing it, and then read it. Textbooks are the most fundamental, and everyone must see through the three textbooks.

Exercise induction is to put wrong questions, good questions and classic questions together, and then write down the key points of each question, such as a certain knowledge point or a certain method or skill. If it is wrong, write down the reason for the mistake, especially the omission of any knowledge point. If you have enough time, you can copy the topic in your notebook, but if you don't have that much time, you can make a mark next to that topic and write down the "key to the topic" I just said. Just look carefully before the exam.

On the basis of the above two kinds of induction, I will do two kinds of induction, namely the induction of special knowledge points. I will copy down some knowledge points or examples that are not well mastered, easily forgotten, easily confused, difficult to understand, representative and special in basic knowledge, and also copy down common, error-prone, frequently tested and special knowledge points in exercise induction, thus forming the induction of special knowledge points. Usually after listening to the class and doing exercises, the focus is on the induction of basic knowledge points and exercises. When preparing for the exam, you should read the book first, then read the knowledge induction again, and remember the key points while reading it-that is, do the special knowledge induction, and finally only look at the special knowledge induction. If time permits, mark the ones you can't remember while watching. At the end of the day, just look at the marked ones. So you can go through all the knowledge points. Just take a look at what you know, because this knowledge is already in your heart; And those who are not sure, copied it several times, watched it several times, and were also attacked, so they can be confident when they go to the examination room. Two weeks before the college entrance examination, I spent a week reading the book carefully from beginning to end and made a special knowledge induction. Then I read the special knowledge induction and exercise induction the next week (I read the paper).

Then talk about doing the problem.

Selection of exercises: mainly do a good job in the papers issued by the teacher, and you can have one or two more.

(according to your own ability, the difficulty can be slightly greater)

Commonly used: optimized design, Huanggang test center, error-prone collection, Longmen bookstore (experiment! )

Key points:

Do more

Exquisite works (college entrance examination questions, experimental design questions, classic experimental questions)

Answer the short answer questions carefully, and remember them better (mainly the matters needing attention in practice expression and experimental design).

give rise to

Remember the questions you have done. Don't act like you haven't done it.

Discuss with classmates and teachers after class.

Listen to the teacher in class

Have a good preview

I remember that there were some special examples in class, which I didn't notice or understand when I was previewing.

Pay attention to whether you have done it correctly when you talk about the paper, and mainly write down some technical things and the test sites of each question.

Ask questions in time

The above is the method of reviewing for the exam, not knowledge input, so how should we extract knowledge during the exam? I think, first of all, I want to make sure that I understand every knowledge point. When I encounter a problem, all I have to do is extract the answer from my brain. When you see a topic, first grasp what knowledge point the topic is about, and then use this knowledge point as a keyword to search for several related knowledge points, just like searching for information on the Internet; The answers to simple questions can be found out at once, while complex questions need to choose the most suitable knowledge point among the searched knowledge points or search out all the suitable knowledge points. The latter method is particularly important in biology examination, because biology is characterized by strong connection. The connection of various shapes and functions of organisms determines the connection of various knowledge points we have learned, and also determines that the answer to the question is comprehensive. There are many multiple-choice questions and short-answer questions in biology papers, and the key to getting high marks is to fully reflect the connection. Solid basic knowledge, perfect knowledge structure and open and flexible thinking are the basis for learning this course well and getting good grades.

I think the learning methods and problem-solving skills introduced above are not only suitable for learning biology, but also for learning other subjects. Of course, we should constantly improve according to the characteristics of various disciplines. My learning methods, such as knowledge induction, need to spend a lot of time and energy. I am not very clever, so I must use more diligence to gain more knowledge. Diligence and dedication are what everyone who studies must do.