1. Analysis on the causes of campus laboratory fire
The investigation results show that 2 1% of school laboratory fires are caused by electrical equipment; 20% of fires are caused by improper use of combustible solvents, 13% of fires are caused by various explosion accidents, 7% of fires are caused by combustible gases, and 6% are caused by natural factors. Among them, 71%of the fire accidents were caused by careless work and misoperation of laboratory staff; Because there is no necessary fire extinguishing equipment, it is impossible to put out the fire source in time, which accounts for 89% in major disasters. Therefore, the factors leading to the fire accident in the school laboratory mainly exist in the following aspects: 1) The rules and regulations on safety and fire prevention are not perfect.
At present, due to the lack of fire safety awareness in many schools, the fire prevention work in the laboratory only stays at the oral level, and the corresponding fire safety system is not formulated, or it is not perfect and strict enough, and the laboratory staff is strictly constrained, resulting in the lack of rules and regulations for the staff.
2) The power cord is aging and the power consumption is overloaded.
Some laboratories have been used for a long time, and the electrical wiring in the laboratory is seriously aging. With the expansion of colleges and universities in recent years, many colleges and universities have merged their own laboratories due to the limitation of basic conditions. The phenomenon of randomly pulling wires and misplacing instruments and equipment is widespread, which leads to serious overload of laboratory electricity. When the electricity consumption increases sharply, it is easy to cause electrical circuit failure, which in turn leads to fire.
3) Dangerous goods management is not standardized.
According to the needs, there are generally some inflammable and explosive drugs in the laboratory, and the management of these dangerous goods is directly related to the fire safety of the laboratory. At present, the management of dangerous goods in some university laboratories is very irregular, the storage of experimental dangerous goods is unreasonable, and there is a phenomenon of mixing and misplacing, and there is no classified storage. Some of the dangerous goods left after use are not recycled strictly according to the safety operation rules, and even the reagent library is used as a laboratory, which is very likely to cause fire accidents.
4) Employees don't follow the safety operation procedures.
Strictly observing the safety operation rules is an important prerequisite to ensure the fire safety of the laboratory. However, some laboratory staff did not strictly abide by the operating rules due to mental paralysis, which led to fire accidents. In some university laboratories that need to work continuously all day, experimenters should attach great importance to fire safety and strictly abide by the safety operation rules.
5) Inadequate fire control facilities and equipment configuration.
The survey found that more than 95% of the laboratories in colleges and universities have the problems of insufficient fire-fighting facilities and equipment configuration, including insufficient quantity, insufficient types, insufficient intact efficiency and so on. For example, the number of fire extinguishers is small, or there is no fire blanket, or the type of fire extinguishers configured does not meet the requirements. Although some laboratories are equipped with necessary fire-fighting facilities and equipment, due to the lack of regular maintenance, some fire-fighting facilities and equipment are damaged, which reduces the fire-fighting efficiency or does not play a role at all. What's more, some laboratories are not equipped with even the most basic fire-fighting facilities and equipment, and it is impossible to guarantee the fire safety of the laboratories. Once a fire breaks out, it will easily lead to the spread and expansion of the fire.
6) The use of instruments and equipment is not standardized.
In some colleges and universities, because there are not enough rooms, there is no special laboratory, and the laboratory is often shared with other teaching rooms, so many experimental instruments are often moved, which is easy to damage the experimental equipment, leading to the leakage of flammable and explosive gases or other combustible substances used or generated in the experimental process, and it is easy to burn or explode when the environment reaches certain conditions.
2. What should I do if the lab is on fire?
1. According to the flammable and explosive experimental reagents used in the laboratory project, the corresponding fire extinguishing equipment is equipped and corresponding fire prevention measures are formulated. Once a fire breaks out, it can be put out quickly. 2. Quickly transfer indoor inflammable and explosive articles to a safe area;
3. Quickly evacuate the fire personnel to the outdoor;
3. How to escape and save yourself when the laboratory is on fire?
1. Use the evacuation passage to escape. Each building is equipped with indoor stairs and outdoor stairs according to regulations, and some buildings are also equipped with escalators and fire elevators. After the fire, especially at the beginning of the fire, these are effective escape methods. Hold on to the handrail when you go downstairs to avoid being knocked down and trampled by the crowd.
2. Homemade escape equipment
After a building fire, there are many sources of articles that can be used to escape, so learn to use them randomly. For example, covering your nose and mouth with towels and masks can be used as anti-smoking tools; Use the connection of rope, cloth, sheets, carpets and curtains to open up escape routes; Use all kinds of labor protection articles, such as helmets, motorcycle helmets, work clothes, etc. As a shelter to avoid burns and injuries caused by falling objects.
3. Use the existing facilities in the building to escape
In case of fire, if the above two methods can't escape, you can use the downpipe, protruding parts inside and outside the house, doors and windows, lightning wires (nets) on the building to escape, or move to a safe area. When using this method, we should be bold and careful, otherwise it is easy to cause casualties:
Look for shelter.
4. Fire prevention in campus laboratories
(1) The chemical laboratory shall be a class I and II fire-resistant building, with laboratories emitting flammable and explosive vapors and combustible gases, and the electrical equipment shall meet the explosion-proof requirements. (2) When the building area of the laboratory is more than 3om^2, there should be one or two safety exits.
(3) A small amount of flammable hazardous chemicals left over or commonly used in laboratory experiments, when the total amount does not exceed 5kg, should be placed in a metal cabinet and kept by special personnel. When it exceeds 5kg, it should not be stored in the laboratory.
(4) It is forbidden to use electric heating appliances without insulating base.
(5) Curtains must be set in rooms with direct sunlight; Where the sun shines, don't put things that evaporate when heated.
(6) For materials with unknown or unknown experimental properties, small-scale tests should be carried out first, starting from the minimum amount, and safety measures should be taken at the same time to prepare for fire fighting and explosion prevention.
(7) During the experiment, when combustible gas is used as fuel, the installation and use of its equipment shall meet the relevant fire safety requirements.
(8) Once any chemical is put into the container, it must be labeled immediately. If any abnormality or doubt is found, it should be checked, verified or inquired by the keeper, and it is not allowed to throw it around at will. Toxic substances should be stored centrally or kept by designated personnel.
(9) Within the experimental platform, no chemicals irrelevant to the experimental work, especially containers containing concentrated acid or inflammable and explosive articles, shall be placed.
(10) When a large number of flammable and combustible liquids (except electrolytes such as alcohol and acid) are filled into the container, anti-static measures should be taken.
(165438+ Hydrogen, oxygen and acetylene cannot be mixed in one place.
(12) The circuits temporarily used for experiments in the laboratory shall meet the safety requirements. Electric heaters, electric ovens and other equipment must be powered off. It is forbidden to store conflicting items and flammable liquids with low flash point in the refrigerator.
(13) It is necessary to establish and improve the safety operation rules for various chemical experiments such as distillation, reflux, extraction and electrolysis, and the rules for the storage and use of chemicals, and educate students to strictly abide by them.
(14) Prepare for fire fighting and equip with portable fire fighting equipment.
In a word, we must strictly abide by various management regulations when doing teaching experiments in schools. Carefully check the power supply, pipelines, fire sources, auxiliary instruments and equipment, etc. , and clean it carefully after use. Be sure to send the remaining chemical reagents to the designated place for storage to prevent fire!