Since the founding of New China, education in Ningxia has made great progress, and the cultural quality of the population has been greatly improved. According to the data of the fifth census, there are 207,500 people with college education in the whole region, accounting for 4.11%; 2175,900 people have received junior high school education, accounting for 43.1%; 1, 7845438+0,000 people have received primary education, accounting for 35.34%; There are 632,300 illiterate people (people aged 65,438+05 and above who can't read much). The education level of population in different regions varies greatly, with Sichuan higher than mountainous areas and cities higher than rural areas.
Ningxia is the largest settlement of Hui people in China, and the Hui population accounts for about 1/3 of the total population of the autonomous region and 1/5 of the national Hui population. Hui people are mainly distributed in Guyuan and Wuzhong, and their Hui population accounts for more than 80% of the Hui population in Ningxia.
The population of Ningxia is mainly distributed in the north, followed by the south and the middle. The population densities of Yinchuan, Shizuishan, Guyuan and Wuzhong are 260.5, 65, 438+050.4, 65, 438+065, 438+00. 1 and 65.9 respectively. Shizuishan City has the highest population density, reaching 60 1.6 people /km2, while Yanchi County has the lowest population density, only 22.5 people /km2.
Population situation in Ningxia in 2005: According to the sampling survey of population changes, there were 94,300 people born in Ningxia in 2005, and the birth rate was 15.93‰, up by 0.04‰ over the previous year. The death population was 29,300, with a population mortality rate of 4.95 ‰; The natural population growth rate is 10.98‰, with a net increase of 65,000 people in the whole year and a total population of 5.962 million at the end of the year.
By the end of 2005, the number of urban and rural employees in the whole region was 2,996,438+10,000, an increase of 1 10,000, or 0.54%. The number of employees in urban units was 574,400, a net decrease of 1.40, or a decrease of 1.78% compared with the end of last year. From the perspective of economic types, there are 373,900 employees in state-owned units, an increase of 0.23 million over the previous year; The number of employees in collective units is 65,438+300,000, a decrease of 470,000; The number of employees in other economic units was 6.5438+0.875 million, a decrease of 0.8 million over the previous year. There were 279,600 urban private enterprises and individual employees, an increase of 2,600 over the end of last year. Rural practitioners has 2119,800 people, an increase of 20,800 people over the end of last year. In 2005, 55,000 registered unemployed people in the whole region achieved employment and reemployment through counseling, an increase of 12.24% over the previous year. At the end of the year, there were 44,000 registered unemployed people in cities and towns, and the registered unemployment rate was 4.5%. (Excerpted from Statistical Bulletin of National Economic and Social Development of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Bureau of Statistics in 2005)
In 2008, the permanent population and floating population in Ningxia exceeded 665,438+10,000.
Ningxia lives in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, with Helan Mountain in the north and Liupanshan Mountain in the south. The Yellow River runs through the whole north. It has a long history and culture. It is known as "Jiangnan" in ancient and modern times. Ningxia is one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization.
Named after Xixia Anning. Tang belongs to Guan Neidao; Song belongs to Xixia; After the Yuan Dynasty destroyed Xixia, Xixia Province was established in the old place, and it was soon changed to Ningxia Province, which ruled Ningxia Road. This was the beginning of Ningxia's name. Later, it was changed to Gansu Province and moved to Ganzhou Road. Ming belongs to Shaanxi Province and changed Ningxia Road to Ningxia Wei; The Qing Dynasty changed to Ningxia Prefecture, which was subordinate to Gansu Province and set up Ningxia General; In the early years of the Republic of China, the military ambassador of Ningxia was located in Gansu, followed by Ningxia Province; After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was revoked and merged into Gansu Province, and then Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was established. The name of the area has not changed so far.
From Western Zhou Dynasty to Qin Dynasty:
The capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty is Gaoyu (now the west of Xi City), and the ruling center is in Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province, so its northern region, including Hetao, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shaanxi and northern Shaanxi, is called Shuofang. During the Spring and Autumn Period, today's Guyuan area was occupied by Wu Shi Rong, and today's area centered on Yanchi is Rong's sphere of influence. During the Warring States Period, King Huiwen of Qin captured Wu Rong's land and placed Wushi County (now the north bank of Nanjingshui in Guyuan County) under the jurisdiction of today's Guyuan area. Later, in Yanchi County, Kanyan County was established to manage today's Yin Nan area. After the thirty-fifth year of Qin Dynasty (AD 272), the two counties were placed under the jurisdiction of North County, which was the beginning of the administrative system in Ningxia.
During the Qin Dynasty, Ningxia was a northern county, and the county governed Ning County in Gansu Province. The Han Dynasty belongs to the Shuofang History Department. In the Western Han Dynasty, Beidi County was under the jurisdiction of Huan County, Gansu Province. Guyuan is located in Anding County. Ningxia belongs to Beidi County and Anding County. The Eastern Han Dynasty moved Anding County to zhenyuan county, Gansu Province, and the Northern County to the southwest of Litong District, Wuzhong City.
From Tang Dynasty to Ming and Qing Dynasties:
During the Tang Dynasty, Ningxia belonged to Guannei Road, including Yuanzhou, Lingzhou, Xi Hui, Anle, Xiongzhou and Policeman.
In the Northern Song Dynasty, Ningxia belonged to Qingfeng Road, and the northern part of Ningxia was occupied by Li and Dangxiang. The Northern Song Dynasty only controlled the southern part of Ningxia, and the southern part of Ningxia was changed to Jingyuan Road.
In the Yuan Dynasty, Xixia Zhongxing was established in Ningxia.
In A.D. 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, destroyed the Yuan Dynasty and established the Ming Dynasty. But it was not until 1372 that Ningxia was completely occupied. The government was established in Ningxia in the early Ming Dynasty. Ningxia Zuo Tunwei, Zhong Tunwei and avant-garde, central defender and defender were added. Later, Ningxia Town and Guyuan Town were set up, and nine defense zones were set up along the Great Wall, called Nine Towns, which was the second important border town in the Ming Dynasty.
In the early Qing Dynasty, a governor was set up in Ningxia, who was the chief secretary of Shaanxi Province, under the Health Department, and Ningxia was the quasi-province. Retreat, change the Ningxia government, set up a county, and belong to Gansu, but promote the Ningxia company commander as the prefect and add the Ningxia general government, without losing the provincial pattern.
During the Republic of China:
1965438+2002 1 month 1, the Republic of China was founded and the government was changed to Taoism. Because Shuo Fang is on the right, it is changed to Shuo Fang Road. 19 13 Change back to Ningxia Road.
1928 10 10/7, the central government of the Republic of China decided to establish Ningxia province at its159th meeting. The whole province covers an area of about 2749 10 square kilometers.
1929, Ningxia was established as a province. It governs eight counties in Shuofang, including Alashan and Ergun. Dengkou in Alashan Bage has also been designated as Dengkou County.
1933 1 month, Ma Hongkui was appointed chairman of Ningxia province by Chiang Kai-shek, and Ma Hongkui was in charge of Ningxia. 1September 1933, the eastern part of Zhongwei County was designated as Zhongning County, and in April of 194 1 year, Ningxia and Ningshuo counties were designated as Yongning County, Pingluo County was increased to Huinong County and Tao Le County in the north, and Ningxia County was renamed as Helan County. In June, 1945, Wuzhong Town belonging to Lingwu County was changed to Wuzhong County. Nine counties in Liner Banner of New Ningxia: Alashan Banner and Aghina Banner; Ningxia County, Ningshuo County, Pingluo County, Zhongwei County, Lingwu County, Jinji County, Yanchi County, Zhenwu County (later changed to Wang Yu County, later changed to Tongxin County) and Dengkou County. Three administrations, Xiangshan, Juyan and Huzi, were added, and Yinchuan 1944 was added in April. Yinchuan is the capital of 1947 Ningxia. From then on to the eve of liberation, there were 13 counties, 1 city and 3 administrative offices in the whole province.
People's Republic of China (PRC) (China) period:
1September 3, 949, Ningxia was liberated. In the same year, Ningxia was established as a province on February 23, 65438, and its original name was followed. Ejina Banner is managed by Jiuquan District, Gansu Province, and Ningxia Provincial People's Government was established in the same year125/0. 1949101On October 23rd, the CPC Ningxia Provincial Committee decided to set up the Alashan Banner Working Committee in the Communist Party of China (CPC). At the same time, three battalions of the Trilateral Army Division were transferred to Dingyuan Camp.
1950,65438+ 10 established Wuzhong, changed to Wuzhong Town in May, and resumed Wuzhong in 65438+10. On May 25th, the Gansu Provincial People's Government decided to transfer Xiji County and Haiyuan County, which were originally assigned to the Western District, to Pingliang District.
In May, 1952, one of the four districts and six districts of Yongning County and four districts of Helan County was assigned to Yinchuan City. /kloc-In August of 0/5, Dingyuanying, the capital of Aqi, was named "Bayinhaote" in order to promote national unity, and it was approved by the central authorities in August of 0/6.
1953165438+1On October 27th, Gansu Provincial People's Government informed that1October 29th, Xihaigu Hui Autonomous Region was formally established, and on April 29th, the preparatory committee of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region "Jin, Ling, Wu and Tong" was established in Wuzhong. On April 4th, Ningxia Provincial Government approved the establishment of Baofeng Hui Autonomous Region and Lingsha Hui Autonomous Region in Huinong County. In May, Shuaiyishan Township (formerly four districts and six townships) in Zhongning County was placed under the jurisdiction of Tongxin County. In July, the Preparatory Committee of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of Jin, Ling, Wu and Tong was renamed as the Preparatory Committee of Ningxia Hedong Hui Autonomous Region.
On April 2 1 and 1954, Hedong Hui Autonomous Region in Ningxia was formally established, which governs Wuzhong, Jinji, Lingwu and Tongxin counties. On July 1954 and 14, Yinchuan was merged from six districts into four districts with the approval of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. 1September, 954, the organizational system of Ningxia Province was abolished and merged into Gansu Province. 1954165438+10. On October 3rd, after Ningxia Province was cancelled and merged into Gansu Province, the original administrative divisions of Hedong Hui Autonomous Region and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region remained unchanged, and Yinchuan area was newly established. 1954 1 1 With the approval of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the People's Government of Huinong County moved from Baofeng City to Huangqu Bridge.
1On April 28th, 955, Hedong Hui Autonomous Region of Gansu Province was renamed Wuzhong Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province, which administered Jinji County, Lingwu County and Tongxin County and entrusted Yanchi County. 65438+February 1, the State Council approved Yanchi County to be officially placed under the jurisdiction of Wuzhong Hui Autonomous Prefecture. 1955165438+1October 18. With the approval of the State Council, Xihaigu Hui Autonomous Region was renamed Guyuan Hui Autonomous Prefecture.
1957 07 15 the fourth session of the first national people's congress passed a resolution to establish Ningxia hui autonomous region on the basis of the former administrative region of Ningxia province.
1On September 4th, 958, the Working Committee of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region approved the establishment of Gantang Town in Zhongwei County, which is one of the earliest towns in the autonomous region. On September 25th, the CPC Ningxia Working Committee approved that all Yonghua Township in Yongning County, some areas in Yangxian Township, all Luhua Township in Helan County and most of Su Yu Township (including all Helan Ranch) were placed under the jurisdiction of Yinchuan City. 10 year 10 On October 25th, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was formally established. The autonomous region governs Yinchuan, Wuzhong, Zhongwei, Zhongning, Tongxin, Lingwu, Yanchi, Jinji, Guyuan, Xiji, Haiyuan, Longde and Jingyuan, 1 region and 17 county. The total area is about 66,400 square kilometers.
From 65438 to 0969, Alashan Zuo Qi under the jurisdiction of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was placed under the jurisdiction of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Autonomous region has jurisdiction over two cities, 1 region, 1 flag and 16 county, and the city has jurisdiction over two county-level districts. The area of the autonomous region has increased from 66,400 square kilometers to more than 6,543,800 square kilometers.
1970 Guyuan area was changed to Guyuan area.
1979 On May 30th, the State Council approved Alashan Zuo Qi to be placed under the jurisdiction of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (officially transferred back on July 1 day). Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region has two prefecture-level cities (Yinchuan and Shizuishan), two regions (Yin Nan and Guyuan), 16 counties and seven county-level districts.
1980 65438+ 10 1, the "Revolutionary Committee" was abolished, and the standing committees of people's governments at all levels and people's congresses were established. The name of "township" was gradually replaced by the name of "people's commune".
On July 7th, 20001year, the State Council approved the cancellation of Guyuan District and Guyuan County, and established Guyuan City and Yuanzhou District at the prefecture level.
On June 65438+1October 65438+1October 9, 2002, the urban area, new urban area and suburb of Yinchuan were abolished, and xingqing district, Xixia District and jinfeng district of Yinchuan City were established respectively; Cancel Shitan Scenic Area in Shizuishan City. On October 25th, 65438/kloc-0, Lingwu City was changed from Wuzhong to Yinchuan. Hongsibao Development Zone belongs to Wuzhong.
On June 22, 2009, the State Council officially approved the establishment of Hongsibao District in wuzhong, with the administrative areas of Hongsibao Town, Taiyangshan Town, Dahe Township and Nanchuan Township in wuzhong as the administrative areas, and the district people's government located in Hongsibao Town.
Famous scenic spots:
1, Xixia mausoleum
Xixia Mausoleum National AAAA Scenic Spot, located in Xixia District, Yinchuan City, is the most densely populated place in China Imperial Mausoleum, and is known as the "Oriental Pyramid" by the world. There are nine emperors' tombs and 140 tombs of princes and ministers. Xixia Mausoleum not only absorbed the advantages of imperial mausoleums since Qin and Han Dynasties, especially since Tang and Song Dynasties, but also was influenced by Buddhist architecture, organically combining Han culture, Buddhist culture and Tangut national culture, forming a unique cemetery architectural form in China. Xixia Mausoleum is large in scale and reasonable in layout. Each mausoleum consists of Quetai, Shen Qiang, North Pavilion, Turret, Moon City, Inner City, Fairy Hall and Lingtai.
2. Shapotou in Zhongwei
The first batch of national AAAAA scenic spots, located in the hinterland of Tengger Desert in Zhongwei shapotou district, are famous desert tourist areas with strong western characteristics. Mountains, Yellow River, desert, Great Wall and oasis gather here, forming a unique natural geography and human landscape. The flowing Yellow River, endless desert, magical desert grassland, desolate Ming Great Wall and magnificent ancient waterwheel have attracted many tourists. Here, you can ride a camel to wander the sand sea, float on the ancient sheepskin raft and enjoy the strange scenery of desert solitary smoke and long river sunset at close range.
3. Pinrosha Lake
Husha Lake is located in Pingluo County, Shizuishan City, the first batch of AAAAA scenic spots in China, 56 kilometers away from Yinchuan City. Husha Lake has 10,000 mu of water, 5,000 mu of sand dunes and 2,000 mu of reeds. Husha Lake is rich in fish and birds. There are thousands of birds living here, which is a wonder of nature. Husha Lake is rich in fish, not only carp, silver carp, bighead carp, bighead carp, crucian carp, but also Wuchang fish, giant salamander and other rare fish in the north. In the restaurant of Husha Lake, there is a fish banquet to cook live fish produced in Husha Lake. Helan Mountain in the west of the lake stands tall and is reflected in the lake.
4. Liupanshan Scenic Area
Located in the south of Ningxia, Liupanshan National Nature Reserve is a combination of northern nomadic culture and Central Plains culture, with many cultural relics and rich natural resources. Dense forests, good vegetation and biodiversity make Liupanshan an an ideal place for leisure, summer vacation, forest exploration, scientific research and teaching practice; There are more than 60 scenic spots in the reserve, including Laolongtan, Er'long River, Gate of Hell, Liangdian Gorge, Lotus Pond and Baiyun Mountain. There are Guyuan Ancient City, Qin Changcheng in Warring States and Wang Fu in Anxi in the middle of the reserve. The northern part is Danxia landform centered on Xumishan Grottoes.
5. Zhongwei Gaomiao
Located in shapotou district, Zhongwei, it was built in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty (1403- 1424) and has become a large-scale ancient architectural complex in Qing Dynasty. Gaosi is a temple with three religions in one. There are not only buddhas and bodhisattvas here, but also statues of the Jade Emperor, the Virgin, Wenchang and Guan Gong. There are also three religions in the temple: Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism. There is a security hall in front of the temple, with the gate facing south and wings on both sides. In front of it is the Ursa Major Hall, which rests on the top of the mountain with a single eaves. Behind the temple is a high hall with 24 steps, which goes up the stairs, past the archway, the worse gate and the heavy building, and finally the three-story wuyue, Jade Emperor and Notre Dame Hall. These main buildings are all on the same central axis, connected layer by layer, showing a trend of increasing gradually. On both sides of the main building of Gaomiao, there are affiliated halls such as Bell Tower, Drum Tower, Wenlou, Wulou, Lingguan Hall and Dizang Hall, which are compact in structure and magnificent in momentum. It is strange that Gao Temple is a temple with three religions in one. There is a couplet on the brick archway of the temple: "Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are all here"; "The self-creation and self-transformation of heaven, earth and human beings are all here." The horizontal approval is: "Supreme Law Bridge". There are not only buddhas and bodhisattvas in the temple, but also the Jade Emperor, the Virgin, Wenchang and Guan Gong. Idols of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism gather together. The important buildings of Gaomiao Building are all located on a central axis, and the main building and the auxiliary building are connected by a flying bridge, which is changeable. The whole building complex is famous for its exquisite halls, eaves-pecking and teeth-fighting, high wing angles and curved corridors, and enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad. The uniqueness of the high temple lies not only in its perfect shape, but also in its integration of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, with a total of 174 statues, which are extremely vivid and exquisite. Gaomiao Hell is one of the four ghost towns in China. Entering the underworld is both exciting and thrilling.
The main building of the temple is located on a central axis. Layer upon layer, increasing gradually; Auxiliary buildings are located on both sides, balanced and symmetrical. On a platform of just over 2,000 square meters, nearly 100 temples of various types and styles, such as Nine Ridges, Four Corners, Cross Mountain and General Helmets, have been built. The whole building complex is a masterpiece of ancient buildings in Ningxia, with overlapping pavilions and corridors, cornices and walls, and twists and turns.
6. Huoshizhai
Located in Xiji County, Guyuan City, it is named Huoshizhai because its mountain is dark red, especially under the shade of green trees, like a burning flame cloud. Every spring and summer, the mountains are full of flowers and plants, colorful and full of vitality. Among the sparse trees, there are also clusters of arrows, which add a little beauty to the landscape in the north. There are many towering peaks, large and small, in Fiona Fang Huoshi Village, within a hundred miles of Fiona Fang, among which the famous ones are Saozhuling, Shi Si and Zhaobi Mountain, especially the natural stone city. Huoshi Village not only has charming natural landscape, but also has dozens of grotto buildings, which are in the same strain as Xumishan Grottoes.
Zen Temple Grottoes are located in Zen Kiln Village, Huozhai Township, Xiji County. Because it is connected with Xumishan Mountain in Guyuan County, it is also called "Xumishan Temple", which is a holy place for the spread of Zen in Tang Dynasty.
The grottoes are carved on a pinnacle-shaped stone peak, which is about 120 meters high, like a spear piercing the sky, and its wall hangs in the air, which is strange and unusual. If you climb to the top of the mountain, clouds will float under your feet. There are 10 caves in the east and west of Shifeng, and there are still murals and stone carvings. Among them, the largest cave is rectangular and flat-topped, with a distance of15m from the summit, and three clay sculptures are provided by local residents. There is a grotto in the lower half of the stone peak, which is15m deep, 4m wide and 5m high, and can accommodate more than 100 people. The strange peaks and rocks around the main peak of the grottoes are either soaring or sinking into the valley, with different shapes.
7. broom ridge grottoes
Shifeng Formation, located at 0/5km north of Xiji County and 5 km south of Huoshizhai Township, is named after a broom-like bamboo growing on the mountain, also known as "Yuntai Mountain" and "West Wudang Mountain".
The trees here are lush and the water is refreshing, especially the grotesque and towering stone mountains, which give people the feeling of "Guilin landscape". This mountain peak is graceful. There are cliffs around the main peak of the broom ridge, but there are people chiseling stone steps to climb in the northeast corner, and the magical natural landscape is integrated with the humanistic buildings on the mountain. More than 30 caves, such as Jade Emperor Pavilion, Giant Buddha Hall, Bodhisattva Hall, Niuwang Hall and Wanshou Palace, are distributed on the stone wall about 330 meters long from east to west, and most of them are rectangular flat-topped circular domes. The rectangular Buddha Hall is 9 meters deep, 6. 1 m wide and 5.45 meters high. Most of the statues in the grottoes have been destroyed, and there are still stone carvings, shrines and murals. There are four relatively complete stone statues, the largest of which is a standing Buddha statue with a height of 4.8 meters and a belly circumference of 4.4 meters. There are also three bronze Buddha statues in the grottoes, one of which was made by Emperor Tuoba Tao of the Northern Wei Dynasty (424 -452). The second is the gilded bronze statue of Sakyamuni in Song Dynasty, which is 46 cm high and weighs 18 kg. There is no historical data on when the broom ridge grottoes were dug. If the bronze Buddha statue is not a fake, it is speculated that it was probably dug during the Northern Wei Dynasty. Huoshizhai "Danxia Landform" is located in Huoshizhai Township in the northwest of Xiji County, with a length of 17km from north to south and a width of 10km from east to west. It has been approved by the autonomous region as a "Danxia landform" nature reserve. The nature reserve is 0/0 km away from Xiji County/Kloc-0, and the red and purple cliffs, peaks, ridges and strange rocks on the Loess Plateau are spectacular and beautiful. Because the red sandstone is exposed, the locals call it flint village.
"Danxia landform" originated from Danxia Mountain in Renhua, northern Guangdong. It is a special landform composed of thick red sandstone, conglomerate and other red rocks, which is formed by external forces such as crustal uplift, erosion and dissolution by running water, weathering and peeling, collapse and retreat. Danxia landform is unique in the landscape of China, and it is one of the important scenic spots in China.
8. Huoshizhai Cave Group
From the Northern Wei Dynasty to the heyday of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, several grottoes were built on the cliff more than 100 meters high. During this time, I felt refreshed and ecstatic. When introducing Yuntai Mountain, Xiji County Records of the Republic of China said: "The mountain peaks are steep, the caves are deep and dangerous, and the mountains are green and winding." "Every time something unexpected comes, it will be like a cloud first. It's sunny and smoky. The sound of birds and the fragrance of flowers are enough to entertain your eyes. " There are three grottoes here, namely, Saozhuling, Shi Si and Zen Temple, each with its own characteristics. They are an organic combination of natural creation and human wisdom.
9. Chaona Ancient City Site
The site of the ancient city of Na County in Qin and Han Dynasties is located in the west of Pengyang County, Guyuan City15km. Ruhe River is located at the intersection of Ruhe River and Renshan River, in the middle of Pingchuan Triangle on the bank of Hebei Province, bordering Dianwa Reservoir in the east, Chaonaqiu in the west, Luojiashan in the north, surrounded by the peaks of the four fields on all sides, and its shape is only dragon and tiger leaping. There are thousands of hectares of fertile land in the urban area, and the north main canal of Naihe Reservoir passes through the city. The canal is full of water, trees are shaded, butterflies are flying, bees are flying and the scenery is picturesque. The site of Chaona ancient city is a battleground for military strategists in past dynasties, and the Qin and Han dynasties were a strategic place leading to Chang 'an. Now it is a key cultural relics protection unit. Nowadays, the city is full of peach blossoms and willow greens in spring, blue waves like the sea in midsummer, red leaves in autumn and pines in winter. The ancient city of Chaona is dilapidated, simple and vigorous; The newly-built commercial building and quadrangle set each other off; Wide Li Qing highway coexists with off-road roads; The bustling market and quiet farmhouse are unique; The quiet and solemn Dongshan Mosque and the ancient city primary and secondary schools with noisy books are hidden among pines and cypresses, forming a simple and elegant picture.
It can also be written from the national characteristics and habits of Ningxia.