From 65438 to 0925, he went abroad to study, and successively studied at the University of Edinburgh, the University of London, the University of Paris, and the University of Stasbourg, France, and obtained a master's degree and a doctor's degree. /kloc-returned to China in October, 1933, and taught in National Peking University, National Sichuan University, National Wuhan University and National Anhui University successively. Honorary President of Ren Zhonghua National Aesthetic Society. Member of the Standing Committee of China People's Political Consultative Conference, Central Committee of NLD, President and Honorary President of China Aesthetic Society, Consultant of Chinese Writers Association, Member of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. In 1930s and 1940s, Zhu Guangqian believed that in the aesthetic experience, the mind is only an intuition, and the object presented to the mind is only an image. Therefore, aesthetic attitude is different from scientific attitude and practical attitude. Does not involve concepts, practicality, etc. Instead, focus on appreciating an isolated and insulated image.
After liberation, Zhu Guangqian systematically contacted Marxism. After criticizing my previous idealistic aesthetic thought, I put forward the aesthetic view that beauty is the dialectical unity of subjective and objective, and think that beauty must be based on objective things, and subjective ideology or interest can make things become the image of things, and then become beauty. He also enriched and developed his own aesthetic thoughts with the practical viewpoint of Marxist aesthetics (that is, taking subjectivity as the subject of practitioners and thinking that the objective world and subjectivity can be unified in practice), and formed an influential aesthetic school. The History of Western Aesthetics is the most important work published by Zhu Guangqian after liberation, and it is also the first aesthetic history work written by China scholars. It represents the level of China's research on western aesthetic thoughts, and has a pioneering academic value. After 1950, he put forward the theory of the unity of subject and object, arguing that beauty must be based on objective things, in addition to the role of subjective ideology or interest, so that things become the image of things, and then produce beauty.
In 1960s, he emphasized the practical viewpoint of Marxism, took subjectivity as the main body of practice, and thought that the objective world and subjective initiative were unified in practice. During the Cultural Revolution, Zhu Guangqian was treated unfairly, but he still studied the original works of Marxism-Leninism seriously and systematically, trying to understand the truth. 1984 Zhu Guangqian was awarded honorary professor by the University of Hong Kong. 1On March 6, 986, Zhu Guangqian died in Beijing at the age of 88. Zhu Guangqian is a first-class professor in Peking University and an academician of China Academy of Social Sciences. He was elected as a member of the Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth China People's Political Consultative Conference, a member of the Standing Committee of the Sixth CPPCC, a member of the Third and Fourth NLD Central Committee, a member of the Joint Committee of China Literary and Art Circles, and an executive director of the China Foreign Literature Society.
literary psychology
Zhu Guangqian mainly compiles Psychology of Literature and Art, Psychology of Tragedy, On Beauty, On Poetry, On Literature, Review of Croce's Philosophy, History of Western Aesthetics, Essays on Aesthetic Criticism, Notes on Aesthetics and Selected Aesthetics. , and successively translated Goethe's Conversation, Plato's Literary Dialogue and G.W.F Zhu Guangqian, who not only wrote a lot, but also had lofty academic spirit and noble academic character. He dared to criticize himself and persistently sought the truth: when he realized that it was "trying to beat around the bush" to study aesthetics under the idealistic system in the past, he began to use more advanced Marxism to guide his research and make his aesthetic thoughts move towards the truth; He opposes aging and rigidity and advocates continuous progress. In order to facilitate the study of Marxism-Leninism, he began to teach himself Russian at the age of 60. Even at the age of 80, he wrote Letters on the United States and Selected Works of Aesthetics, and translated Vico's New Science, the first social science work in modern times. He has been studying and researching all his life.
Zhu Guangqian is proficient in English, French and German, and has translated more than 3 million words of works for decades. Among them, his translation of Hegel 165438+ million-word masterpiece Aesthetics won him a historic high reputation. His other translated works include Eichmann's conversation with Goethe, Lessing's laocoon, Croce's aesthetic principles, Louis Hallap's artistic social roots and Plato's literary dialogue. In addition, through systematic and serious research, he also put forward some valuable suggestions on some translations of Marxist classic works, such as Outline on Feuerbach, Das Kapital and Dialectics of Nature.
Zhu Guangqian is a patriotic intellectual who takes saving the country and rejuvenating the country as his own responsibility. In the long years of old China, although the road was tortuous, he pursued the truth and yearned for the light. In the complicated struggle, he found the right direction and saw the trend of historical development. At the critical moment of the night before liberation, he flatly rejected the threats and inducements of the Kuomintang authorities and resolutely decided to stay in Beijing. In the days of welcoming liberation with the broad masses of the people, he said excitedly: "I am like an orphan who left home, and I have returned to my mother's arms and recovered my youth." After liberation, he unswervingly supported China's leadership, adhered to the socialist road, and treated the Party sincerely. Although he was treated unfairly, his faith in the party and socialism and his determination to serve the motherland and the people never wavered. After the downfall of the Gang of Four, he wholeheartedly supported the line, principles and policies of the Party since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee. He is full of energy and vigor, actively translating famous works, writing manuscripts, giving speeches, guiding graduate students and making unremitting progress in the field of academic research and education. 1March, 983, invited to give a lecture at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. From the beginning, he declared his identity: I am not an official, I am a Marxist. This is his solemn evaluation of his later life.
Zhu Guangqian studied Chinese and Western culture, making the past serve the present. Since the May 4th Movement, he has communicated with western aesthetics and China traditional aesthetics, old idealism aesthetics and Marxist aesthetics, modern aesthetics and contemporary aesthetics in China. He is a "bridge" in China's aesthetic history, spanning ancient and modern times and connecting China and foreign countries. He is also the most famous master of aesthetics in modern and contemporary China, and has won a high international reputation. Guangsheng (l876- 1963), whose real name is Mingfu, lives in Yanghe, Zongyang County. At the end of Qing dynasty, when he was a scholar, he witnessed the corruption of political affairs, the difficulty of state affairs and the depression of people's livelihood. Angry, he resolutely gave up the imperial examination and pursued the democratic revolution. 1902 He was admitted to Jiangnan College of Higher Education, got to know revolutionary Zhao Sheng, carried out democratic revolution propaganda activities, and was sentenced to drop out of school. He returned to his hometown and taught in Tongcheng School and Shi Chong Primary School for five years. After studying in Tokyo, he was closely related to Zhang Taiyan and Chen Duxiu, so he was able to learn from Dr. Sun Yat-sen and join the League.
19 1 1 After finishing his studies, he returned to China and served as the provost of Anhui Provincial Academy of Official Legislation and Politics, and concurrently served as the inspector of Tongcheng School. The following year, he was appointed as the governor of Anhui, appointed as the secretary, and resigned soon. He and Liu Xiping co-founded Anhui Jianghuai University and served as its president. Later, he took part in the anti-Yuan struggle and went into exile in Beijing and Shanghai after his failure. He often writes articles for New Youth, exposing feudal autocracy and propagating democratic ideas.
19 19 When the May 4th Movement broke out, Anqing students gathered and marched to support the patriotic struggle of Beijing students. Mr. Wang warmly supports it. The following year, the principal of the provincial specialized school of political science and law was dismissed by teachers and students for colluding with warlords. Please be promoted to principal. After Sheng took over as the principal, he contacted Li Guangjiong, the principal of the First Normal School of the province, and the principal of Wuhu No.5 Middle School, organized progressives in the education sector, and established the "Anhui Federation of Teachers and Staff", which supported each other with the Provincial Federation of Students and fought against the reactionary warlords entrenched in Anhui. 192 1 On June 2nd, Anhui Student Union organized students to petition the provincial council against the misappropriation of education funds by Governor Ni Sichong, which was brutally suppressed by warlords Ni Daoniang and Ma. Fifty or sixty students were injured, and Jiang, a student of Anhui First Normal College, was stabbed to death with seven knives, causing the "June 2 tragedy in Anhui" that shocked the whole country. When the warlord harmed the students, I heard the news and rushed into the provincial Council without fear of violence, angrily denounced the horse, was tied up by the horse and put in a small building. After being rescued, he immediately contacted people from all walks of life in Anqing to form a "support club for the June 2 tragedy" to mobilize Anqing people to strike, strike and strike again; And electrified the whole country to accuse Ni and Ma of crimes, which won the support of Chi Dian all over the country. When Jiang was buried, he joined the elegiac couplet to express his grief and condolences. He said: "Tianzhu is only high, how can it be like Martyrs Ridge?" The river does not turn, and the long party is a monument. "
1925, the "Five Books" tragedy occurred, and students in Anqing and Wuhu demonstrated to denounce the atrocities committed by Japan and Britain. At that time, the students in the missionary school were indignant and dropped out of school. In order to enable these students to continue their studies, Mr. Wang firmly supports the proposal of party member and Wang Buwen. After consulting with Shen Zixiu and Zhu Yunshan, he decided to raise 6,000 yuan from the donation of the Wushan Massacre Support Association, and set up three middle schools in Anqing and Wuhu, namely Jianhua, Minzhu and Xinmin, to accommodate students who dropped out of missionary schools. In August, Anqing Jianhua Middle School was established and promoted to chairman. 1926 65438+ 10, nine people, including Paisheng, Zhu Yunshan and Shen Zixiu of Guangzhou Kuomintang Central Committee, were executive members of the Kuomintang Anhui Provisional Party Department, and Sheng was elected as the Standing Committee. Sheng insisted on cooperating with our party in his work and confronted the Kuomintang Rightists.
1927, Kuomintang reactionaries headed by Chiang Kai-shek formed the "Party Clearing Committee", openly asked Guangsheng and Guangsheng to take refuge in Hankou and other places, persisted in upholding Dr. Zhongshan's "three major policies", and kept on going forward. 1932, the "December 8th Incident" occurred in Shanghai. The 19th Route Army went to Shanghai to fight, and was promoted to the position of consultant in the office of garrison headquarters, the chief executive of Shanghai Songhu, and launched a bloody battle with the Japanese aggressors. 1938, he came to Wuhan not far from Wan Li to attend the first National Political Council. Later, he went deep into Taoyuan, Ganzhou, Xiushan and other ethnic minority areas in Hunan Province to engage in anti-Japanese and national salvation activities. Later, he came to Jiangjin County, Sichuan Province, and organized the "China Democratic League" with Shen Junru. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Mr. Wang returned to Anhui as the director of Anhui Tongzhi Museum. After liberation, he served as a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, vice chairman of Anhui CPPCC, director of Anhui Provincial Museum of Literature and History, and director of Anhui Provincial Department of Education. Dedicated to the revolution all his life, set up education, regardless of difficulties and obstacles, upright and upright. He died in 1963. Zhou Xinmin (1897— 1979), formerly known as Zhou Jun and alias Zhenfei, was born in Dougang Village, Dahua Township, Lujiang County, Anhui Province (now merged into Leqiao Town). In his early years, he set up Jingcun Middle School in his hometown (later Dougang Middle School in the county, now Dahua Junior High School), and later went to work in other places. He has always been concerned about the secret teaching of school construction and often sends books and teaching AIDS to support the school. In his later years, he often wrote to inquire about the running of the school.
During the May 4th Movement, he actively participated in the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal student patriotic movement and served as the vice chairman of Anhui Student Union. 1 1 went to the graduate school of Meiji University in Japan to study law, and after returning to China, he taught at Anhui Law and Politics College. /kloc-joined China in 0/5 (1926). During the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, he served as the executive member of the Kuomintang (leftist) Anqing Party Department and the alternate executive member and secretary of the Anhui Provincial Party Affairs Supervision Committee, actively implemented the three major policies of "uniting Russia, uniting the Communist Party and agriculture and workers" and made contributions to the great revolutionary movement in Anhui. 16 (1927) On March 20th, Chiang Kai-shek came to Anqing from Jiujiang, and Zhou Xinmin attended the reception. In his impromptu speech, Chiang Kai-shek spread the words of compromise with the northern warlords. At the meeting, Zhou Xinmin denounced his way of answering, and clearly pointed out: "Cooperation is limited, and we cannot collude with rogue politicians. The national revolution will overthrow foreign powers and eradicate domestic warlords. We must never compromise with the warlords. " At the end of the speech, the audience applauded and agreed unanimously. Chiang Kai-shek was furious and left before the final banquet. Zhou was wanted by Chiang Kai-shek for this.
In the mid-1930s, Zhou Xinmin helped Shen Junru and others to set up the Salvation Society in Shanghai, and he was one of the founders of the Salvation Society. Later, he was appointed by China to work underground for a long time, and taught in Hebei Xunzheng College, Shanghai Fazheng College, Fudan University, Yunnan University and Hong Kong Dade College. In the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938), Zhou was ordered by Dong to return to Anhui to work in the People's General Mobilization Conference of the Fifth Theater, and served as the deputy director and director-general of the Organization Department of the General Mobilization Conference Committee of Anhui Province. In March1year, he joined China Democratic League (the predecessor of NLD) in Chongqing, was elected as a member of the NLD Central Committee in 33 years, and moved to Shanghai-Nanjing with NLD headquarters in 35 years. He worked hard to maintain the "October 10th Agreement", implement the CPPCC resolution and develop the NLD organization. In 37 years of the Republic of China, he assisted Mr. Shen Junru to restore the headquarters of NLD and publicly announced his cooperation with China.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as deputy director of the General Office of the Central People's Government, secretary-general the Supreme People's Procuratorate, deputy secretary-general of China People's Political Consultative Conference, deputy mayor of Shenyang, member of the Standing Committee of the NLD Central Committee, organization minister and deputy director of the Institute of Law of China Academy of Sciences. He led a delegation to attend the Fifth Congress of the Hungarian Society of International Law, was a member of the First to Fifth China People's Political Consultative Conference, and was a representative of the First and Second National People's Congress. He struggled for the democratic revolution and socialist construction in China all his life, and made outstanding contributions to the legal system construction and legal research in China. His works include: Roots of Civil Law, Kinship, Property Right, Creditor's Rights, Civil Procedure Law, Lectures on Marriage Law, A Brief History of China Democratic League, etc. 1979 10 died in Beijing.