(A) the principle of selecting and determining the teaching content
At the beginning of the third part, "Determination and arrangement of teaching content", the new syllabus clearly puts forward the principles of selecting and determining teaching content, which can be summarized into three parts: First, it conforms to the nature and tasks of compulsory education and is conducive to improving teaching quality on a large scale. Because compulsory education is the education that every school-age children and adolescents must receive, and its basic task is to make children and adolescents develop well in morality, intelligence and physical education, so the content of mathematics teaching in primary schools should not be too much and the teaching requirements should not be too high. Most students in most schools in China should lay a good foundation in mathematics without heavy burden. The second is to adapt to the development trend of modern science and technology and social needs, and choose what is necessary for daily life and further study. At the same time, it is the most basic mathematical knowledge that students can accept. It is particularly emphasized here that it is very important to adapt to the development trend of modern science and technology, because compulsory education is to lay the foundation for cultivating talents in 2 1 century, and the teaching content it chooses must be guaranteed to be necessary for further study of modern science and technology, so as not to lag behind the development of the situation. For example, with the wide use of modern computing tools, we should simplify the calculation of large numbers and more complicated elementary arithmetic; With the development of science and technology and socialist market economy, the practical application of percentage should be strengthened appropriately. Third, pay attention to the combination of unity and flexibility. The "New Outline" clearly puts forward that "considering the imbalance of development in different regions of China and the different school conditions, while determining the most basic content that must be taught, some selected content should be arranged appropriately." This is an important reform of primary school mathematics, which not only helps most primary school students in our country to master the basic knowledge of mathematics, but also helps to give full play to the enthusiasm of students in schools or classes with better conditions to learn mathematics and lay a better foundation for cultivating talents for modernization.
In addition, when choosing teaching content, we also pay attention to the integrity of compulsory education, so that primary schools and junior high schools can have a division of labor and have a good connection.
(B) the specific circumstances of the selection and adjustment of teaching content
There are mainly the following points:
1. Simplify the calculation of large numbers and elementary arithmetic. For example, the addition and subtraction of written calculations emphasize three or four digits, generally not exceeding five digits; The multiplication and division method in writing is mainly based on the multiplier and divisor of two digits, which generally does not exceed three digits multiplied by three digits and the corresponding division; Only learn addition and subtraction in abacus calculation, and strengthen oral calculation appropriately in middle and senior grades. Elementary arithmetic is mainly in two or three steps, generally no more than four steps. Lowering the requirement of written calculation, strengthening oral calculation and using modern calculation tools in senior grades have become the common development trend of mathematics teaching in primary schools all over the world. The measures in this respect in the new syllabus are basically consistent with the international reform trend.
2. Delete some unnecessary or difficult contents. For example, finding the greatest common divisor of three numbers is of little use, but learning to find the greatest common divisor of two numbers can solve the problem of reduction; The inner angle of the triangle and junior high school still need to be learned, but primary school can't teach it; The area and volume of graphics are difficult to combine, and junior high school is very simple, so you can not teach them; Complex fraction is of little use, and the calculation is more complicated. Complex fraction has been deleted in middle school, so it can also be deleted.
3. Some contents are appropriately reduced, or only the knowledge points are listed without basic requirements. For example, circular decimals are of little practical use, mainly to prepare for learning rational numbers in junior high schools, and the multiplication of products is mainly to prepare for learning decimal multiplication. These "new outlines" only list knowledge points, without making basic requirements or examination contents. In addition, the intuitive understanding of some simple figures in lower grades aims to develop students' spatial concept and stimulate their interest in learning the preliminary knowledge of geometry. Because further study is needed later, only the knowledge points are listed, which are not included in the teaching requirements.
4. Simplify the application problems and strengthen the connection with practice. The application of the current syllabus and teaching materials is more complicated, with more steps and longer teaching time. In order to make it easy for students to accept and reduce their burden appropriately, the new syllabus stipulates that integer and decimal application problems should not exceed three steps, and fractional application problems should be mainly calculated in one or two steps, with a maximum of three steps (only relatively easy). Secondly, it emphasizes the cultivation of general problem-solving ability. Through the teaching of 1-3 step application problems, students can master the common quantitative relations and learn the methods of analysis, solution and test of application problems. In this way, even if students encounter unfamiliar and uncomplicated problems, they can solve them. In addition, the combination of practical problems and practice is emphasized to cultivate students' ability to solve simple practical problems by using mathematical knowledge.
5. Arrange the learning content appropriately. The main arrangements are as follows:
Simple estimation of (1) multiplication and division operation. Estimation is widely used in daily life, and sometimes it can be used to test the results of pen calculation and tool calculation to see if there is any error in large numbers. In recent years, primary school mathematics in many countries has increased the content of estimation.
(2) The sum of the internal angles of a triangle.
(3) the area of the combined graph (only refers to the combination of two graphs).
(4) Easy four-step application problems.
(5) Understand the radius and diameter of the ball. Ball is a common form in life. Increasing the initial understanding of the ball can better develop students' spatial concept and make some preparations for learning other subjects (such as understanding the earth in physical geography in junior high school).
(6) In areas where abacus is widely used, you can also learn more abacus.
In the "new syllabus", the contents of elective courses are marked with "*", which indicates that there will be no common requirements and no examination content.
The problems that should be paid attention to in teaching are more clear and targeted.
The fourth part of the current syllabus gives an enlightening explanation of the problems that should be paid attention to in teaching. The new syllabus summarizes the experience of educational reform in recent years, and further modifies and enriches the existing syllabus to make it more clear and targeted. Pay special attention to the requirements and suggestions made according to the nature and tasks of compulsory education.