Liang Shuming is called the last master of Confucianism, and Qian Mu is called the last master of Chinese studies. However, compared with the former's reputation, Qian Mu's name is not well known to the world, and many Americans may only stay in Mao Zedong for his impression. He criticized him by name.

How did you find it on my head?

In Mao Zedong's famous editorial, Mao Zedong criticized Hu Shi, Fu Sinian and Qian Mu by name, saying that they are a very few people and can be controlled by imperialism and its lackeys, the reactionary government of China.

Qian Mu was on his way to Hong Kong when he was named. He reacted violently to the roll call. Hu Shi, Fu Sinian and the Kuomintang regime are inextricably linked. One went to the United States as a resident, and the other followed the Kuomintang to Taiwan Province Province. The situation in America is different from theirs. He has neither a background of studying abroad nor a college degree. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, his footprints were less than those of Beijing, Shanghai, Pingping and Tianjin. He doesn't want to teach in a public school. He is a lonely scholar. How did he find me?

If Qian Mu chooses to stay in the mainland, his name will not appear on the list of war criminals, nor will he be criticized by Mao Zedong.

Before leaving, Qian Mu visited Chen Yinque at Lingnan University and invited him to teach in Hong Kong, but he was rejected. Then he went to the countryside to invite Xiong Shili, but the other party didn't mean to leave. Qian Mu wrote to Liang Shuming in Chongqing, but he didn't. I got no answer. He went to Sun Yat-sen University to see Yang Shuda, but Yang Shuda didn't mean to leave.

A life that evokes the souls of all people in the old country.

Qian Mu made a completely different choice from mainstream intellectuals.

Qian Mu is self-taught. At the age of 36, he published the Chronicle of Liu's Father and Son, which basically solved the long-standing legal case in academic circles. He worked as a primary and secondary school teacher in the countryside for 18 years, and then went to the university platform. The person who recommended him is Gu Jiegang.

As a well-known academic figure in China, Gu Jiegang and Qian Mu have never met before, but after reading his works, he praised his historical knowledge: It seems that it is not appropriate for you to teach Chinese in middle school, so teach history in university.

When Qian Mu left his hometown at the age of 36, he was employed by Peking University College of Literature and History to teach the general history of China. At that time, famous teachers from Peking University gathered, and Qian Mu's lecture hall was located in the trapezoidal auditorium of Peking University. Many students from all departments came to attend, and nearly 300 people sat in each hall. The scene is very grand. Qian Mu said that every lecture is like going to a debate field. He often repeatedly extended questions and quoted them widely.

A loud Wuxi Mandarin shocked everyone present. Because he and Hu Shi, then dean of the College of Literature and History, were good at giving lectures, there was a saying among students that money was in northern Hunan.

Qian Mu lived in an era when western learning spread to the east and was overwhelming. Confucianism is considered to be the root of weak countries and ignorant people, and Chinese studies have gradually fallen out of favor. There is a serious identity crisis in China.

In the era of great change, Qian Mu had doubts. At school, a physical education teacher learned that Qian Mu had studied the pre-Qin philosophers and told him not to read such books any more. This kind of book is written at the beginning, and the world will split and meet when it is closed for a long time. This is the wrong way in the history of China. Now Europe, Britain, France and other countries, together, will no longer be divided and chaotic. After that, we should learn from them.

This sentence had a far-reaching impact on Qian Mu. Since then, the gains and losses, advantages and disadvantages of eastern and western cultures have puzzled him all his life, and also triggered his academic purpose: What should China do from traditional culture to the future in the face of the powerful challenge of modern western culture?

In the face of surging new ideas, Qian Mu insisted on not being swept away by the trend of the times. He chose to find another world in the world of ancient books. He has always believed that nothing can pin the wisdom and feelings of the people of China more than history. He wrote The Romance of Three Kingdoms. He said, I I will write all the books and put them there. They will.

New Yi Yun, a disciple of Qian Mu in his later years, recalled that at the beginning of the war, he said that China would win. He said that most people only know the measurement of material, the amount of combat power and the amount of military power. He said that he had forgotten that war was a universal act. In addition to these, there are cultural strength, moral strength and national strength. They ignored this part, and China won, so he finished the outline of national history, and all of a sudden Luoyang paper was expensive.

I also encouraged many young senior intellectuals to join the army, and at the same time made China people start to have confidence in themselves, so I think he is great. When we are in such great turmoil today and have no confidence in ourselves at all, he provides us with a possibility to rethink and know ourselves, and puts forward the most correct point of view at a critical moment.

At the beginning of the Outline of National History, Qian Mu put forward four ardent expectations for readers to treat national history, one of which is to have a warm feeling and respect for his country. Qian Mu is a historian who loves China most in China in the 20th century. Yu Yingshi, his student, said that Qian Mu's life was a life to awaken the soul of the motherland.

The hidden worry of worshipping foreign things and flattering foreign countries

For Qian Mu, it is just an extravagant hope to turn a deaf ear to what is going on outside the window and read the ideal book of sages. 1At the end of 948, Qian Zhuo, the eldest son of Qian Mu, was expelled from Jiangnan University for taking part in the student movement. Qian Mu disapproves of students from all over the world petitioning in Beiping, but he also opposes the government and school authorities taking high-handed measures against young students who participate in the student movement. At this time, Qian Xun's third son was separated from his father and studied in his hometown of Suzhou.

1942, in Chengdu, Chiang Kai-shek asked Qian Mu why he should not get involved in politics. Qian Mu said that scholars don't have to go into politics. Chiang Kai-shek asked them if they cared about politics. Qian Mu said that scholars must care about politics, but I don't I don't want to go into politics, so. It's good to do their work. Chiang Kai-shek won, so I won't mention it here.

Being a taxi driver in modern China is Qian Mu's ideal and ambition.

He used to say that scholars still have a long way to go. Taking Wang Anshi and Sima Guang as examples, he expounded the important role of people with lofty ideals in history. From this, he came to the conclusion that scholars are the center of China society, should have the highest life ideal and should be able to undertake the greatest responsibility of the nation-state. More importantly, their inner cultivation should have religious spirit.

According to Qian Mu, American intellectuals in China today only accept the western concept of rights, but not their religious spirit. They only talk about personal rights, not about love and sacrifice.

After staying in Hong Kong, Qian Mu founded Xinya College, the predecessor of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, with his bare hands.

In only four rented classrooms, Qian Mu tried to preserve the charm of China culture. During the founding of Xinya College, many teachers who came to teach were first-class professors in domestic universities, but their salaries were pitiful. Teachers agree that Qian Mu, who is also the principal and dean of literature and history, has the highest salary, with a monthly salary of 200 yuan. Conversely, each professor received 100 Hong Kong dollars, 80 Hong Kong dollars, which was only equivalent to the income of second-class public teachers in Hong Kong at that time.

The students of Xinya College are almost all young students who have fled from the mainland. In the Outline of National History, Qian Mu wrote that none of them could pay tuition fees, and some slept on the roof of the school and curled up on the stairs between the third and fourth floors. By the time they got back to school at eight or nine, the stairs had been closed and they had to be called by Fu many times. There are less than 100 teachers and students in the school, and the tuition income is only 20%.

Yu Yingshi, a famous scholar at home and abroad in the future, told another story. A summer vacation in Hong Kong was extremely hot, and Mr. Qian Mu suffered from a severe gastric ulcer. I was lying alone in the empty teacher's building for illness. When I went to see him, I really felt sorry for him.

I asked him, is there anything I can do for you? He said, I wanted to read Wang Yangming, so I went to the Commercial Press and bought him a copy. When I came back, he was still lying alone on the teacher's body. New Asia College looks empty.

The name "New Asia" was put forward by Qian Mu, who hoped to promote the new Asia and strive for a better future for the people of China. At the beginning of the new university, Qian Mu insisted that the president should come from China and be named after China University. He said that Hong Kong is now a British colony, so it is close to China, and China is divided into mainland province and Taiwan Province province. As China people, how can we not stand in the position of China people? This must be taken into account. From 65438 to 0949, Qian Mu lived alone in Hong Kong, while his wife and five children stayed in the mainland. The youngest daughter, Qianhui, is less than 9 years old.

Xinya Academy became one of the wonders of education in China in the second half of the 20th century. Running a school for 16 years is the busiest 16 years in Qian Mu's life. After that, Qian Mu was treated by Jiang and his son. Chiang Kai-shek built a library for him, and Jiang Jingguo hired him as Senior Minister of the Presidential Palace. Before Qian Mu, no scholar had held this position.

In his later years, Qian Mu still insisted on preaching and teaching in Su Shulou. On one occasion, he was giving a lecture to students at home, and suddenly said: Actually, the purpose of my lecture is not to teach students, but to recruit volunteers to see if anyone has voluntarily sacrificed for China culture!

However, under the impact of modern times, the tradition has long been overwhelmed, and the ritual world advocated by Qian Mu has long collapsed. This makes Qian Mu's academic career particularly lonely. He expected the people of China to put forward enthusiastic demands for history, but he could not be recognized by the commercial market.

Qian Mu once said to his wife before his death: Since ancient times, there are not many literati who can blossom and bear fruit. Today, talking about cultural ideas seems different from scientists' inventions. Whether others know me or not, I can win the admiration of the whole world. Because science has recognized the external value, talking about cultural thoughts only depends on their own confidence to support their own progress, waiting for the test of time, so the result is often backward.

Qian Mu always thinks that the biggest crisis of China culture is the loss of Chinese people's confidence in China culture, while the school emphasizes natural science, worships foreign things, and belittles itself, which is the hidden worry of China culture. Qian Mu, his students celebrate his teacher's 90th birthday in Sushulou. After the old man lit a cigarette, he shook the match in his hand and it gradually went out. He said that life is really like this game. Not if you shake it. I don't know when it will come out. By this time, I have realized. In fact, life is really difficult. You should try to live this day well, so cherish the present.

1967, at the invitation of Chiang Kai-shek, Mr. Qian Mu left Hongkong and settled in Taiwan Province Province. But in his later years, due to political factors, he was forced to move out of the Sushu Building where he had lived for more than 20 years. Three months later, he died in Taipei. On behalf of the municipal government, Ma Ying once again apologized to Hu Meiqi, the widow of Qian Mu. He said that the storm in Sushulou made me very sad, and it was a cultural violence. I hope this kind of thing will never happen in Taiwan Province province.