1. Socialization and marketization of school-running system
The biggest difference between adult education and general education is that adult education belongs to social education in essence and has distinct sociality and social inclusiveness. It takes society as a broad stage, ubiquitous and all-encompassing, and permeates every corner and level of society. Where there are people, there is a place for adult education. No matter what kind of learning content, time and form people need, adult education should try its best to provide and serve. Such a huge education system is beyond the reach of the government. We must lead a variety of social forces to participate extensively and open channels. Educational resources must be allocated by the school-running unit according to the market demand, running schools on demand and teaching on demand. This is the socialization and marketization of adult education.
Advocating the socialization of adult education does not exclude or deny the leading role of the government. The government's duty is to create a good environment to promote the development of adult education. We should not only be providers, consultants, funders and supervisors of adult education services, but also formulate policies conducive to the socialization and marketization of adult education, and support and encourage multi-agent participation. To advocate the marketization of adult education, it is important to establish the concept of adult education industry, regard the vast world of adult education development as a huge education market, and operate it in society and market. It is necessary to recognize not only its school-running behavior, but also its business, paid social services and corresponding rate of return, so as to improve school-running efficiency and make it a virtuous circle.
2. Openness and flexibility of operation mechanism.
According to UNESCO, a learning society is a process in which education is closely intertwined with social, political and economic organizations (including family units and citizens' lives). In other words, every citizen has the freedom to study, train and cultivate himself in various ways under any circumstances. "Therefore, a learning society is a process, a process in which education and society blend and penetrate each other, a process in which education moves from the palace to the folk and opens to the general public, a process in which education is socialized and socially educated, and in a sense, a process in which knowledge society evolves. This process must have an open and flexible operation mechanism. The important mission of adult education is to promote the formation of a learning society. In this process, we must get rid of the traditional shackles and constantly reform ourselves in the open operation mechanism when carrying out structural reforms.
First, the openness of the educational object. Adult education should be geared to every citizen, change the current situation that citizens want to learn but have no possibility of learning, and encourage and help every citizen to overcome and eliminate obstacles to receiving education and learning. The second is the opening of the learning environment. We should vigorously carry out community education and open up various educational and learning resources. In particular, schools should be open all year round, become places for lifelong learning, serve community education, and vigorously promote various learning-oriented organizational activities to make communities and organizations educational and learning-oriented. Provide personalized learning for learners in groups or individuals. The fourth is the opening of study time. The implementation of "all-weather" allows learners to make their own choices under "any circumstances". The fifth is the opening of learning content. Show all kinds of learning content to those who need it, and all kinds of people will have their own places. Therefore, adult education needs to do everything possible to target the market. Facing the ever-changing market, the innovation of knowledge, the new moon of science and technology, and the colorful needs of people's lives, adult education should make great efforts to do a good job in the "six developments." That is to say, develop new majors, strengthen the "sunrise" of majors, and truly make majors a link between education, learning and society, and an eye-catching rain table of talent demand; Develop new courses, strengthen the novelty of knowledge and quickly reflect the renewal of knowledge; Develop new projects, strengthen the pertinence and practicability of training, and adapt to the changing knowledge needs of people's lives and work; Develop new means, strengthen the modernity of teaching means and methods, reflect the advanced nature of adult education and conform to the times; Open new methods, strengthen the cultivation of adult learning methods, skills and abilities, fully tap human potential, help adults learn actively, quickly and confidently, and learn to learn new knowledge and skills effectively for life; Expand online learning channels, strengthen the construction of online learning resources and the guidance and counseling of autonomous learning under network conditions.
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Constructing a new adult education system in 2 1 century
Facing the new opportunities and challenges, and building a new adult education system in the 2 1 century, we should make efforts in the following aspects:
1. Emancipate the mind and establish the concept of modern adult education.
Educational thoughts and concepts directly influence and dominate educational behavior. The research on the development of adult education should not be limited to adult education itself, but should be carried out in a big social background. The modernization of adult education, first of all, is the modernization of adult education ideas and concepts. Facing the 2 1 century, adult education in China must abandon the old educational ideas and concepts and establish modern adult education concepts. Based on the life-long education society and the sustainable development of China's economic construction, we should establish modern views on learning, students, education and quality.
(1) First, establish the concept of lifelong education. Lifelong education is an important part of adult education. Lifelong education is a new educational system. Under this educational system, it is a process of cultivating people, expanding people's knowledge and talents, and cultivating people's judgment, behavior and creativity. With the gradual establishment of China's lifelong education system, adult education is increasingly showing great vitality. Especially after China joined the WTO in June last year,165438+1October, from the perspective of scientific and technological competition and economic development, the focus of adult education in China will shift to high-level continuing education, so as to continuously meet the needs of all kinds of talents for re-education, re-learning and further improvement.
(2) Establish a scientific view of talents. 2 1 century is an important period of China's reform, opening up and modernization. China is in the period of simultaneous development of industrial economy and knowledge economy, which is the double pressure and challenge we are facing. The key to China's "two fundamental changes" is talent training. Adult education should change from simply imparting knowledge to imparting knowledge and cultivating ability at the same time, which is a new leap in the transformation of educational thought and talent training mode. The 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that "it is necessary to train thousands of specialized talents in Qian Qian to meet the requirements of modernization." To build Socialism with Chinese characteristics, we must focus on improving the ideological and moral quality and scientific and cultural quality of the whole nation, and provide strong spiritual motivation and intellectual support for economic development and all-round social progress. This requires adult education to carry out the spirit of comprehensively promoting quality education while improving the cultural quality of the whole nation, and to study and improve the quality of personnel training from the height of quality education. We should focus on the cultivation and improvement of cultural quality and professional quality, devote ourselves to improving students' comprehensive quality, cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability, and explore new ways to adapt to and strengthen quality education.
(3) Third, update the concept of education. It is a welfare undertaking to reverse people's long-standing traditional understanding of the formation of adult education characteristics. Let people realize that education is no longer a consumer undertaking, but the main lever to promote economic development and social progress, which is the key to the sustainable development of mankind. Adult education must adapt to the changes and requirements of modern society. In deepening the reform of education investment system, we should adopt the industrial economic model to develop adult education resources, promote and encourage the investment of society, enterprises and families in adult education, and strive to form a variety of investment models.
2. Continue to deepen the reform, adjust the educational objectives, and create the characteristics of adult education.
Adult education in 2 1 century should aim at quality education and cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability. The Decision on Deepening Education Reform and Promoting Quality Education in an All-round Way promulgated by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council proposes that the implementation of quality education should run through preschool education, primary and secondary education, adult education and higher education. Therefore, our adult education should implement the requirements of the Decision, start with improving students' quality in an all-round way, build a new curriculum system, and cultivate students' practical operation ability and practical ability.
(1) Constantly enrich the contents and forms of running schools. The contents of adult education should include culture, science, technology and commerce, as well as economy and politics. Ideological and moral aspects; The form of running a school should include not only secondary and higher education, but also a series of non-academic education such as on-the-job training, continuing education, short-term practical technical training and social life education. People choose to study according to their needs of making a living, developing and enjoying, so as to improve their knowledge level and innovation ability. Since most adult students have jobs, they should adopt flexible and diverse forms in running schools and teaching methods. The form of running a school should be full-time, part-time and amateur. Teaching methods should include face-to-face, correspondence and the combination of radio and television with remote computer network education. Gradually form a rich, diverse and personalized adult education mode.
(2) Adjust the professional structure in time. 2 1 century With the adjustment of economic structure, technical structure and urban-rural structure, the traditional adult education specialty structure is too narrow and the disciplines are too detailed to be adjusted in time. While ensuring sufficient professional basic theory, we should pay more attention to the cultivation of application ability and design professional plans with ability as the center. The curriculum design should be adjusted according to the demand of talents, so as to enhance its applicability, adjust the curriculum content in time, delete outdated content and expand the professional information. According to the different levels and differences of students, the teaching content and scheme are determined in detail. In the overall design of teaching, we should follow the principle of moderate advancement and improve pertinence, applicability, professionalism and foresight. Break the traditional curriculum structure and build a modern curriculum structure with public courses, professional basic courses, vocational courses, practical courses, elective courses and characteristic courses as the system. Form flexible and diverse curriculum modules in the classroom to personalize the professional structure of adult education.
(3) Study the laws of adult education, improve the quality of education, and create the characteristics of adult education.
The theory of adult education, the laws of adult education and the psychological characteristics of adults are originally new problems, and no systematic and scientific theory has been formed. Therefore, it is the key to improve the teaching quality to explore and study the laws of adult education and adult psychological characteristics. As an adult college teacher, we should explore and study these aspects. The teaching content should be arranged according to the principle of novelty, practicality and operability. In terms of teaching methods, such teaching methods as "full-house irrigation", "injection" and "cramming" should be abolished. Combined with the characteristics of adult students, discussion, research, heuristic and special lectures are adopted to stimulate students' learning enthusiasm and form a student-centered teaching method. Let adult education have its own characteristics.
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Compulsory education is mainly run by the government, led by the State Council, planned and implemented by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and managed by the people's governments at the county level.