Yan Zhitui was a famous writer, thinker and educator in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the early Sui Dynasty. His educational thoughts are embodied in Yan Jiaxun. His thoughts on family education still have an important influence on the current family education in China. The following is Yan Zhitui's family education thought and its enlightenment compiled by me for your reference, hoping to help friends in need.

Paper Keywords: family education thought; Revelation; mental health

Abstract: Yan Zhitui was a famous writer, thinker and educator in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the early Sui Dynasty. His educational thoughts are embodied in Yan Jiaxun, and his family education thoughts still have an important influence on our family education today.

Yan Zhitui (AD 53 1-595) was born in Langya (now Linyi, Shandong) and Liang Jianye (now Nanjing). His life has been ups and downs, calling himself "three generations of mourning, one body and three transformations." Although he was born in troubled times, he was born in an aristocratic bureaucratic family and was deeply influenced by Confucianism in his early years. He thinks that the world is corrupt and the morality is decadent. Combining his own experience, he wrote "Family Instructions of Yan Family", with a total of more than 20 articles, the main content of which is to teach future generations with Confucianism. It has a wide range of topics, rich content, grand and rigorous style and profound theoretical system, and is called "the norm of family education" by later generations.

First, the content of Yan Zhitui's family education thought.

Promote early education

Yan Zhitui advocated that family education should start with prenatal education. He said, "Teach your daughter to be new and your son to be new." He believes that if ordinary families can't start with prenatal education, they should also start with infants, because the earlier the education, the better. He said: "When it comes to infants, knowing people's colors and emotions, we should teach them to do what they want and stop them from doing what they want." Teach children when they just know how to read people's expressions and recognize people's emotions, so let him do it, not him. Yan Zhitui also believes that infancy is the best time to receive education, so don't miss this opportunity. He said: "Life is young and spirit is patented. Think hard and relax when you grow up. You really need early education, don't miss the opportunity. " Because infants and young children are easily influenced and have great plasticity, early education has the best effect. Yan Zhitui takes his own study as an example to illustrate. He said, "Don't recite Epiphany Subversion at the age of seven. As for today, you won't forget it ten years later; Twenty years later, the book I recited was abandoned in January, which was ridiculous. " The younger you are, the deeper you are, and it will even affect your life.

(B) Advocating the combination of love and education

Yan Zhitui advocated that children should not "love without teaching". If parents "love without teaching", it will lead to "eating for the sky and doing whatever they want, and should be warned to win prizes, laugh, be knowledgeable and break the law." In other words, parents can do whatever they want with their children's behavior. When they are admonished, they will be rewarded, and when they are reprimanded, they will laugh it off. When their children grow up, they think that this should be the result. Even if parents are "killed, there is no prestige, anger will increase and resentment will increase." Therefore, he stressed the need for strict education for children, while not losing love. He said: "If parents are dignified and kind, their children will be fearless and filial." Parents should treat their children with dignity and kindness, so that children will be filial to their parents. He also stressed that when educating children, we should not be partial to doting, and both parents should love. He said: "A man's love for his son, even if it is little, can be;" From ancient times to the present, this has many disadvantages. A moral person can enjoy his love, but a stubborn person should also get sympathy. Those who are partial to him are even more troublesome, although they want to be generous. My mother did the death of my uncle. Wang Zhao's murder, his father actually made it happen, Liu Biao defended his clan, and Yuan Shao's land was divided and his soldiers died, which could be a turtle. " In this passage, I told an example that parents can't love each other, which leads to a bad end for their children. For example, his mother's doting led to his death. Ruyi Zhao was killed because of his father's love.

(3) Pay attention to the influence of environment and teachers and friends.

Yan Zhitui attaches great importance to the influence of environment on children, so he thinks that children must make friends with teachers and friends carefully to prevent them from going astray. Because they are in infancy, they are highly plastic and easily influenced. That is, what kind of environment they live in or what kind of people they associate with, then what kind of people they will become. So he said, "When people are teenagers, they are not sure about their looks, embarrassed about their money, laughing and laughing, not interested in learning, and naturally like it ... They live with goodwill, such as entering the room of Lan Zhi, and they have been fragrant for a long time; Living with the wicked is like entering an abalone room, which stinks for a long time. Mozi is sad to dye silk, so it is called Yi. Gentlemen should be careful when making friends. "

(D) Attach importance to standardized language education

Yan Zhitui attaches great importance to children's language education, and thinks it is very important to learn a language well from an early age. In addition, he stressed that in family education, parents have an important responsibility for their children to learn the correct language. He said: "My child, although young, gradually corrected himself and made a mistake, thinking that he had committed a crime." In other words, parents should supervise their children while they are studying. He also pointed out: "Cloud is a commodity. Journalists who have not passed the exam dare not be named. Cao Cao knows it." He believes that a thing or an object, if it has not been inspected, will never dare to call it casually. He attaches importance to parents' attention to norms when educating their children to learn languages, and attaches importance to the study of common languages, not dialects.

(5) Ask parents to set an example.

Yan Zhitui believes that in family education, elders should not only preach, but more importantly set an example, which is conducive to the establishment of a good family style and will also affect the success or failure of family education. He pointed out: "People who are corrupt from top to bottom also apply to the latter from the beginning. It is because the father is unkind and unfilial to his son, and the brother is not a friend or disrespectful. " That is, the elders should set a good example for the younger generation.

(6) Promote diligent study.

Yan Zhitui pointed out: "Since ancient times, the Ming emperors still have to study hard, and the situation is average." He thinks that wise emperors should study hard since ancient times, not to mention ordinary people! He also cited many typical examples of ancient people's hard work. He said: "The ancients were diligent, throwing axes with cones, gathering fireflies according to snow, hoeing scriptures, compiling simple books and grazing, and also diligent." There are several typical allusions about diligence in this passage: Su Qin stabbed his stock with a cone in the Warring States period to stay awake; Some literary and art parties decided to study and throw axes at big trees; And Sun Kang, because his family is poor, he often studies in the snow on winter nights. There are ruts caused by family difficulties, and there are also those who often gather fireflies and use the light emitted by fireflies to learn; In the Han Dynasty, there were Guan Yu and Changlin brothers, who brought books and scriptures with them when plowing. Lu Wenshu picked cattail grass while grazing and made it into small notes for writing. Yan Zhitui did not preach the truth, but illustrated their efforts through examples and their pursuit, perseverance and will through a few words.

Second, the enlightenment to the current family education in China

Yan Zhitui's family education thought not only had an important influence on the development history of feudal family education at that time, but also had important enlightenment to the current family education in China.

(A) parents should pay attention to early education.

Yan Zhitui's early education thought has been paid enough attention by the family. Now some parents not only know about prenatal education, but also pay great attention to early childhood education, because during this period, children are highly plastic and easily influenced. In order to make children develop better, parents should give them proper education when they are young. Early education may affect their life. We often hear the saying that "at the age of three, at the age of seven", which also shows the importance of early education.

(2) Parents should be strict with compassion.

When parents educate their children, they should not only establish their dignity, but also be kind to them. Such parents will make children respect and convince them, which is beneficial to their development. If parents are very strict, then children will be afraid of their parents and children will become very timid; If parents spoil their children too much and let them go, they will make them very unscrupulous. Both are not conducive to children's development. Only by combining strictness with kindness can parents better educate their children and let them develop better.

(C) Parents should create a good family environment

Only a good family environment can cultivate good children, so parents should try their best to create a good family environment for their children. Especially a harmonious family atmosphere is really important for children's development. If children are allowed to live in noisy and discordant families every day, it is very unfavorable for their development. Parents should attach importance to family education and the creation of a good family environment. Parents should also create a good language environment for their children, because Mandarin is a common language now, so parents should create an environment for their children to learn Mandarin.

(d) Parents should set an example.

Nowadays, parents generally preach more than words and deeds. Parents often speak very well, but when asked to do it, they don't speak so well. Therefore, parents should set more examples when educating their children. We all know that "what parents do, children will imitate their parents." Therefore, parents should do what they want their children to do. Especially in the important period of children's development, parents should set a good example for their children.

References:

[1] Zhuang Huimin, Zhang Yihe, Yan jiaxun [M], Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 2006

[2] Wang, et al, A Brief History of Education in China [M], Beijing: Beijing Normal University Press. 1994

[3] Wang Hongliang, A Brief History of Ancient Education in China [M], Beijing: Planet Map Publishing House, 2006.

[4] Zhang Chuanxiang, editor-in-chief, China Education History [M], Beijing: Higher Education Press, 20 10.

[5] Sun, Yan Zhitui's family education thought and its enlightenment, Journal of Henan Vocational and Technical Teachers College, 2009.

[6] Kuang, Yan Zhitui's family education thought and its enlightenment, Xiangtan Normal University, 2009.

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