Western Europe is one of the most densely populated areas in the world, and 99% of the population belongs to the Europa race, which is a relatively homogeneous area. Ethnic groups are mainly British, German, Austrian, Swiss, Dutch, Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, Icelandic and so on. Irish, Scottish, Welsh, etc. Belongs to Celtic language family; French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, etc. Finns and Greeks belonging to Romanesque family and Urals family, the cradle of European civilization.
Basic introduction Chinese name: Western Europe English name: Western Europe abbreviation: Western Europe continent: major European cities: London, Paris, Berlin, Rome, Vienna and other official languages: English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and other currencies: euro, pound and other time zones: UTC+0 to UTC+2 Population: 565,438+00,000 (200,000) Land area: 5 million square kilometers. Road traffic: drive on the right (location of Britain and Malta: Western European Union: European Union's temperate zone: North temperate geographical location, EU, geography, location range, coastline, topography, climate, atmospheric circulation, rivers, population, politics, Britain, Ireland, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, Monaco, economy, economic strength, agriculture, tourism, and so on. Important seaports include London, Liverpool (UK), Marseille (France), Brussels (Belgium), Rotterdam and Amsterdam (Netherlands). There are famous cities such as London, Paris, Rotterdam, Antwerp, Brussels and Marseille. Except Monaco, the other six countries are all members of the European Economic Community. Western Europe in a broad sense refers to all capitalist countries in Europe. Located in Western Europe, Central Europe and Northern Europe. It covers an area of about 5 million square kilometers and has a population of over 500 million (1988). The highest Alps in Europe run across the south, with its trunk extending eastward to Carpathian Mountains, southeast to Narrow Mountains, south to Apennines and southwest to Pyrenees. There are Scandinavian mountains in northern Scandinavia. The central part is mainly distributed in the plains. There are many volcanic earthquakes in the south and Iceland. The Mediterranean coast has a subtropical dry summer and wet winter climate, while most other areas have a temperate humid climate. There are coal, iron, oil and other mineral deposits here. Most countries are developed capitalist countries, with developed industries, agriculture, foreign trade and transportation, forming an economic system centered on the European economy. The member countries of the European Economic Community are France, Britain, Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Ireland, Luxembourg, Greece, Spain, Portugal and Denmark. Western Europe also refers to the overall regional consciousness of some countries and regions in Western Europe, which tends to be consistent in culture, language, religious belief and economy. The European Union (EU) is an international organization developed on the basis of Europe. The purpose of EU is to strengthen the coordinated development of economy and society by establishing a space without internal boundaries, and to establish an economic and monetary union that will eventually implement a unified currency, so as to promote the balanced development of economy and society of member countries. The headquarters of the European Union is located in Brussels, Belgium. The European Union has 27 member states, of which 17 countries use the single currency-Euro. )。 The economic strength of the European Union is roughly equal to that of the United States, and it plays an important role in the international arena. China-EU economic and trade cooperation is growing steadily, and the comprehensive strategic partnership is also developing. Geographical location covers the western half of Europe, bordering the Arctic Ocean in the north, the Atlantic Ocean in the west and the Mediterranean Sea in the south. It is divided into four parts: Northern Europe, Western Europe, Central Europe and Southern Europe. Most areas are located between 35 and 70 north latitude, and the climate is mild. Western Europe refers to the part of Europe west of the line from the east coast of the North Sea to the west coast of the Black Sea. This area is small, but there are many countries and the coastline is tortuous. The coastline is the most tortuous continent in the world, with many peninsulas, islands and bays. Scandinavia is the main peninsula in the north, Balkan Peninsula, Apennine Peninsula and Iberian Peninsula in the south, the main islands are the British Isles and Iceland, the main inland seas are the Baltic Sea in the north, the Mediterranean Sea in the south and the Black Sea in the southeast, the marginal sea is the North Sea, and the Bay of Biscay is a famous bay. The terrain is mainly plain, with the lowest average elevation in the world: the North Sea, the Baltic Sea coast, the Bode Plain east of the Rhine River, and the western European plain mountains: the Scandinavian mountains in the north and the Alps in the south. The highest area in Bo Lang Feng is deeply influenced by glaciers: Glacier erosion: numerous lakes-Finland, the country of thousands of lakes, and glacier accumulation (ice accumulation) along the fjord coast-Norwegian coast: the hilly terrain of Alps. The plain is wavy-lakes are scattered on both sides of the Alps in the Bode Plain. Climate characteristics: mild and humid, with obvious maritime characteristics (mild in winter, cool in summer, with daily range smaller than that of annual range, and even seasonal distribution of precipitation throughout the year). From west to east, it gradually transits from maritime climate to continental climate. The atmospheric circulation is located in the westerly belt, and the prevailing westerly wind transports the Atlantic warm and humid airflow to the inland. Differences between East and West: Most of them are temperate maritime climate, and some are temperate continental climate. North-South differences; The northern part has a temperate maritime climate and the southern part has a Mediterranean climate. Hydrological characteristics of rivers Climate and topography-determine the hydrological characteristics of this area-there are many rivers, dense river networks, rich rivers, small water level changes, stable water flow, few long rivers and long navigation mileage, including the ice age. The main rivers flow through the rivers with the largest number of countries-Danube: Germany, Austria (Vienna), Slovakia, Hungary (Budapest), Croatia, Yugoslavia (Berger), Bulgaria, Romania and Ukraine-into the Black Sea-the mouth of Danube is about 45 degrees north latitude and 30 degrees east longitude-Rhine: Switzerland, France and Germany. The Netherlands flows into the North Sea, and the middle and lower reaches flow through developed industrial and agricultural areas and densely populated areas, making shipping convenient. The Seine River in France, the Thames River in Paris, the Elbe River in London and Hamburg (the largest port in Germany) are the main canals, the Danube-Rhine River. Population: The population is mainly white, and the densely populated areas are distributed along coal mines and industrial areas in a slightly "cross" shape, with a low natural population growth rate. Political Britain)Britain(Britain was originally abbreviated as the Kingdom of England), the full name of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, is located in the British Isles in the northwest of the European continent, surrounded by the North Sea, the English Channel, celtic sea, the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Britain is an island country in western Europe, consisting of England, Wales and Scotland on the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland in the northeast of Ireland and a series of affiliated islands. In addition to the mainland, there are 14 overseas territories [1] with a total population of over 64 million, with the English (Anglo-Saxons) as the main ethnic group. 1688 the glorious revolution established the British constitutional monarchy, and Britain was the first industrialized country in the world. It first completed the industrial revolution and its national strength grew rapidly. From18th century to the beginning of 20th century, the territory ruled by Britain spanned seven continents, and it was the most powerful country in the world at that time, so it was called the empire that never fell. Both world wars have won, but the national strength has been seriously damaged. By the disintegration of the British Empire in the second half of the 20th century, the hegemony of the capitalist world was replaced by the United States. However, Britain is still a big country with great influence in the world [2]. Britain is a highly developed capitalist country. One of the four largest economies in Europe, its citizens have a high standard of living and a good social security system. As the head of the British Association, a member of the European Union, a founding member of the Schengen Convention and NATO, the United Kingdom is also one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council [1]. Ireland Ireland (Irish: Poblacht na h? English: The Republic of ireann is a parliamentary republic in Western Europe, bordering the Atlantic Ocean in the west, the Irish Sea in the east and Britain across the sea. It is the gateway from North America to Europe. Ireland maintains a good natural environment and is known as the "Emerald Island", with trees and rivers all over the country. Grassland is everywhere, so it is also called "Green Island" and "Emerald". Its university education is very mature, and Dublin, the capital, has been known as a university town since the Middle Ages. The domestic climate is mild, and the temperatures in various places are relatively balanced. May to June is the most sunny period in a year, which is more suitable for tourism. The Irish belong to the Celts, who are descendants of the first generation of residents in continental Europe. Ireland became independent from British colonial rule in 1922 and became a permanent neutral country. [1] Ireland is a highly developed capitalist country. It is also a member of the European Union, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the World Trade Organization and the United Nations. Moreover, it is also one of the countries with the fastest economic development in the world, and has won the reputation of "European Tiger" because of its developed economy. [2] The Netherlands (Dutch: Nederland), formerly known as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, is often called the Netherlands by the world because its Dutch province is the most famous. Located in the northwest of Europe, it is the European starting point of the famous Eurasian Continental Bridge. Holland is a world-famous low-lying country. The total land area is 465,438+0,864 square kilometers, bordering Germany and Belgium. One of the founding countries of the European Union and NATO, and a member of international organizations such as the Schengen Convention, the United Nations and the World Trade Organization [1]. /kloc-in the 0/7th century, the Netherlands was the most powerful maritime hegemon in the world at that time, and was once known as a sea coachman. Holland has 12 provinces and 443 towns. The capital is located in Amsterdam, but its central office, the king's residence, all organs and foreign embassies, the Supreme Court and many organizations are in The Hague. [2] The Netherlands is a highly developed capitalist country, famous for its seawalls, windmills, tulips and tolerant social atmosphere. Its laws on drugs, sex trade and abortion are the freest in the world. The Netherlands is the first country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage and euthanasia. Belgium, the Kingdom of Belgium, is located on the west coast of Europe, bordering Germany in the east, the Netherlands in the north, France in the south, Luxembourg in the southeast and Britain across the sea in the west. The coastline is 66.5 kilometers long. Two thirds of the country is hilly and flat lowlands. The whole territory is divided into three parts: the Flanders Plain in the northwest coast, the hills in the middle and the Ardennes Plateau in the southeast. The highest point is 694 meters above sea level. The main rivers are Mas River and Eskau River, which belong to marine temperate broad-leaved forest climate with four distinct seasons. [1] Belgium is at the crossroads of Europe, both geographically and culturally. Although the land area is small, there are various tourist attractions all over the country. Brussels, the capital, is not only the world-famous ancient battlefield of Waterloo, but also the headquarters of the European Union. [2] Belgium is a highly developed capitalist country with a high degree of economic dependence on foreign countries. Foreign trade is the lifeblood of its economy, and it is one of the top ten commodity import and export countries in the world. About two-thirds of the national GDP comes from exports. As one of the highly industrialized countries in the world, it was one of the earliest countries in the European continent to carry out industrial revolution at the beginning of19th century. Belgium has perfect infrastructure such as ports, canals, railways and highways, which creates conditions for closer economic integration with its neighbors. It is also a founding member of the European Union and NATO, and a member of international organizations such as the United Nations and the World Trade Organization. 20 15, 10 10 On 28th October, the 70th session of the United Nations General Assembly re-elected the members of the United Nations Human Rights Council, and Belgium was successfully elected for a term of 20 16 to 20 18. [1] Luxembourg Luxembourg (Luxembourg: l? Zemburg (French: Luxemburg, German: Luxemburg) is a grand duchy of Luxembourg, located in the northwest of Europe, surrounded by neighboring countries France, Germany and Belgium, and it is a small landlocked country with an area equivalent to a county in China. It is also the only remaining grand duchy in continental Europe today, the capital Luxembourg. Because of its narrow territory and numerous castles, it is also called "pocket kingdom" and "country of thousands of castles". Because of its changeable terrain, it is located in the main road of Germany and France in history, and the terrain is dangerous. It has always been an important military fortress in western Europe and has the title of Gibraltar in the north. Luxembourg is a highly developed capitalist country, one of the founding members of the European Union and NATO, a highly developed industrial country, the most important private banking center in the euro zone and the second largest investment trust center in the world after the United States. Finance, radio and television, and steel are its three pillar industries. The unemployment rate in this country is extremely low, and the average life expectancy is 80 years. France France Republic of China (French: republice Fran? Aise (English: the French Republic), referred to as France for short, is a presidential republic in Western Europe, and its overseas territories include parts of South America and the South Pacific. France is the third largest country in Europe and the largest country in Western Europe. It borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland and Italy in the east and Spain, Andorra and Monaco in the south. The local terrain is high in the southeast and low in the northwest, which is roughly hexagonal. It is surrounded by water on three sides, the Mediterranean Sea in the south, the Atlantic Ocean in the west and Britain across the English Channel in the northwest. Corsica is the largest island in France. [1] France became one of the European powers from the end of the Middle Ages, and its national strength reached its peak in the19-20th century, establishing the second largest colonial empire in the world and being the most densely populated country in the 20th century. In the long history, this country has trained many famous writers and thinkers who have a far-reaching impact on human development, and it also has the fourth largest world heritage in the world. [2] France is a highly developed capitalist country. As one of the four largest economies in Europe, its citizens have a high standard of living and a good social security system. It is one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, a founding member of the European Union and NATO, a member of the Schengen Convention and the G8, and one of the major political entities on the European continent [3]. Monaco Principality of Monaco (French: Principauté de Monaco, English: The Monaco Principality) is a city-state located in Europe, one of the two principalities in Europe (the other is Liechtenstein) and the second smallest country in the world (the smallest is the Vatican), with a total area of 1.98 square kilometers. [1] Monaco is located in the south of France, surrounded by France on the north, west and east except the southern Mediterranean coastline, and it is one of the rare "national China". Monaco is mainly composed of the old city of Monaco and its surrounding areas. As one of the most densely populated countries in the world, Monaco is also a typical micro-country. [1] The citizens of Monaco are extremely rich and have one of the highest per capita incomes in the world. Monaco's economy is developed, mainly in gambling, tourism and banking. The Principality has achieved success in diversified management of service industry and small, high value-added and pollution-free industries. [2] Economic and Economic Strength Europe is the continent with the earliest development of capitalist economy. 2/kloc-0 At the beginning of the century, the level of economic development still ranked first in all continents. There are big industrial countries in western Europe, such as France, Britain and Italy. Their production scale is large, the industrial sector is relatively complete and their comprehensive strength is strong. Other countries develop distinctive industrial sectors according to their own specific conditions. Trade and population movements between western European countries are very frequent. In order to achieve more extensive economic and political union and integration, some western European countries established the European economic entity in 1957, and developed into the European Union on this basis. France is a country with developed industry and agriculture and the largest country in western Europe. Western Europe has developed foreign trade, with Germany first and Switzerland second. Germany is a country with highly developed modern industry, the most populous country in Western Europe, the country with the strongest economic strength in Europe, and the country with the largest number of European neighbors, and its trade volume ranks among the top in the world. Agriculture is the second production sector in Europe, accounting for a small proportion in the western European economy, but its important characteristics are high production level, combination of agriculture and animal husbandry and high degree of intensification. Wheat, corn, potatoes, vegetables, melons, beets, sunflowers, flax, etc. Mainly planting. Wheat production accounts for about 50% of the world total output, and barley and oats account for more than 60%. Horticulture is developed, mainly producing grapes and apples. Animal husbandry plays an important role in European agriculture, mainly raising pigs, cattle and sheep. France, Britain, Holland, Denmark and other countries have developed agriculture and animal husbandry. (1) temperate maritime climate-mild winter, cool summer, even seasonal distribution of precipitation, moist air, large cloud cover, rainy days and less sunshine-is not conducive to the growth of crops, but suitable for the growth of succulents-developing animal husbandry; (2) temperate continental climate-Mediterranean climate-dry in summer, rainy in winter (different rainy and hot periods)-subtropical fruit producing area, rich in citrus, lemon and fig agricultural production-lack of cultivated land and labor force-agricultural modernization attaches great importance to mechanization and biotechnology-European agriculture is the second production sector. Animal husbandry mainly focuses on raising pigs, cattle and sheep. Western Europe is rich in natural and cultural tourism resources. The steep and deep fjords in Norway, the snow-capped peaks in Switzerland, the sunny beaches in Spain and the picturesque countryside in France have beautiful scenery; Rome, the capital of the Millennium, Vienna, music city and Paris, the capital of art, are exquisite and elegant; Ancient castles, solemn churches, numerous museums, with different styles; The bullring in Spain, the carnival in Italy and the Oktoberfest in Munich have a warm atmosphere. Western European countries have vigorously developed various forms of tourism through rational development and utilization of these tourism resources. 2/kloc-0 At the beginning of the 20th century, Western Europe was the most developed area of international tourism, and France, Spain and Italy were the three famous tourist countries in Europe. Main tourist destinations: the Parthenon in Athens, Greece, the Colosseum in Italy, the Leaning Tower of Venice and Pisa, the "City of Music" in Vienna, Austria, the fjords and midnight sun in Oslo, Norway, flowers (tulips) in Rotterdam, windmills and reclamation projects around the lake in the Netherlands, lakes and mountains in Geneva, Switzerland, clock workshops, mountaineering and skiing, beach scenery along the Mediterranean coast in Spain, bullfighting, Eiffel Tower in Paris, France, etc. The famous industrial intensive areas in the industrial world are distributed in a cross shape: Scandinavia, Britain, Poland, Italy, Western European countries, Britain, Ireland, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France and Monaco. It covers an area of 930,000 square kilometers. The population is about 450 million (20 14). The terrain is dominated by plains and plateaus, and the mountainous area is small. There are the busiest sea lanes in the world, the English Channel and the Dover Strait, as well as rivers such as the Rhine, Seine and Thames.