First, the classification of hypertension
Under the condition of not taking medicine, we can judge hypertension if the value is higher than the normal value twice or more (not on the same day). The classification of hypertension is as follows:
Hypertension category:
Ideal blood pressure: systolic blood pressure (mmhg) < 120 diastolic blood pressure (mmhg) < 80.
Normal high value: systolic blood pressure (mmhg) 120 ~ 139 diastolic blood pressure (mmhg) 80 ~ 89.
1 grade hypertension (mild): systolic blood pressure (mmhg) 140 ~ 159 diastolic blood pressure (mmhg) 90 ~ 99.
Grade 2 hypertension (moderate): systolic blood pressure (mmhg)160-179 diastolic blood pressure (mmhg)100-0/09.
Grade 3 hypertension (severe): systolic blood pressure (mmHg)≥ 180 diastolic blood pressure (mmhg) ≥10.
Simple systolic hypertension: systolic blood pressure (mmHg)≥ 140 diastolic blood pressure (mmhg) < 90.
These are all indicators of hypertension. We often say that high blood pressure is a bad thing. With it, any disease can come uninvited, because hypertension can easily affect our cardiovascular system.
The risk factors of hypertension are: age (male > 55, female > 65), family history, smoking, hyperlipidemia, obesity and so on. So friends who have these problems should be careful!
We know the harm of hypertension, so we should start antihypertensive treatment. First of all, we should have a goal of lowering blood pressure.
For the average person, our antihypertensive goal is: <140/90 mmhg;
The goal of lowering blood pressure in patients with diabetic nephropathy is: <130/80 mmhg;
The antihypertensive goal of the elderly is: < 150/90 mmHg.
Use of antihypertensive drugs
(1) diuresis
Main mechanism: reducing circulating blood volume.
Suitable crowd: patients with hypertension complicated with heart failure and the elderly.
Hydrochlorothiazide-the most common and commonly used.
Contraindications: people with hypokalemia, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia should use it with caution, and gout patients should not use it.
(2) Beta blockers
The main mechanism: heart rate decreased and myocardial contractility decreased.
Adaptive population: patients with hypertension and tachyarrhythmia; Patients with hypertension complicated with coronary heart disease.
Contraindications: Peripheral vascular diseases, bronchial asthma, diabetes, heart failure, bradycardia and atrioventricular block are prohibited.
(3) Calcium channel blockers
The main mechanism: inhibiting calcium influx, relaxing vascular smooth muscle, dilating blood vessels and lowering blood pressure.
Dihydropiperazines (potent+safe): nifedipine sustained-release tablets.
Calcium channel blockers are the first choice for variant angina pectoris.
(4)ACEI、ARB
The main mechanism: reduce the chemicals that constrict blood vessels and play the role of dilating blood vessels.
Suitable crowd: patients with diabetes, mild nephropathy, heart failure, myocardial infarction and hypertension.
Contraindications: patients with hyperkalemia, serum creatinine greater than 3, dry cough, pregnancy and bilateral renal artery stenosis.
The above is a summary of hypertension knowledge points. If you master the basic knowledge of hypertension, you will not be afraid of the hypertension exam. Good luck in the exam!