I left quietly, just as I came gently;

I waved my hand gently and bid farewell to the clouds in the western sky. Golden willow by the river,

Is the bride in the sunset; Beautiful shadows in the waves ripple in my heart.

Green grass on the soft mud, oily, swaying at the bottom of the water; In the soft waves of Cambridge,

I would like to be an aquatic plant! A pool in the shade of elm trees,

It's not a clear spring, but the rainbow in the sky is pressed in floating seaweed, precipitating a rainbow-like dream.

Looking for dreams? Holding a long wormwood, stroll back to the greener grass.

Full of starlight, singing in the splendor of starlight. But I can't play songs,

Quiet is a farewell flute; Summer insects are also silent for me, silence is Cambridge tonight!

I left quietly, just as I came quietly;

I waved my sleeve without taking away a cloud.

Xu Zhimo (1896 ~ 193 1 year) is a modern poet and essayist. Shi Xia Town, Jianghai Ning County, Zhejiang Province. The name of the seal, the ink of the word, the fine print and Shen. Used pen name: Nanhu, Yun Zhonghe.

Xu Zhimo is a representative poet of Crescent School and a member of Crescent Poetry Society. 19 15 graduated from Hangzhou No.1 Middle School and studied in Shanghai Hujiang University, Tianjin Beiyang University and Peking University successively. 19 18 went to the United States to study banking. 192 1 went to study in the uk and became a special student at Cambridge university in London, studying political economy. During my two years in Cambridge, I was deeply influenced by western education and romantic and aesthetic poets in Europe and America.

192 1 Start writing new poems.

1922 After returning to China, he published a lot of poems in newspapers and periodicals.

1923, participated in the establishment of crescent society and joined the literature research society.

1924 founded Modern Poetry Review with Hu Shi and Chen Xiying, and was hired as Professor Peking University. Translated by Tagore, a great Indian poet, when he visited China.

From 65438 to 0925, he went to Europe and traveled to the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, France and other countries.

From 65438 to 0926, he was the editor-in-chief of the supplement of Morning News Poetry Magazine, and started the metrical movement of new poetry with Wen Yiduo and Zhu Xiang, which influenced the development of new poetry art. In the same year, he moved to Shanghai and served as a professor at Guanghua University, Daxia University and Nanjing Central University.

1927 participated in the establishment of Crescent Bookstore. The following year, he served as editor-in-chief after the publication of New Moon. And travel abroad to Britain, the United States, Japan, India and other countries.

65438-0930 Member of China Cultural Fund Committee, elected as a member of British Poetry Society. In the winter of the same year, he taught in Peking University and Peking Women's University.

193 1 At the beginning of the year, he founded Poetry Quarterly with Chen and Fang, and was elected as the director of China Branch of Pen Club. In June of the same year165438+1October 19, I flew from Nanjing to Peiping. Because of the fog, I crashed into a mountain near Jinan, the plane was destroyed and people died.

His collection of poems includes: Poems by Zhi Mo, Cold Night, Tiger, Wandering in the Clouds;

Prose collections include: fallen leaves, scales in Paris, self-anatomy and autumn;

The novel "Spring Scar" prose collection "Roulette";

Translation of drama Bian Kungang (co-written with Lu Xiaoman), Diary of Ashamey, Diary of Zhimo and Mansfield's novels.

His works have been edited and published as Collected Works of Xu Zhimo.

Xu Shi's poems are fresh, harmonious in rhythm, novel in metaphor, rich in imagination, beautiful in artistic conception, elegant in thought and full of changes. He pursues neatness and splendor in artistic form and has a distinct artistic personality. He is a representative poet of the Crescent School. His prose is unique and has achieved no less achievements than poetry. Among them, Self-Anatomy, Want to Fly, Cambridge as I Know It and Chatting in Yushan Residence are all masterpieces handed down from generation to generation.

Xu Zhimo 19 15 graduated from Hangzhou No.1 Middle School and studied in Shanghai Hujiang University, Tianjin Beiyang University and Peking University successively. 19 18 went to the United States to study banking. 192 1 went to study in the uk and became a special student at Cambridge university in London, studying political economy. During my two years in Cambridge, I was deeply influenced by western education and romantic and aesthetic poets in Europe and America.

192 1 Start writing new poems. 1922 After returning to China, he published a lot of poems in newspapers and periodicals. 1923 participated in the establishment of the new moon meeting. Join the literature research society. 1924 founded Modern Review with Hu Shi and Chen Xiying, and was hired as Professor Peking University. Translated by Tagore, a great Indian poet, when he visited China. 1925 has been to Europe, the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, France and other countries. From 65438 to 0926, he was the editor-in-chief of the supplement of Morning News Poetry Magazine, and started the metrical movement of new poetry with Wen Yiduo and Zhu Xiang, which influenced the development of new poetry art. In the same year, he moved to Shanghai and served as a professor at Guanghua University, Daxia University and Nanjing Central University. 1927 participated in the establishment of Crescent Bookstore. The following year, he served as editor-in-chief after the publication of New Moon. And traveled abroad to Britain, the United States, Japan and India.

65438-0930 Member of China Cultural Fund Committee, elected as a member of British Poetry Society. In the winter of the same year, he taught in Peking University and Peking Women's University. 193 1 At the beginning of the year, he founded Poetry Quarterly with Chen and Fang, and was elected as the director of China Branch of Pen Club. In the same year165438+1October, 19, I flew from Nanjing to Peiping. Because of the fog, I hit a mountain near Jinan, and my plane crashed and died.

He is the author of poetry anthology Zhi Mo Poetry Anthology, Kethleen Night, Tiger, Wandering, prose anthology Leaves, Parisian Scales, Autopsy, Autumn, novel prose anthology Roulette, drama Bian Kungang (co-edited with Lu Xiaoman) and diary Ai Xiao Mei Za. His works have been edited and published as Collected Works of Xu Zhimo. Xu Shi's poems are fresh, harmonious in rhythm, novel in metaphor, rich in imagination, beautiful in artistic conception, elegant in thought and full of changes. He pursues neatness and splendor in artistic form and has a distinct artistic personality. He is a representative poet of the Crescent School. His prose is also unique and has achieved no less achievements than poetry. Among them, Self-Anatomy, Want to Fly, Cambridge as I Know It and Chatting in Yushan Residence are all masterpieces handed down from generation to generation.

Appreciation 1:

First of all:

Farewell to Cambridge is a beautiful lyric poem, just like an elegant and beautiful light music. 1In the autumn of 928, the author visited England again, revisiting his old place, which was full of poetry, and turned his life experience into a series of emotions, blending into the beautiful scenery of Cambridge and galloping in the poet's imagination.

The whole poem begins with "tenderness", "walking", "waving" and "parting from the clouds", and then uses the alternating method of reality and reality to describe a series of flowing pictures, which constitutes a wonderful artistic conception and shows in detail the poet's love for Cambridge, longing for his past life and helpless sadness at present.

This poem shows the poet's superb artistic skills. The poet combines specific scenery with imagination to form a vivid artistic image of poetry, and skillfully blends atmosphere, feelings and scenes into the artistic conception to achieve the feelings and scenes in the scene. The structure of the poem is rigorous and neat. The whole poem consists of 7 sections, each with 4 lines, forming two parallel steps; 1 and 3 lines are slightly shorter, and 2 and 4 lines are slightly longer, ranging from 6 to 8 words per line. It seems that the poet intends to combine the forms of metrical poetry and free verse, making it a new form of poetry, full of nationalization and modern architectural beauty. The language of the poem is fresh and beautiful, the rhythm is gentle and euphemistic, harmonious and natural. With the ups and downs of emotions, it is like a melodious board, light and tactfully, touching the readers' heartstrings.

In the 1920s, the poet Wen Yiduo advocated the beauty of music, painting and architecture in modern poetry. Farewell to Cambridge can be said to have three beauties, and it is the swan song in Xu Zhimo's poems.

Second:

Section 1 of Farewell to Cambridge is about thousands of parting worries of long-lost students when they leave their alma mater. The use of the three words "tenderness" makes us feel that the poet seems to stand on tiptoe, like a breeze, quietly swinging away; And the deepest affection, in the tide, has become a "floating cloud in the west." Verses 2 to 6 describe the poet boating on the He Kang River in search of his dreams. The golden willows covered with sunset glow, the green grass on the soft mud and the pool under the shade of the tree all come into view. The two metaphors are quite accurate: the first one boldly imagines the "golden willow by the river" as a "bride in the sunset", which makes the dead scenery become a living thing, warm and pleasant; The second is that the clear pool water is suspected to be a "rainbow in the sky", but it has been crushed by floating algae and turned into a "rainbow-like dream". It is in "Crazy in Love" that poets, such as Zhuang Zhoumeng Butterfly, are interested in things and me, feel that "beautiful shadows are rippling in my heart" and are willing to be the swaying water plants in the gentle waves of He Kanghe. This good structure of the unity of subject and object is not only a wonderful hand, but also a painstaking effort; In verses 5 and 6, the poet opens up a new artistic conception. Borrowing the four refrain "Dream/Dream", "A boat full of starlight,/Singing in the starlight", "Singing,/But I can't sing" and "Summer insects are silent for me/silence is the Cambridge tonight", the whole poem is pushed to a climax, just like the He Kang River, full of twists and turns! And his madness of singing in greener grass and bright stars has not been realized. At this time, silence and silence are better than many love words! The last section has three "quietness" corresponding to the first cycle. Come smartly, go smartly. With a wave of his sleeve, what shook off? Needless to say. Why take away a cloud when you've been in Cambridge once? The whole poem is the best description of Xu Zhimo's "poetic life" in one go. Hu Shi once said: "His outlook on life is really a' simple belief', and there are only three big characters in it: one is love, the other is freedom, and the third is beauty. He dreams that these three ideal conditions can be met in his life, which is his' simple belief'. The history of his life is only the history of his pursuit of this simple belief. " (In memory of Xu Zhimo) If so, isn't the poet's wandering by the He Kang River a microcosm of this pursuit? Xu Zhimo advocates artistic poetry. He deeply admired Yiduo's poetic ideas of beauty in music, painting and architecture, especially in music. He even said, "... only when we understand that the life of poetry lies in its internal rhythm can we appreciate the true interest of poetry: no matter how noble your thoughts are and how passionate your emotions are, you must be completely" musicalized "(that is, poetic) to gain an understanding of poetry ..." (Poetry Publishing Holiday).

On the other hand, this poem "Biekangqiao": the whole poem consists of seven sections, four lines each, two meals each, eclectic, rigorous, rhyming strictly, two or four rhymes, cadence and catchy. This beautiful rhythm ripples like ripples, which is not only the voice of pious students seeking dreams, but also conforms to the ebb and flow of poets' emotions and has a unique aesthetic pleasure. The seven verses are strewn at random, and the rhythm spreads slowly in them, which is quite a poet's temperament of "white robe and thin suburban island". It can be said that it embodies Xu Zhimo's poetic beauty thought.

Appreciation 2:

Xu Zhimo, a native of Shi Xia Town, Haining County, Zhejiang Province, was born in 1897. He lived in a plane accident on 193 1 and died young. Originally named Xu, why was it renamed Xu Zhimo? Because he was very cute when he was a child, with a big head and a "pig tail" in the late Qing Dynasty, his father invited a monk named Wisdom to visit fortune-teller and said that he would succeed in the future. So on 1928, when he went abroad, he changed his name to "Xu Zhimo"-moved the wise monk.

One: the pursuit and disillusionment of rainbow-like dreams

Xu Zhimo's family is rich. His father, Xu Shenru, owns a sauce factory, a money house, a silk factory and a light bulb factory, and has investments in Shanghai and Hangzhou. He is one of the shareholders of Shanghai-Hangzhou Railway and the president of Shi Xia Town Chamber of Commerce, and Xu Zhimo is the only child in his family and is deeply loved by his elders. Family has an influence on him. He is lively and likes to make friends.

Moreover, his marriage also has an influence on him. 19 15 years, when he was studying in Peking University for preparatory courses (three years in preparatory courses and five years in undergraduate courses), he met Zhang Youyi. She is dignified, good at taking care of herself and managing money. Some people compare her to Wang Xifeng in A Dream of Red Mansions. Of course, the quality of Wang Xifeng is not as good as that of Zhang Youyi. Not only that, the Zhang family is relatively rich, so the Xu family is very happy to find this daughter-in-law.

As we all know, marriage before liberation was political and economic. Chui fook is a businessman and naturally likes it. More importantly, Zhang Youyi's eldest brother Zhang Jiaao is the president of China Bank, and Xu Zhimo knows and understands Zhang Jiaao. When I was studying, Zhang Jiaao went to the middle school where Xu Zhimo studied. Knowing that Xu Zhimo was good at Chinese and composition, he agreed to the marriage between Xu Zhimo and Zhang Youyi. Zhang Xueli, the second brother, is a famous philosopher and chairman of the People's Socialist Party in the history of modern philosophy in China.

Zhang Xueli introduced Xu Zhimo to Liang Qichao, who deeply loved Xu Zhimo and suggested that he go abroad for further study. So 19 18 In August, Xu Zhimo went to the United States to study, accompanied by Wang Jingwei. He first went to Clark University to study history and got his bachelor's degree a year later. 1965438+In September 2009, he entered Columbia University to study political economy and obtained a master's degree one year later. 1920 In July, Xu Zhimo didn't want to study, and went to Cambridge University in England to find Russell (a natural philosopher, called "Liang Qichao" by Xu Zhimo in England), but they missed it. Because Russell was "dismissed" for opposing Britain's participation in the First World War and came to China to teach, Xu Zhimo went to Britain to look for him, but failed. Of course, the two later became very good friends, and Xu Zhimo's view of love was also deeply influenced by Russell.

I didn't get into Cambridge, but I got to know Zhang, Zhang (the father of Lin and the head of Beiyang warlord) by studying for a doctorate in political economy at London University. Lin Changmin entered Cambridge University, which was named Cambridge University at that time, through the introduction of Dickinson, a professor at Cambridge University, thus making contact with Cambridge.

I > Set Ambition: A Rainbow Dream. Because Xu Zhimo wants to establish British bourgeois democracy in China. He thinks that Germans are too stupid to be mechanical; The French are too cloudy and have too many officers; Southern Europeans are too chaotic and confused; Americans are shallow and have a short cultural history. So the more respectable one is Britain. He once said, "The British are free, but not mechanical; Conservative, but not stubborn. " Therefore, he believes that the conditions for Britain to implement democratic politics are far above those of shouting Americans. Therefore, in his mind, it is necessary to establish a bourgeois political system like Britain.

Therefore, in one of his essays "The Debate between Smoking and Culture", he said: "My eyes were opened by Cambridge; My self-awareness was given to me by Cambridge; My thirst for knowledge was shaken by Cambridge. " It can be seen that Cambridge has a great influence on him. Objectively speaking, British democracy is free, and he envies it. In charge, he has a pursuit: love, beauty and freedom. At the same time, his close friend Hu Shi also said that "Xu Zhimo pursued love, beauty and freedom all his life", and Britain just met the subjective and objective requirements.

Second, step into the world of poetry. Xu Zhimo was studying abroad to be a politician similar to the US Secretary of State. Later, he abandoned politics and became a writer, and was influenced by English romantic poets in the19th century, including some writers and works at that time. At the same time, Mansfield has the greatest influence on him because he likes to make friends with high-class people.

One night at 1 1, Xu Zhimo went to visit Mansfield. Although it is only 20 minutes, the re-election is very speculative. Mansfield's beauty attracted him deeply, and he listened to her. Xu Zhimo said that "these 20 minutes are immortal 20 minutes", which shows that he was deeply impressed. He once said that her beauty is complete beauty, pure beauty, beauty that can be felt unknowable and beauty that cannot be analyzed, which is a masterpiece of nature. So Mansfield said, "Xu Zhimo, you'd better engage in literature in the future, and you'd better not engage in politics." This touched Xu Zhimo very much, and it was also the reason why Xu Zhimo started his literary creation.

The second reason is the influence of divorce and lovelorn. When he was studying at London University, he met Lin, who was 16 years old. At that time, she was called "the first talented woman in China", so Xu Zhimo went after her, but he was married. Of course, there is resistance when pursuing. Lin said to him, "I am a girl and you are married." You have to get a divorce first. " Xu Zhimo felt hopeful after hearing this, so he took 1922 to Berlin to find Zhang Youyi for a divorce. Because he is romantic, he thinks Lin is the embodiment of love, beauty and freedom. Although Zhang Youyi is excellent, he has no romantic temperament. He said, "I want to be the first divorced man in China". Through many friends doing Zhang Youyi's work, Zhang Youyi finally agreed. After that, the relationship between the two became better and they wrote a letter once a week. He returned to England immediately after the divorce, only to find that Lin had gone to the United States to study architecture. Perhaps Lin's father thinks that Xu Zhimo is not suitable to be a son-in-law. At this moment, the wife left and the lover left. My feet are empty, my heart is sad, and I use poetry to express my feelings. In the spring, I wrote that he saw others fall in love in the grass. He was jealous and felt lonely. So I began to step into the world of poetry.

Third > obsessed with nature. Cambridge University is beautiful, with classical architecture, blue sky and blue sea, birds and flowers, farmhouses dotted in the fields, and a Hekang River running through it. If we analyze Farewell to Cambridge, we should read Cambridge I Know and introduce his daily life-boating and reading leisure books. This is his life of studying abroad, but he has no regrets. He said that he read three books: nature book, life book and social book. Cambridge is also deep in his life. 1922 After returning to China, I wrote my first poem related to Cambridge. Goodbye Cambridge! Cambridge is the source of its life and the hometown of spiritual dependence. Under the influence of natural scenery, he is sublime and detached from the English gentleman.