Shunling, the tomb of Wu Zetian's mother Yang, is located in the village, 20 kilometers northeast of Xianyang City.

Yang died in the first year of Xianheng (670) and was first buried as a princess. In the first year of God-given (690), Wu Zetian ratified Yang as the little queen and changed the mausoleum to the imperial tomb.

After Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ascended the throne, he removed the title of High Queen by imperial decree and still called Princess Taiyuan, and changed Shunling back to the princess's tomb, but later generations used to call it Shunling.

1961March, the State Council announced Shunling as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Chinese name: Shunling mbth: Shunling Location: Hanjia Village, Jang Jin, the bottom of Weicheng District, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province Construction Time: the first year of Xianheng in Tang Gaozong (670) Tomb owner: Wen Yang, the mother of Wu Zetian. Protection level: opening hours of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units: 08: 00- 18: 00 Ticket price: 654. 38+00 Yuan Country: China City: Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province Suggested length of play: 1-2 hours Suitable season for play: spring, summer and autumn are all required reading before going, and scenic spots dynamics, scenic spots introduction, key information, beautiful scenery, historical evolution, cemetery pattern, cultural relics, main tombs, cemeteries, stone carvings, other remains, cultural relics protection, anecdotes and legends. First presented to Mrs. Jin, and buried together in Hongdu Garden in Xianyang, saying that Yang's tomb, cemetery and stone carvings are the same as the old system. Later, due to political needs, in the first year of Yongchang, Tang Ruizong (689), Wu Zetian was only a stone's throw away from the throne. In order to improve her social status, she honored her father as "Emperor of Loyalty and Filial Piety" and her mother Yang as "Empress Dowager of Loyalty and Filial Piety", and Yang's mausoleum was renamed "Shunyi Mausoleum". After Wu Zetian officially proclaimed himself emperor, in the second year of Tiansheng (69 1), Yang was honored as the "Filial Empress" and the mausoleum was changed to "Shunling". With the constant change of Yang's identity, Wu Zetian expanded the cemetery many times. In the end, the cemetery area was expanded from 83,070 square meters to 1.094624 square meters, an increase of 1.2 times, almost twice the area dedicated by Tang Gaozu, the founding emperor of the Tang Dynasty (5545 1 square meter). In the first month of the second year of Chang 'an (702), under the orders of Wu Zetian, Wu Sansi, the grandson of Yang, wrote an article, and Li Dan (later), the grandson and prime minister, wrote the Monument to the Empress of the Big Zhou Dynasty (also known as the Monument to Shunling), which stood beside Sima Road in the south gate of Shunling. This huge monument, about 10 meters high, has a full text of 4300 words. The lettering is square and standardized, and the handwriting is beautiful and beautiful. Among them, there are 16 new words created by Wu Zetian, which is a famous monument in the early Tang Dynasty. At the same time, Wu Zetian also ordered the collection of skilled craftsmen from all over the world, selected stone materials, surpassed the system of going to the mausoleum first, and carved many giant stone carvings for Shunling. However, Yang, the tomb owner of Shunling, was not the real emperor's queen, so it was not only not recognized by the world, but also became a place for future generations to vent their anger. In the first year of Kaiyuan (7 13), the imperial edict of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, who had just ascended the throne, cancelled Yang's title of "filial piety" and still called Princess Taiyuan. It is clear that Shunling was renamed Princess Tomb, and the name Shunling no longer exists. Although Shunling is not a mausoleum, it is the largest and highest-ranking royal consorts cemetery in the Tang Dynasty, with magnificent stone carvings and the most outstanding tombs in the Tang Dynasty. Shunling was built in three stages: the first stage, the period of princess's tomb in Taiyuan. On August 2, the first year of Xianheng (670), Yang died, and Wu Zetian was the queen, who participated in the state affairs. Yang posthumous title Princess Taiyuan called Yang's tomb "Princess Garden of Taiyuan" or "Princess Tomb of Taiyuan". Before the bucket-shaped tomb was sealed, stone tablets 1 pair, stone pillars 1 pair, Shi Hu 2 pairs, Shiyang 2 pairs, stone statues 1 pair and stone carvings * * * 13 were arranged. The scale of the cemetery is equivalent to the inner city seen today. The second stage is the period of Shunyi Mausoleum. In the first year of civilization (684), in the second year after the death of the emperor, Wu Zetian ascended the throne, appointed Yang as Princess Wei, the Empress Dowager of Loyalty and Filial Piety, changed the tomb of Princess Taiyuan into "Shunyi Mausoleum", and carried out a large-scale expansion project of Shunyi Mausoleum. There is a mausoleum wall around the cemetery, and eight pairs of stone statues are arranged in the south gate, totaling 16 stone carvings. Shunling overlooking the third stage, Shunling period. In the second year of Tiansheng (69 1), Wu Zetian honored Yang as a little queen and named her mausoleum "Shunling". Outside the inner city mausoleum wall, there are several pairs of large stone carvings, including South Gate 1 Stone Monument, 1 Stone Pillar, 1 Kirin, 3 Stone Man, 1 Shishi, East Gate 1 Shishi and West Gate 1 Shishi. There are also two rectangular breasts outside Shen Dao in Nandou, which makes the system more perfect. Shunling was first built in the first year of Xianheng in Tang Gaozong (670) and finally completed in the second year of Chang 'an (702). After three stages of Taiyuan Princess Tomb, Shunyi Mausoleum and Shunling Mausoleum, after 32 years of construction and expansion, Shunling Mausoleum with a large scale and reasonable layout was finally formed. Shi Hu and Shishi appeared in front of the mausoleum at the same time. In the face of the seemingly contradictory combination of stone carving and mausoleum system, they actually reflect the different stages of Shunling construction and the gradual improvement and change of Wu Zetian's political status. While formulating and implementing a series of plans for governing the country, Wu Zetian started the cemetery expansion project to improve Yang's position. The expanded cemetery is an outer city, and the area of the expanded cemetery is more than 100 times that of the first cemetery. It is generally believed that the Mausoleum was designed according to the pattern of the palace where the emperor lived before his death. However, Shunling was not laid out according to the specifications of the palace where Yang lived before his death, but was conceived according to the ideas of Wu Zetian. In appearance, it generally inherited the shape of the imperial tombs since the early Tang Dynasty, but it was endowed with new connotations. From symbol to body image, the mausoleum embodies the corresponding or deductive relationship with Yi Tu. For example, the reason why the mausoleum is located slightly west of the northern part of the inner city is mainly related to the orientation in Jiugong Bagua. The location of Jiugong in Liu Gan Palace avoids the shelter of the sky plate and the human plate, which conforms to the supreme principle. There is a tomb buried with him in Shunling, which is the tomb of Wu Sansi, the son of Yang. Wu Sansi's tombstone was unearthed near Shunling. But when Wu Sansi was in Tang Ruizong, he "cut the coffin and slaughtered the corpse" and his tomb was dug. The location where the town headstone was unearthed is not necessarily the site of Wu Sansi's tomb. The layout of the cemetery and the plane layout of Shunling, according to the order of construction, has become a triple layout from the inside out. The enclosure in the center of the cemetery is the first, the inner city formed by the mausoleum walls around the enclosure is the second, and the outer city formed by four gates symbolized by four pairs of stone lions is the third. The layout of the triple building, in which the axes are not coincident, also proves that the triple building was not built at the same time. Because the ancient traditional buildings in China pay attention to the symmetrical layout, it is hard to imagine that Shunling once built has three different axes, and the volume, shape and carving techniques of stone carvings are also quite different. 1. First weight: soil sealing. The stone carvings before and after the earth seal constitute the core area of Shunling cemetery. At the beginning of the construction of Shunling, this was the whole content of Shunling Cemetery. Buildings in the same period form the same central axis, while buildings in different periods form different central axes. Following this principle, the geometric center of the fief and the midpoint of the five pairs of stone carvings before the fief form a central axis (1 axis), which is also the earliest axis formed in the whole Shunling cemetery. The bucket enclosure conforms to Yang's identity when he was buried, and "buried Xianyang with royal ceremony"; The stone carvings symmetrically arranged before soil sealing are completely integrated with soil sealing, which should be the product of one-time construction. 2. Second: inner city. The inner city Lord mainly refers to a closed space formed by the mausoleum wall, and the building facilities on the mausoleum wall also have four corners and two gates on both sides of the south gate. In addition, it also includes eight pairs of stone men in the south gate. The north-south axis of the inner city was established by the south gate of Shunling and eight pairs of stone statues, which was the product of the second construction of Shunling (axis 2). At this time, Shunling has been named the tomb, and the status of the tomb owner has been greatly improved. In order to conform to the identity of the tomb owner and the title of the tomb, it is necessary to build the inner city mausoleum wall, build Sima Road and carve new stone carvings. The construction of the tomb wall expanded the scale of the cemetery and formed a closed whole in space. From the layout of stone carvings before and after soil closure, the inner city mausoleum wall and the south gate of the mausoleum wall, it is found that the stone carvings at the south gate and the south gate of the inner city form a central axis, and there is a big gap between them. Therefore, it is more reasonable to classify the inner city mausoleum wall and the south gate stone carving as the second building. 3. Third: the outer city. Four pairs of stone lions outside the cemetery symbolically indicate the existence of the outer city. Because stone lions are usually located outside the door, four pairs of stone lions should be located outside the four doors. But there are no four gates or even walls in Shunling, so the existence of the outer city is only symbolic. However, at the southern end of Nanshendao, there are two tall breasts, marking the southernmost tip of the cemetery. Shunling established the Sima Road axis at the midpoint of the connection line between 1 pair of unicorns and 1 pair of stone stepping lions, because unicorns, stone stepping lions, Ruque, stone squatting lions and stone horses outside the north gate are all stone carvings of the same period, and this axis extends northward and inevitably runs through the north and south of the whole cemetery. The outer city symbolizes the gate with four pairs of stone lions, and marks the southern end of Shinto with a pair of Ruque, forming a large-scale distribution pattern with large-scale stone carvings with uniform distribution as the main content. Although Shunling, the main mausoleum of cultural relics, is also called "Mausoleum", it is not majestic because of the mountains, and it is greatly inferior to Weibei 18 Tang Dynasty Imperial Mausoleum, which occupies the peaks. The mausoleum is located slightly west of the northern part of the inner city. The square conical mound is12.6m high, with a square bottom plane, each side of which is 48.5m long and12.6m high. Bottom circumference186m. After detection, the pyramid-shaped mound is inclined, 28.5 meters long and 2 meters wide. The two walls of the tomb are painted with lime and murals. Tangshun Mausoleum is one of the most complete ancient cemeteries in China. The cemetery is slightly rectangular, covering an area of 1, 654,380,000 square meters, with an inner city and an outer city. The outer city is1.264m long from north to south and 866m wide from east to west. South main entrance juxtaposes two tulou pavilions, which are 50 meters apart. The wall of the outer city has fallen down, but the site of Simen is still there. The inner city, also known as the imperial city, is located in the north of the outer city. The south wall is 300 meters long, the east wall is 298 meters long, the west wall is 294 meters long and the north wall is 282 meters long, which is basically square. There are two opposite earth tombs in the middle section of the south wall, 22 meters apart and 5.8 meters high, which are the ruins of the south gate of the inner city. The city wall is rammed earth with a width of1.9 ~ 2.2m.. Shunling has four gates, north, south, east and west, all of which have exquisite stone carvings. It is the most exquisite and outstanding stone carving in the Tang Dynasty, representing a high artistic level of stone carving in the Tang Dynasty. Stone carving Shunling is one of the most representative cemeteries in the Tang Dynasty, and the most striking thing is the rich and exquisite stone carvings left on the ground. Shunling stone carving is tall, vivid, unusually vigorous and beautifully made, which can be described as the crown of Tang Ling stone carving. There are 34 stone carvings in the park, most of which are placed in front of the mausoleum. There are 13 stone statues and 3 stone sheep at the south gate of the inner city. Outside the south gate of the inner city, there is a pair of walking lions, Tianlu. There are a pair of squatting lions in the east, west and north gate of Waicheng, and three pairs of stone horses outside the north gate are now incomplete. The stone carving is carved from a whole piece of bluestone, with vivid image and vivid posture. The wired carving patterns around the stone base, especially the Tianlu and the lion walking in front of the mausoleum, are exquisite, magnificent and huge. They are all carved from a whole stone, with delicate carving and vigorous magnolia bark. They are rare works of art with high artistic appreciation value and are known as the crown of Tang Ling's stone carvings. According to documents, the original China watches were made of wood, which was used by ancient emperors to accept loyalty. The flower table symbol used in the tomb began in the Warring States period, and the front of the tomb began in the Southern Dynasty. Han Biao, placed in front of the mausoleum, is a symbol of the mausoleum, which embodies the emperor's modesty and understanding of the people's feelings, and also sets off the momentum of the mausoleum. Shunling Huabiao is located in the north of Rutaique, the south-central part of Qilin and the southernmost side of Shinto. Hua Biao consists of three parts: stone base, column body and column top. Through exploration, it is known that only the top of the huabiao column and the cornerstone of the huabiao stone base are left in Donghua Table. The cornerstone of the Huabiao Stone Block is about 7 meters northwest of the existing Huabiao Top, and the underground depth is 1.2 meters. In the process of exploration, there are also fragments of columns, one of which is engraved with lines. There is no surplus wealth on the ground on the west side, and the unexplored situation is unknown. The top height of the existing Huabiao column on the east side is1.8m.. At the top of the column is a treasure placed on an octagonal table covered with lotus flowers. A circular tenon was chiseled in the middle of the table, which was originally placed on the column. The top of the huabiao column in Shunling is the best preserved one. Shi Tianlu Tianlu stood with his head held high, calm and powerful. There are wings on both sides of the shoulders and front legs, and scrolls are engraved on the wings. Strong limbs, long tail mopping the floor. Hanshu called this beast "an arrogant person". Guo Pu quoted Zhang Ji as saying, "Deer are like deer. If a person is punished and born in the imperial court, the Lord will not touch him. " There are many stone carvings in Tangling, and the shape carved in Shunling is the largest and most vivid. Shunling Tianlu *** 1 pair is located on both sides of Shinto in front of the mausoleum. Tianlu Tianlu is a Swiss beast, which looks like a deer and is a kind of "Tianlu". Also known as "unicorn" because of its long horns. The body is like a cow, full of horseshoes, and the vertical tail is connected to the seat and wings. This is an imaginary deer deformation, which may be engraved with the auspicious meaning of Lu (deer). Some scholars think that deer is an auspicious animal. If you become a cow, you will be loyal, kind, diligent and not lazy. Put on horseshoes and let them travel thousands of miles every day and 800 miles at night; With wings, it can fly anywhere, so Tianlu is the most ideal beast to protect the cemetery.

The two Tianlu stone carvings in Shunling are round carvings. The height is 4.5m, the bottom is 4.2m, the width is 1.9m ... The volume is large, and several people can be accommodated under the abdomen. The figure is tall, the structure is exaggerated, and the carving of the head and wings is more exquisite, which fully shows the personality and expression of the deer. The wings are carved into cirrus relief, gorgeous and full of vitality. Tianlu's figures are connected with the pedestal, and huge stones exceeding the overall volume must be selected when making them, which fully shows the creative spirit and carving skills of the sculptors in the Tang Dynasty. Before the Tang Dynasty, Tianlu and exorcism were mainly placed in front of the mausoleum, carved with tigers as the prototype. After the Han dynasty, this beast has the characteristics of both tiger and lion, and the composition of lion is increasing. Shishi completely replaced Tianlu, Exorcism and Shi Hu in the stone carving of tombs, which began in the dry tombs of Tang Gaozong and Wu Zetian and was followed in the stone carving of tombs in later dynasties. The idea that the lion walking on the east side of the ancient tombs in China takes the stone lion as the portal animal mainly comes from the influence of Buddhism in West Asia, Central Asia and ancient India. Lions are found in Africa and West Asia. With the opening of the Silk Road and the communication between East and West, lions began to be transported to China. In the Tang Dynasty, the communication between China and the West became more frequent. These countries present lions as precious tributes to China. With the arrival of lions, myths and legends about lions and worship beliefs spread to the East, especially the unique position of lions in Buddhism. With the prosperity of Buddhism, the lion culture also spread, and gradually people put it in front of the mausoleum to guard the gate, rather than ward off evil spirits. Shunling has a pair of stone lions crouching in the east, west and north gate, and a pair of stone lions walking in the south gate. The shape of the stone lion changes greatly. Nanmen Shishi is influenced by western Asia in its shape and is a representative of realistic Shishi. Lions lying in the east, west and north gate are Buddhist stone carving forms since the Southern and Northern Dynasties, with some Indian styles. Walking the lion along the mountain is a round carving. A male and a female, the two lions are 20 meters apart, and both are walking postures. In modeling, they made a moderate exaggeration, highlighting the heroic qualities of lions. Because the stone lion itself is carved roundly, after more than 1000 years of wind and rain erosion and sun weathering, the stone lion is more rounded and spectacular, unconventional and full of vitality. Walking the lion along the mountain and the lioness in the west is the most majestic, with a height of 3. 15m, a length of 3.2m, a width of 1.45m and a weight of more than 40 tons. Tall, fierce in shape, powerful in four claws, like striding slowly, with a wide mouth half open, which makes people feel that the lion shakes the mountain and subdues the roar of all animals. In particular, the protruding pectoral muscles and forward legs and feet are well-proportioned and rich in texture, which is one of the largest and most representative stone carvings in the tombs of the Tang Dynasty. There are three pairs of stone lions in Lingdong, Lingxi and Lingbei, which echo the style of standing lions and unicorns. The overall height of the lion sitting is about 3 meters, the chest width is 1. 10 meters, and the seat height is 0.5 meters, which is the largest among the stone lion sitting in the past dynasties. The heroic image of the lion is strongly exaggerated, which shows the grand style of stone carving art in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The six sitting lions have the same tone, but different images: the mane of the sitting lions in the west and the north is spiral, the cheeks are swollen, the upper lip is curled, the tongue is hooked, the wrist and toe tendons are uneven, and the claws are deeply trapped in the crevices. Lions sitting in the east and south are full of manes, with wide mouths and long eyes, and their tails are bent and then thrown on their backs. It is a vigorous and powerful Xu Yuansheng. Carving lions in Shishi Mausoleum symbolizes the ritual guards of the tomb owner before his death, and carving Kirin symbolizes the eagle's sincerity, which is the general meaning of the imperial mausoleum, but the forms of stone carving in Shunling Mausoleum are not generalized. The double lions facing north and south are juxtaposed along the road, and the double unicorns stand opposite each other across the road. The female lion and the male unicorn are on the west side, and the male lion and the female unicorn are on the east side, which constitutes the staggered array and the opening and closing of the momentum. The three pairs of lions sitting in the east, west and north have different images and postures. This makes the Shunling stone carving group with uneven levels in the unified tone reflect the symmetrical, balanced and changeable artistic law. There are fourteen stone statues in Shunling, Weng Zhong (of which the stone statue on the east side in front of the tomb is a replica). In front of the tomb is a stone man with a height of 2.98 meters, a width of 0.85 meters and a thickness of 0.4 meters. The statue and the seat are integrated and placed at the bottom of the stone. It is estimated that it is connected with tenon and stone foundation. The stone foundation is1.25m long,1.25m wide and 0.1.05m thick, and it is semi-buried. The stone man wears a small crown, with a broken crown, an obvious front hairline, curved eyebrows, frowning and glaring. The upper part must have wings, the lower part must be stout, and the facial muscles are strong. She wore a commendation coat with a horizontal collar, a wide waist, sleeves hanging below the knee, five creases each, and a skirt sweeping the floor. Her waist was straight and her feet were broken. Her right hand and left hand hold the hilt, and the scabbard is in the shape of five bamboo joints. There are twelve stone statues on both sides of the south gate of the inner city, three of which are headless and incomplete, and the other nine are complete. The statue and the seat are carved from a whole stone and embedded in the stone trough seat. The image is 2.25m high, 0.75m wide, 0.75m thick, 0.75m long and 0.5m wide. Twelve stone statues have different faces, wearing small crowns on their heads, with low front and high back, and obvious hairline. The hairline at the back is shaped like a "human", with Fiona Fang on the face, ears attached to the cheeks, individual eyebrows bent, almond eyes, wings on the nose, some thick beards, and some without short necks. Wearing mop skirts, showing their feet, and some of them are disabled. The hand column sword is on the chest, outside the left hand and inside the right hand. The scabbard of this sword has four knots and two thorns. According to an ancient legend in Shi Hu, there is a monster named Wang Xiang who eats the brains of the dead, but Wang Xiang is afraid of tigers and cypresses. Therefore, cypress trees were planted on the emperor's mausoleum and Shi Hu was placed in the town to ward off evil spirits. Shi Hu, Shunling and Shi Hu are located on both sides of Yang's tomb. Four tigers, arranged on both sides of the tomb, with Shi Hu in the west and Shi Hu in the east (obtained by archaeological excavation in 2006 and arranged after restoration). Shi Hu sculpture in Shunling is located between tigers and lions, which was obviously listed when the tomb was built, and it has the style before the Tang Dynasty. Shihu Lake is1.55m high,1.45m long and 0.7m wide. The front legs are upright and the rear legs are bent. The left front leg of Shi Hu in the north is damaged, and the stone base is buried underground. Shi Hu's sculptures are vivid and magnificent, inheriting the tradition of stone carving in the Southern Dynasties, but their shapes are more realistic and their styles are closer to realism. Shiyang Shiyang is located on both sides of the tomb of Yang in the inner city, with a total of four. Stone sheep in the east and south, with the head west and the tail east. The image is1.48m high,1.44m long and 0.68m wide. The stone sheep on the north side is a replica. There are two sheep to the west of Shiyang, with their heads in the east and tails in the west. Shiyang in the west and south is 1.35m high, 1.35m long and 0.68m wide. Shiyang in the west and north is1.45m high,1.5m long and 0.68m wide. Three stone sheep crouched on a stone base, their limbs bent. The statue and pedestal are carved from a whole stone, and the stone pedestal is buried underground. The heads of the three stone sheep are slightly raised, and the horns are horns, which are coiled from top to inside. Drum eyes, small nostrils, shut up. The body is thick and round, the tail is small, the front hoof kneels on the ground, and the back hoof is bent. This kind of sheep is fierce, but loyal and docile to its owner. Put it in front of the tomb to ward off evil spirits. Its artistic value is not as good as the stone carvings in the outer cities. In the Tang Dynasty, except for the mausoleum presented by great-grandfather Li Yuan, stone horses were placed in all emperors' tombs from Zhaoling, and stone horses were also placed in Shunling. No horse exhibition remains were found on both sides of the Shinto in Shunling, Zhangma, but there are four stone horses in the north gate (Xuanwu Gate), two of which were rebuilt after archaeological excavation in 2006. The original complete stone horse statue is1.86m high, 2.6m long and 0.86m wide. The seat is 2.28 meters long and 0.9 meters wide. Statues and seats are carved from a whole stone. The stone horse's head is small, its ears are broken and its mouth is rough. Decorate the reins, and the mane hangs on both sides of the neck. Backrest with saddle and pedal. Round hips. The limbs and hooves are thick, and the thick tail is connected with the stone seat. There are traces of horse control, and horse control has been lost; The original stone horse, with limbs, is 2.5m long, 0.82m wide and1.15m high. Small head, disabled ears and rough mouth. Decorate the reins and hang the mane on the left side of the neck. Backrest with saddle and pedal. Round hips. There are 12 front chest and rear hip ornaments. Shunling Monument In the history of Shunling Cemetery, there are at least two stone monuments. One is that when Yang was buried in September of the first year of Xianheng, the official monument was erected. Tang Gaozong wrote the inscription personally, but I don't know where the monument is scattered. Today, its shape, specifications and inscriptions are unknown. Another monument in Shunling is the Shunling monument made in the second year of Chang 'an (702), which is called "the Empress Monument for Filial Piety and Filial Piety in the Week of Da Zhou". At this time, Yang has been dead for 32 years. The inscription was written by Wu Sansi and Li, with more than 4,000 words. The inscription is square, seal script, strong and powerful, and each word is one inch and five points larger. The word 16 newly created by Wu Zetian was also used. Shunling Monument has stood for 854 years, with a height of about 6 meters and a width of 3.2 meters, and an inscription of four or five thousand words. Together with the monument head and pedestal, the overall height is about 10 meter, which exceeds the Monument to the Holy Year written by Emperor Gaozong of Ganling and the Monument Without Words written by Wu Zetian. This is unique in the tombs of royalty and national interests in the Tang Dynasty. Unfortunately, this peerless monument was built during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. After the Qing dynasty, people found fragments from the river bank, 8 pieces handed down from generation to generation, with characters of *** 18 lines and 46 characters. This is the famous "Shunling Monument", a stone carving treasure highly praised by calligraphers. Today, people can only appreciate the elegance of Shunling Monument from the fragments collected by Xianyang Museum. There is a site outside the south gate, surrounded by broken bricks, which should be the ruins after the monument destroyed the pavilion. The new characters created by Wu Zetian used in the Shunling Monument are from April of the first year of Yongchang (689) to June of the first year of Zaichu (690), which was inspired or drafted by her and presided over by Wu. Only the word "qi" has been used so far. Although some people think that the characters in Shunling tablet contain ideas such as superstition, retro and ignorance, they are regarded as Chinese characters. Other remains According to documents, Wu Sansi was buried with Yang. The tombstone of Wusansi Town was unearthed near Shunling, and the inscription reads "Now accompany Shunling", but the tomb of Wusansi is still unknown. According to records, after the death of Wu Zetian, the Wu Dynasty ended, and Li regained control of state power, Cheng Si's tomb was dug up and thrown into the coffin to vent his anger. It is possible that Wu Sansi's tomb suffered the same result. At first, it was thought that the tomb on the east side of the two ancient tombs in the southwest of Yang Tomb was Wu Sansi's tomb. 1984, Shaanxi Institute of Archaeology (Shaanxi Institute of Archaeology) conducted a rescue archaeological excavation of this tomb, and confirmed it as the tomb of Princess Xiangyang and Ma Doudan, Li Yuan's youngest daughter. The birthday tomb of Princess Ma Dou in Xiangyang and the tomb of Su Jun on the west side are not buried with Yang, but in the same place before Yang. The birthday tombs of Princess Xiangyang and Fumadou are the only double burial tombs in the architectural history of China Mausoleum, which have high research value. More than 250 cultural relics have been unearthed. The color painting on the tomb wall is vivid, the powder is simple and light, and the color is applied to the burned ink marks, with different shades and full three-dimensional sense. The line drawing is full of movement, which fully embodies the painting skills in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Stone carvings, figure modeling and winding techniques, leaves and monster patterns unearthed from the tomb mouth are as smooth as clouds, with white lines on a black background and full lines dancing in a certain standard. The stars and the moon at the top of the tomb are inlaid with shells, pearls, agates, jade, crystals, amber and turquoise, which are very spectacular. Su Jun's Tomb, the west side of Princess Xiangyang and Ma Dou's Tomb, were stolen many times in the early years. The bottom diameter of sealing soil is about 30m, and the height is about10m. 1960 was excavated as a slope tomb with seven wells and two rooms. The pyramid-shaped mound faces south and is 73 meters long. The third and fourth patios, the fifth and sixth patios and the front room are domes. Murals are painted in the tombs, tunnels and front and back rooms, including dragons, white tigers, sacrificial ceremonies, attendants, halberds and astrology. 335 pottery figurines such as etiquette, horse riding and prostitute music were unearthed; A few pieces of ceramics; Gold-plated copper locks, keys, gold-plated door ornaments, iron shops; On the same side of the epitaph (Zhi Yi), the words "Epitaph of Su Jun in Late Tang Dynasty" were stamped. A tombstone of Wusansi Town 1 Fang has been unearthed near Shunling, and there is a book engraved with "Accompany Shunling Now". There are two mounds in the southwest of the cemetery, east and west side by side. In the west, an unearthed seal script and Su Fujun's epitaph were covered; A collapsed building was unearthed in Dongyou 1984. In the Tang Dynasty, Guanglugong and the Ministry of Industry made Shangshu hold the memorial of Jingzhou, and Wei Shangzhu, Xin 'an Gong and Zhou Dou Fujun cemetery records. Cultural Relics Protection1961March, the State Council announced Shunling as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. 1962 Shaanxi Provincial Cultural Relics Management Committee delineates the scope of protection, completes signs, and establishes data files and public protection organizations. 1980 Shunling Cultural Relics Protection Institute was established to be responsible for daily protection. On June 5438+ 10, 2004, Shaanxi Provincial Bureau of Cultural Relics reached an agreement with the Japanese consortium "Cultural Property Protection and Art Research and Construction Assistance Consortium", and Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics Protection and Tokyo Institute of Cultural Property signed the "Cooperation Agreement on the Protection and Restoration of Stone Carvings in Tangling, Shaanxi". From April, 2004 to June, 2008, 5438+ 10, Shaanxi Provincial Bureau of Cultural Relics organized Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics Protection, Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology, Ganling Museum, Shunling Cultural Management Institute and pucheng county Cultural Relics Bureau to cooperate with Tokyo Institute of Cultural Property to implement the demonstration project of stone carving protection and restoration in Ganling, Shunling and Qiaoling. Every year, Chinese and Japanese expert groups regularly visit the site to evaluate the progress and effect of the project (including archaeology, environmental improvement and protection and restoration), and put forward suggestions and guidance on existing problems. From June 5438 to October 2005 10, Shunling part of the Tang Sanling stone carving protection project, also invested by Japanese friend Tetsuo Kuroda, was implemented by Shaanxi Cultural Protection Center, and Shunling Cultural Management Office was responsible for overall coordination. In 2006, Shaanxi Province started the archaeological investigation of "Shaanxi Tang Mausoleum Site Protection Project", which included 18 Tang Mausoleums, 2 ancestral tombs and Shun Mausoleum of Wu Zetian's mother. On June 23rd, 2008, National Cultural Heritage Administration approved the "Request for Instructions on Submitting the Conservation Plan of Shunling Cultural Relics" (Shaanxi Word [2007] No.226). On March 18, 2009, the relevant person in charge of the protection and restoration project of Tang Ling stone carving in China and Japan reported on the archaeological investigation, environmental improvement planning, stone carving protection completion, application of technical methods and their achievements. The expert group fully affirmed the achievements of the project in archaeological investigation, cultural relics protection and scientific research, unanimously agreed to pass the project acceptance and gave high praise. On July 3, 20 12, National Cultural Heritage Administration approved the "Request for Instructions on the Design Scheme for the Protection and Exhibition of the Nanmenque Site in Shunling" (No.98 [2065438+02]), agreeing in principle with the design ideas and opinions of the first scheme. On June 6, 20 14, National Cultural Heritage Administration approved the request for instructions on setting up the protection and exhibition project of Tang mausoleum (Shunling) (Shaanxi Cultural Relics Zi [20 14]No. 190) and agreed in principle to set up the protection and exhibition project of Tang mausoleum. 20 15, 10 On April 6, National Cultural Heritage Administration approved the "Request for Instructions on the Protection Scheme of the First Avenue (Xincheng Middle Avenue-Beichen Avenue) in Airport New Town, Xixian New District, Shaanxi Province" (Shaanxi Cultural Relics Zi [20 15] No.21), and agreed to Xixian New Area in principle. Legend has it that the local people in Shunling said that after Wu Zetian became emperor, she specially chose Li Dalang, a famous stone carving master in China at that time, to build Shunling. At that time, they collected many blue boulders from Yaozhou Mountain. It took a year to finally transport these huge stones to the foot of the wilderness near Jinghe River. At that time, the king ordered that Shunling be built urgently. Li Dalang used his quick wits, so he carved stones on the beach of Jinghe River, and hundreds of masons showed their skills. In less than a month, they carved statues of stone sheep, stone horses, stone lions and stone cows in front of Shunling. On the day when the carving was completed, Li Dalang and others were worried again. How could such a heavy stone carving be transported away? They thought hard and discussed and said, "It is better to die!" So he agreed to hit a stone and die. When they hit the stone beast together, they lost their breath and were unconscious. When they woke up, they only felt that the sky was dark and they couldn't see their fingers. It seemed that they could still hear the wheezing of cows and the snoring of mules and horses. When the fog cleared in the morning, I saw not a stone carving left. Li Dalang and others followed the footprints on the ground, and all the stone carvings have been erected around Shunling. Because Shunling was built here and carved with stone carving animals, people call this ferry a stone-repairing ferry, which has been in use ever since. Tourist information address: Shunling is located at the east end of Hanjia Village (called Hongduyuan in Tang Dynasty) in Zhangdi Township, northeast of xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, about 40km away from Xi and only 1km away from Xianyang International Airport. Admission: 10 yuan opening hours: 08: 00- 18: 00 Transportation: Take bus No.3 and No.8 in Xianyang city.