Paper Keywords: mechanical course experiment scientific literacy innovation ability
Abstract: Mechanics course is one of the courses that engineers and technicians must study. Because of the strong conceptual, abstract and applied characteristics of the course, it is very important to set up experimental links in the course, and experiments have a great role in promoting the learning of the course. Experimental link is an effective way to cultivate scientific literacy and innovation ability of engineering and technical personnel. In the teaching process, we should deepen the exploration of experimental teaching, increase the proportion of class hours in experimental links, improve the teaching level of mechanics and promote.
1 preface
As a professional basic course, most engineering students have to study mechanics. Mechanics courses are divided into architectural mechanics, engineering mechanics, material mechanics and theoretical mechanics according to students' different levels, professional categories and mechanical knowledge depth. Mechanics course is a very important technical basic course for majors closely integrated with engineering, such as architecture, machinery and aviation, and it is an important prerequisite for these students to learn professional courses well. The characteristic of mechanics course is that the problems it studies are all combined with engineering practice and are real problems encountered in production and life. As we know, experiment is also one of the methods to solve practical engineering problems, so the study of mechanics course is closely related to experiment. Adding experimental links to mechanics course is an effective way to learn mechanics course well. The study of mechanics course is inseparable from the experimental link, and adding experimental links is the most intuitive and effective way to learn mechanics course well. Therefore, the role of experimental link in mechanics course is very important.
Experiments can better stimulate students' interest in learning mechanics courses.
Interest is an important motivation to promote people's awareness of activities. In class, if students are interested in what they have learned, they will participate in it with a positive attitude and a happy mood, thus experiencing that learning is an endless pleasure. The study of mechanical theory is boring. The course contains basic concepts and terms related to mechanics, and there are many confusing terms. The mechanical action scene is abstract and practical. If students can't get correct and effective guidance, they will easily shrink back and give up studying the course. Therefore, it is necessary to guide students step by step according to the characteristics of strong concept, strong abstraction and strong application of mechanics course, which requires the cooperation of mechanical experiments, including material mechanics experiments and structural mechanics experiments. Different experimental items are set according to the key and difficult points of the course to help students learn. For example, in mechanics of materials, there are many doubts among students about the concepts of internal forces such as stretching, compression and torsion of materials, which must be explained clearly and convincingly, otherwise it is not conducive to cultivating students' analytical and thinking abilities. After explaining each concept, we should carry out the corresponding experimental projects in the experiment, give detailed guidance to the experimental process, and make a scientific analysis of the failure form and experimental data of the specimens after the experiment, so that students can have a profound understanding of the related internal force concepts. Thus, the problems of strong concept and abstract scene in mechanics course are solved. Mechanics course has strong practical application, which requires adding examples of practical engineering problems in the teaching process. For example, in the axial tension and compression test of materials, what is the purpose of doing the experiment and what role does it play in engineering practice? This experiment can detect mechanical parts and building materials, and it is necessary to study the properties of materials and design new parts. For example, the design of the load parts in the lifting device and the design of the transmission shaft in the reducer all require experiments and careful scientific calculation to design the size and material selection. In the teaching of mechanics course, according to these characteristics of the course, experimental items are set up in a targeted way to stimulate students' interest in learning mechanics knowledge and form the habit of solving problems from experiments and learning in happiness. Teachers should make full use of the characteristics of mechanics and experimental conditions to serve the course, stimulate students' interest in learning and solve students' problems in mechanics learning.
3 Experimental links can cultivate students' scientific literacy.
Scientific literacy mainly includes people's basic understanding of scientific knowledge; Have a basic understanding of scientific research processes and methods; As far as the basic understanding of science and technology to society and personal influence is concerned, scientific literacy is a part of citizens' basic quality. Nowadays, cultivating students' scientific literacy has become the demand of the times calling for high-tech talents, and it has become the general requirement for citizens' comprehensive quality in the future social progress and national survival and development. Efforts to cultivate citizens who master science and technology in the new century are aimed at improving the international status and comprehensive national strength of the future country. The goal of science education has two characteristics: on the one hand, how to learn science is included in the goal of science education; On the other hand, it emphasizes the development of students' personality and potential. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of national construction and scientific and technological development, innovative talents should have good scientific literacy, necessary scientific knowledge, scientific way of thinking, scientific understanding, scientific attitude and values, and the awareness and ability to solve problems by using scientific knowledge and methods [1]. As the necessary knowledge for engineers and technicians, the teaching of mechanics course is particularly important. In the process of teaching, we should take cultivating and improving students' scientific literacy as the basic goal of education. After studying in colleges and universities, science and engineering students should have good moral quality, rich knowledge and skills, creative thinking, ability to analyze and solve problems, honest attitude and healthy spirit, and become the pillars of national construction. In order to achieve the educational goal, it needs to be reflected through all teaching links in the education process, and the experimental link plays an important role in cultivating students' scientific literacy. For many disciplines and majors of science and engineering, mechanics is the main course, which has a main line of development and is closely related to other courses. Through systematic and in-depth mechanical knowledge study and application training in professional engineering, students can gradually master extensive and in-depth mechanical knowledge, learn correct thinking methods, and acquire the ability to analyze and solve mechanical related problems in engineering. Experiments are at an important stage in the process of cultivating students' scientific literacy. Mechanical experiments are very important to cultivate students' good scientific literacy. In the process of experiment, let students construct the experimental content meaningfully, and use the mechanical theory they have learned before to construct the current experimental content meaningfully. If you encounter problems, you need to find materials for self-study after class, which cultivates students' ability to continue learning, that is, learn to learn; At the same time, in the experiment, through the complete scientific research process training, students initially learned how to engage in scientific research and cultivated their practical ability, that is, learned to do things; Communication with the instructor in the experiment, communication and cooperation with the same group of students, expression ability in front of the whole class, etc. , not only to learn to cooperate; At the same time, learn the practical operation skills of mechanical experiments, master the technology and adapt to survival. In this series of processes, students' scientific literacy is gradually cultivated.
The close combination of mechanical experiment and engineering practice is a necessary means to train engineers and technicians.
Experiments play a very important role in all disciplines. The development of science and technology can not be separated from experiments, and theories that have not been tested by experiments are just empty theories. The teaching process of mechanics course is inseparable from the experimental link. On the road of the development of mechanics, many scientists' inventions are the results of a large number of scientific experiments, so the experimental ability plays an important role in cultivating modern engineering and technical talents. In the process of learning mechanical knowledge, there are bound to be many difficulties, and learning by experiment is a very effective method. Experimental teaching is a kind of teaching activity combining intelligence with ability, theory with practice. Its function is to consolidate and deepen the understanding of the basic concepts and theories of mechanics, so that students can master basic testing skills and understand scientific experimental methods when they are in contact with and familiar with the use of experimental instruments, cultivate students' ability to comprehensively analyze problems and apply the theories they have learned to solve practical problems, help cultivate students' habit of using their hands and brains and carefully observing things, and let students know that experiments are an effective means to solve engineering problems. Therefore, experimental teaching is an important part of the whole teaching process and a supplement to theoretical teaching. Training outstanding scientific and technological talents is inseparable from experimental teaching.
Mechanical experiment is the basis of cultivating students' innovative ability.
Innovation ability is the synthesis of various psychological characteristics that can create new theories and new things with social value, and refers to the ability to solve problems creatively. It mainly includes creative thinking and creative imagination, and creative thinking is the core of psychology of creation. Creative thinking is the synthesis of human thinking and an advanced form of intellectual development. When mankind has entered the 2 1 century, the development of science and technology is changing with each passing day, and the competition between countries and industries is becoming more and more fierce, among which the competition for talents is becoming more and more fierce. Speaking of talent competition, in the final analysis, it is the competition of innovation ability. In the process of training engineering and technical personnel, it is very necessary and important to cultivate innovative ability. The cultivation of innovation ability is an important purpose of education in various disciplines, and the development of disciplines and science and technology cannot be separated from innovation ability [2]. Mechanics education should pay more attention to the cultivation of students' innovative ability, which requires that students' thinking ability should be improved, students' autonomous learning ability should be brought into play, students' thirst for knowledge should be stimulated, and students' innovative ability should be better cultivated through various trainings in the teaching process. Mechanical experiment is a good training method. Engineering mechanics experiment, as a part of engineering mechanics course, plays an important role in training students' practical operation skills, cultivating their practical ability and forming innovative thinking. Mechanical experiments include basic experiments, comprehensive experiments and open experiments. Students have mastered the usage and working principle of instruments and equipment through basic experiments, and completed the basic experimental skills required by the teaching syllabus. After that, through comprehensive experiments, students can combine relevant knowledge with experimental methods to solve problems and improve their comprehensive cognitive level of knowledge. Finally, give full play to students' subjective initiative and guide them to carry out design and innovative experiments. This kind of experiment is the key to the experimental link, and the experimenter's design ideas and practical ability will be reflected at this stage. Let students design their own experimental scheme, including instruments, experimental procedures and experimental principles. In the design experiment, students will become the protagonists of experimental research. Combining professional basic knowledge with engineering practice can stimulate students' creativity, especially provide a stage for horizontal expansion and innovation of what they have learned, which not only deepens students' understanding and application of what they have learned, but also cultivates students' ability to solve and deal with problems and improves their innovative thinking and practical ability.
6 abstract
Mechanics teaching has the characteristics of strong theory and strong engineering practice, and experiments are indispensable in the teaching process, and the role of experiments in teaching is also very obvious. However, at this stage, our experimental teaching link is not very mature. Some colleges and universities have set a lower proportion of mechanical experiment class hours, or reduced their proportion through curriculum reform. I hope that the majority of mechanics educators will continue to deepen the exploration of mechanics teaching methods, especially the innovation of experimental teaching, give full play to the characteristics of experimental teaching, improve the level of mechanics education, and cultivate more engineering and technical talents with good scientific literacy and strong innovation ability in the new era!
References:
Zhong Qiquan. Foreign Science Literacy Theory and Science Curriculum Reform [J]. Comparative Education Research,1997 (1):16? 2 1.
[2] Tang Xiaowen. Reforming the experimental teaching of mechanics of materials focuses on cultivating students' engineering quality and innovative ability [J] Higher Architectural Education, 2003, (4):83-84.
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