The length of Chinese abstracts should be controlled within 100 words, not more than 300 words, and English abstracts should generally not exceed 250 substantive words. If necessary, the length can be increased, and the Chinese and English abstracts should be consistent.

This is an independent paper. Even if you don't read the full text of the paper, you can still understand the main content of the paper, the author's new ideas and ideas, the purpose to be achieved, the methods adopted, the results and conclusions of the research.

The content of the paper should be rich, the core issues should be grasped, the content of the paper should be summarized, that is, what the author did and how it was realized, and the experimental results and research conclusions should be clearly explained. Purpose, method, result and conclusion are called the four elements of an abstract.

Matters needing attention in abstract

There should be a complete narrative, highlighting logic, concise words and reasonable structure. No preface, background and other details, no comments and notes.

Delete unnecessary literary embellishment, not including the author's future plans and content irrelevant to the topic, not using special symbols, not using charts and formulas, not listing examples, not appearing symbols of formulas, charts and references in the text, and avoiding writing a list of subtitles in the text.