Research and progress of new technology of chemical separation technology
[Abstract] The application scope and new development direction of chemical separation technology were mainly analyzed, and the cost requirements of chemical separation technology were evaluated according to the requirements of market society. Finally, the application of activated carbon fiber (ACF) in the market was taken as an example to illustrate the specific application of new chemical separation technology.
[Keywords:] Chemical separation technology; New technology; Application prospect
China Library Classification Number: TQ028 Document Identification Number: Part A Number:1009-914x (2014) 20-0380-01.
Chemical separation technology is an important branch of chemical research, which uses the unique function of chemical equipment to effectively separate the whole compound from the corresponding compound. In all chemical production, chemical separation technology runs through the whole production process. From the development history of chemical separation technology, the original single theoretical research of chemical separation technology has gradually changed into an effective combination of theory and practice, and practical and effective chemical separation technology practice has been carried out in the fields of energy, biology, environment and so on, so that theoretical knowledge can be applied to real life and people's life and work efficiency can be facilitated. On this basis, chemical separation technology has produced a new separation technology, which can be applied to more fields. The popularization of this greater degree of chemical separation technology has gradually matured the development of chemical separation technology.
First, the application scope of new chemical separation technology.
1, environmental protection project
With the development of human society and the popularization of science and technology, people's living standards have been greatly improved, but the reality of environmental pollution is very worrying. The wanton discharge of various pollutants such as waste water makes the quality of people's living environment decline continuously, and even people will suffer from some incurable diseases because of the chronic pollution of some waste gas and waste water. For example, the famous Minamata disease in Japan in last century. From the point of view of chemical separation, all kinds of waste gas and wastewater discharged in many industrial manufacturing processes are not useless. Whether it is sulfide, carbon dioxide or other radioactive waste, it can be well recycled if reasonable chemical separation and treatment methods are adopted. In this way, waste can be recycled in industrial production, while reducing environmental pollution, unlike simple treatment methods such as biochemical treatment or arbitrary discharge, which have no effective use value for people or the environment.
2. Energy utilization
Energy supply is a necessity for our survival and development today. Without energy supply, we humans can't survive, and enterprises can't survive. It can be said that the rational use of energy is the basis for the sound development of the country and society, which can save energy and reduce emissions. If it is not used well, it will have a great impact on all aspects of society. Generally speaking, today's energy sources are mainly oil, natural gas and coal, and with the development of chemical technology, related petroleum products such as plastics and other ethylene compounds have appeared in our lives. Because these resources are non-renewable, we must further save energy and reduce consumption in the process of chemical separation and make full use of existing resources.
3. Biopharmaceuticals
Bio-pharmaceutical technology is a high-tech that was born with the emergence of new biotechnology such as DNA recombination in the 1970s. Its development must rely on chemical separation technology to extract biological activity efficiently and cleanly. At the same time, it also puts forward new requirements for the innovation of separation agent, separation equipment and separation process in chemical separation technology. There is an interactive relationship between biopharmaceutical technology and chemical separation technology. People's demand for biopharmaceutical technology must depend on the development of chemical separation technology to a great extent, so as to enhance the development of biopharmaceutical technology in the process of ensuring biological activity.
Second, the development status of chemical separation technology and new technology
1, crystallization separation
For crystallization separation, traditional chemical separation methods include freezing and concentration. In this way, because of low efficiency and large demand, energy consumption efficiency is very objective. According to the latest chemical crystallization separation technology, extraction, high pressure and fusion can effectively replace the original traditional methods such as freezing and concentration.
In extractive separation, the substance to be extracted is extracted by using a mixture with similar physical properties such as boiling point. For extraction separation technology, this method can be used for both organic matter and inorganic matter.
Under high pressure separation, the melting point of the substance itself will decrease due to the increase of pressure, and crystals will form continuously. In this process, due to the increase of impurity concentration in the liquid phase, the phase transition pressure will continue to rise. Under the pressure of crystals, the discharged mother liquor will be evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain separated crystalline substances.
2. Membrane separation
Membrane separation technology is mainly to separate, classify, purify and enrich the mixture of gas phase or liquid phase according to the permeability of specific membrane and external pressure. For membrane separation technology, the required cost is small, and the corresponding pollution discharge is also small, which is suitable for large-scale development and utilization. Membrane separation technology can be divided into ion membrane technology, gas separation membrane technology, membrane extraction technology, membrane distillation technology, microfiltration membrane technology and so on. For example, in ion membrane technology, due to its remarkable energy-saving effect, it can largely replace the traditional diaphragm method to produce caustic soda. This technology can also be applied to medical and food industries and seawater desalination projects.
3. Pressure swing adsorption separation
Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is mainly used for gas separation, which separates the difference of subdivision ability of specific gases through specific adsorbents in mixed gases. This method has a wide application range and relatively simple operation process, which plays a very good role in gas separation. Such as purifying methane from natural gas or preparing carbon monoxide from mixed gas of carbon monoxide. Pressure swing adsorption separation method can separate the target gas well. This relatively convenient method of using specific adsorbent makes its energy-saving effect and economic benefit very considerable.
4. The new technology of chemical separation conflicts with reality.
The innovation and development of chemical engineering methods have brought people in this field prospects, but whether a technology is mature or not, its ultimate sign is not how excellent and high-end, but whether it can be popularized and applied in the market at a relatively low cost. Emerging chemical separation technology does show advantages in many examples of chemical separation, but the high cost of some new technologies is not affordable for every enterprise. Corresponding to the high cost of enterprises, whether products can be accepted by high-priced customers is also a risk.
When considering the innovation of chemical separation technology, we must take the idea of low cost and simple steps as the premise. If this requirement can't be met, even if the chemical separation technology is excellent, it can only be used in a small range, and it can't really popularize this technology in society and promote social development and progress. Therefore, while innovating chemical separation technology, we must consider the cost factor, carry out scientific and technological innovation on the premise of low cost, put the popularization and application of new technologies in the first place of innovation, and truly serve the public.
Thirdly, taking the adsorption of toxic gas from home decoration by activated carbon fiber as an example, the practical application of new chemical separation technology is expounded.
Activated carbon is a new type of high-efficiency adsorption material. Compared with traditional granular activated carbon, it has the characteristics of strong adsorption capacity and high speed. Moreover, because activated carbon fiber is granular, it is not easy to be crushed, causing unnecessary pollution, so it has a good effect on the adsorption of pollutants such as home decoration. In the process of home decoration, various toxic metal gases will be produced due to the use of various decoration materials, and activated carbon fiber (ACF) has a good adsorption effect on metal ions, which can separate and adsorb the toxic gases mixed in the air, thus purifying the air. In the adsorption process of ACF, high valence metal ions will be reduced to low valence metal ions, which are Au, Ag, Pt, Hg ~ 2+ and Fe ~ 3+ respectively, and the adsorption capacity will be greatly increased in most redox reactions. The reduction adsorption capacities of Au3+ and Hg2+ are 1200-2000 mg/g and 600-800 mg/g respectively.
On the whole, the research results of chemical separation technology and new technology have gradually expanded, from the original single theoretical research to the effective combination of theory and practice, and practical and effective new technical practices of chemical separation technology have been carried out in the fields of energy, biology and environment. And apply the theoretical knowledge to real life, so as to improve the efficiency of related work, so as to make the innovation and development of chemical separation technology mature gradually to a greater extent.
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[2] Xu Zhice. Zhang Xuemei. Zhang Zhiyan. Huang Yongmao. Present situation and development of energy saving in chemical separation process [J]. Jiangsu Chemical Industry. Issue 6, 2008
[3] Zhu Jiawen. Ji Lijun. Fang Yeding. Chemical separation engineering and high-tech development [J]. Chemical industry and engineering technology. 2000, no 2 1 vol. 2.
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