Basic format of 2000-word composition model essay
Unified requirements for the format of undergraduate graduation thesis (design)
Dissertation is an academic paper that shows that the author has groundbreaking research results or new ideas in research work, and is written for the content as a corresponding summary. In order to further improve the quality of dissertations, standardize the writing, printing and binding formats of dissertations, and facilitate the preservation, retrieval, utilization and communication, the following requirements are formulated:
First, the content and format of graduation thesis
The paper size of the dissertation is A4, the top margin and left margin of the page are 3cm, and the bottom margin and right margin are 2.5cm respectively.
Cm. Header: The odd page header is "Graduation Thesis (Design) of Changzhi University", and the even page header is the title of the thesis (excluding subtopics), centered, in font No.5, with margins of 2.
Cm. Footer: Page numbers should be set. Page numbers should be written from the first page of the text and arranged in Arabic numerals. The page numbers before the text, including the abstract, should be in Roman numerals, and all the page numbers should be in the middle.
1. cover: the cover includes the title of the paper, the instructor, the student's name, student number, department (department), major, graduation date and other information, and this page has no number.
2. Title: The title should summarize the main contents of the whole paper, be appropriate, concise, eye-catching, as short as possible, and be strictly controlled within 20 words.
3. Abstract: ①
The first page of the main thesis is a Chinese abstract, which is about 300~500 words, and should explain the purpose, research methods, results and final conclusions of the work. To highlight the creative achievements or new ideas of the paper, the language should be refined. In order to facilitate literature retrieval, the keywords in this paper should be marked on another line at the bottom of this page (3 ~ 5); ②
At the end of the article (after references), the English abstract is the same as Chinese, with no more than 250 substantive words and English topics at the top. The second line, write students' names, instructors … and other information; Keywords should correspond to Chinese to facilitate communication. Chinese abstracts of foreign language papers (designs) rank after English abstracts.
This content is reproduced in the top periodical paper net.
Chinese abstract:
(1) The title is small and thick, 1.5 line spacing, with 0 lines before the paragraph and 0 lines after the paragraph;
(2) The main text is in Song Style No.4, with 1.5 times line spacing;
(3) Keywords: Xiao No.4 genre.
English abstract:
(1) The title is Times New Roman, 1.5 line spacing, with 0 lines before the paragraph and 0 lines after the paragraph;
(2) The main part is Times New Roman with 1.5 times line spacing;
(3) Keywords: Neo-Roman in Xiao No.4 era.
4. Table of Contents: It should be a separate page, including the titles (i.e. the first and second titles) and page numbers of all chapters in the paper. The table of contents requires a clear title hierarchy, which should be consistent with the title in the text, and the appendices should be included in the table of contents in turn.
(1) The word "table of contents", with two spaces in the middle and two small bold faces, with a spacing of 0.5 times before and after paragraphs;
(2) The main part is a small four-song style, aligned to the left, and the row spacing is 0, 1.5 times after the front section;
5. Introduction: Before the text of the paper, the purpose and significance of this study, the research status at home and abroad are briefly and comprehensively reviewed, and the problems to be solved in this paper are expounded.
6. Text: This is the core part of the thesis. The content of writing can be different according to the nature of the research topic, which generally includes: ① theoretical analysis; ② Research data and experimental calculation methods; ③ Analyze and discuss the experimental results after finishing and processing, and compare with the theoretical calculation results; Comparison between this research method and existing research methods.
(1) Body parts
①
Text title: 1 level title: bold No.4, 0.5 line before the paragraph and 0.5 line after the paragraph; Secondary title: Song typeface black, small No.4, 0.5 line before the paragraph and 0 line after the paragraph; Third-level title: italics, GB23 12, No.4, Times
New Rome; ② Text content: Song Zixiao No.4, the first line is indented, and the line spacing is 1.5. In the introduction and text, where documents are quoted, 1 2 3 should be marked with brackets [] after the quoted sentences.
, superscript. Example: [1].
(2) Quantity and unit
All units of measurement shall adopt the national standard GB 3 100-GB 3 102-93. Units of non-physical quantities can be composed of Chinese characters and symbols.
③ Punctuation marks
Punctuation marks should be used correctly in accordance with the unified provisions of the Measures for the Use of Punctuation Marks promulgated by the State Press and Publication Administration to avoid misuse and confusion.
(4) Foreign letters
Foreign language letters are written in accordance with the provisions of China and relevant international standards. Distinguish between italics, uppercase and lowercase letters and footprints.
(5) Formula
Formulas are generally placed in the middle; The numbers in the formula are written in Arabic numerals at different levels, enclosed in brackets and written at the end of the right line. There is no dotted line between the formula and the numbers. If there is a description under the formula, the words "Note:" should be marked in the top box. The transition of a longer formula should be at the operation symbol.
(6) Tables and illustrations
①
Form. Each table should have its own order and title. The contents in the table should be aligned, and the numbers and characters in the table should not be replaced by "ditto" or symbols when repeated continuously. When there is a whole paragraph in the table, leave a space at the beginning of the line, go back to the beginning of the line, and finally don't use punctuation.
The order and name of the table are placed at the top of the table, Chinese No.5, Times New.
Roman. The form is written in Arabic numerals. Three-wire watch. The text in the title is bold, and the text in the table is number 5.
2 illustrations. Each picture should have its own picture order and picture title. Generally, computer drawing is needed. The order and names of the pictures are placed at the bottom of the picture, and the Chinese characters are Song Ti Zi No.5, and No.5 is new.
Roman. . This number is written in Arabic numerals.
(3) The notes in the figure or table are written at the bottom of the figure or table, with the font smaller than 5 and numbered alphabetically.
7. Conclusion: The conclusion should be clear, concise, complete and accurate. It is the final and overall conclusion, not a simple repetition of the summary of each paragraph in the text. We should carefully explain the position and role of our creative work in this field, the significance of our new ideas, and also put forward suggestions, research ideas, suggestions for improving instruments and equipment, and problems to be solved in the conclusion.
8. References: All references should be placed at the end of the article, and their writing formats should be identified by single letters according to GB3469-83 "Document Types and Document Carrier Codes": M monographs, C papers, N newspaper articles, J journal articles, D dissertations, R research reports, S standards and P patents.
(1) only lists the officially published documents that the author has read, cited in the article.
(2) Title No.4 is bold; The main part can be according to the general periodical format, No.5 Song, including the author,
Title and source (name, year, number of volumes, number of issues, number of pages). Books must point out
Publication unit and year). Paragraph 1.5 times line spacing.
9. Acknowledgement: After the English abstract. It is not only a courtesy, but also a respect for the work of others, which is the ideological style of scholars. Do not exceed 300 words.
10, appendix: last page.
Second, the requirements for paper writing and printing.
1. Dissertations are generally less than 10000 words, printed on both sides of the computer, with clear handwriting and correct punctuation.
2. The cover of the dissertation adopts the unified format of the whole department (see attachment template). The spine should have the title of the paper and the author's name, and it is required to be written in Song style.
3. The submitted papers should be carefully revised according to the opinions of reviewers and defense members. In this paper, the typo rate does not exceed 1‰, and all punctuation marks are input in Chinese. Such as:,; . (); Clear charts (preferably non-copies, especially color charts) to ensure quality.
2000-word composition model essay
On College Students' Thesis Writing
In view of the characteristics of literature information demand of university students' graduation thesis writing under the network environment and the changes and development of library's literature resource service mode, this paper puts forward the service path of university library in university students' graduation thesis writing.
Walking into the favorite ivory tower, many students will find that paper writing is very common, but there is no fixed model for reference on how to write a good paper. However, the absence of a fixed pattern does not mean that there are no rules to follow in the writing of papers. The author believes that the following seven aspects should be paid attention to in the process of writing the thesis:
On the one hand, determine the theme (determine the topic of the paper). Theoretically, you can write anything if you choose any topic within your major, as long as you have new ideas, new discoveries, new perspectives, new research methods and new materials. But remember: hmm.
At first it was half.
It's done. A good topic selection is equal to half the success of the paper! Two problems should be paid attention to when defining the topic: First, the choice of the topic should be practical, and a good paper aims to have certain guiding significance to social real life. If you just talk about theory, it is no different from looking in the mirror; The second is to be novel, try to choose relatively new objects for writing, and don't repeat the work of predecessors.
The second aspect is to clarify the research significance of the topic. A good paper can promote the development of an industry in a big way, and can solve the practical problems of enterprises in a small way or have reference significance for solving problems. The writing of the paper should stand at a higher angle, so that the vision will be broadened, the problems will be more comprehensive and it will be easier to grasp the essence of things. And to do this, we must first make clear the meaning of the topic:
First of all, pay attention to the practical value of the topic and choose a topic with practical significance. The so-called practical value of the paper means that the topic should be closely related to social life and should be concerned by millions of people, especially the problems that need to be solved urgently in the cause of socialist modernization. This kind of problem reflects the focus and hotspot of social life in a certain historical period and stage, and is closely related to the interests of the broad masses of the people. It is very meaningful for us to study it with our theoretical knowledge, put forward our own opinions and explore ways to solve the problem. This will not only make the book knowledge I have learned practical application, but also improve my ability to analyze and solve problems.
Secondly, we should pay attention to the theoretical value of the topic. We emphasize the practical value of the topic, which does not mean the pragmatism of quick success and instant benefit, nor do we advocate that the topic must have direct benefits. As a paper, both in form and content, it is different from work summary and investigation report. Generally speaking, it consists of three elements: argument, argument and argument. The article should be based on logical thinking, launch a rigorous reasoning process on the basis of facts, and draw a convincing conclusion. It focuses on discussing and studying the objective laws of the development of things, expounding its own knowledge and understanding of these laws, and enlightening people in understanding. Therefore, when choosing a realistic topic, we should also consider whether it has theoretical and cognitive value, that is, whether it has universal significance, whether it can be analyzed and synthesized theoretically, from individual to general, from concrete to abstract.
The third aspect is the overall structure of the paper. The process of writing a thesis should follow the basic principles: asking questions, analyzing problems and solving problems. The question part should explain the main contents, reasons and significance of this research topic. This part should be written concisely, and you must avoid writing your own feelings and feelings at length like a composition, and you should take pains to talk about the thinking process of choosing a topic. At the same time, it should be noted that the question should be put forward clearly and specifically, and sometimes it is necessary to write a little historical review, who has done any research on this subject, and what supplements, revisions or developments the author himself will have to facilitate readers to read and understand this article.
The part of problem analysis is the specific part to expand the topic and express the author's personal research results. It is the main part of the paper, and we must try our best to write it completely and well. In some papers, the questions raised are novel and insightful, but this part is very thin, the argument is not sufficient, the analysis is not in place, and the conclusions barely drawn are difficult to hold water. Such a paper lacks scientific value, so we must try our best to write the analysis part well.
The problem-solving part is a comprehensive summary of the problems analyzed and demonstrated, leading to basic arguments, or putting forward targeted measures and suggestions to solve the problems, which is the answer to the questions in this paper. This part should be concise and specific, so that readers can clearly understand the author's unique views. Most notably, this part must be the natural result of the paper's analysis and argumentation, and the paper is most afraid of jumping to conclusions without full argumentation. It should run through and become a rigorous and perfect whole.
The fourth aspect is the level of the paper. As a paper, as far as the development of ideas is concerned, we should talk about it layer by layer, and then talk about the meaning of another layer. The questions raised at the beginning should be analyzed in the article, and the answers should be given at the end. The arrangement of chapter content should be reasonable, from ancient times to the present, from macro to micro in space, from abroad to domestic, as far as possible. The article should be hierarchical and organized, which has a lot to do with the arrangement and handling of materials. If the relationship between materials is different, the treatment methods will be different. You can't be confused, the level is unclear, and naturally there is no organization. After the overall structure of the paper is formed, it is necessary to read it.
Whether each level is clear, whether there is repetition or contradiction, whether there is gap or redundancy, whether the meaning is coherent and smooth, and whether it meets the proof requirements of each argument.
Fifth, the logic of the paper. As we all know, if people want to think, they must use concepts, judgments, reasoning and other forms of thinking. These thinking forms are not only the means used by human beings to reflect objective reality, but also the basic materials for constructing papers. Only by mastering these thinking forms and their related logical requirements can we write a logical paper. Therefore, in the process of writing a paper, we should abide by the basic laws of logic and consciously apply these basic laws to all aspects of writing and the whole paper. Specifically, we should pay attention to the following issues: (1) The content of the paper conforms to the objective reality and can be convincing; (2) The concept is clear, the judgment is appropriate, and the reasoning is coherent; (3) The contents of the paper are closely related, and the whole paper forms a unified whole; (4) The transition and care at all levels should be consistent, the transition should be natural and appropriate, and the cohesion between paragraphs should be close.
Sixth, language expression. As Marx said: "Language is the direct reality of thought." Although thesis writing needs to have the ability of selecting topics, drawing materials, conceiving and skills, all this must and can only be achieved through language. The level of language expression directly affects the expressive force and appeal of the paper. Only by understanding the characteristics of language and having a rich language reserve can we write a good paper. The effect of language expression is directly related to the quality of the paper. Therefore, passing the language barrier is also an important part of writing a good paper. Although all kinds of articles have different styles and characteristics, the basic requirements for language expression are the same, that is, accuracy, conciseness and vividness.
The language expression of the paper also requires conciseness, vividness, image, accuracy and science. Simplicity means making neat sentences. Language is "more important than substance", expressing as much content as possible in the simplest language, so as to achieve "rich words and concise meaning"; "Accuracy" means that the language should be scientific and logical in general, and can accurately express the contents, thoughts and feelings of the paper; On the premise of correct and clear views and accurate and concise language, the paper should also strive to make the language vivid and not boring to read.
Seventh, the content of the paper. The success, quality and value of a paper largely depend on whether it is innovative or not. The so-called innovation is that the paper shows its own new ideas, new ideas and new ideas. With a more novel point of view, the article has the value of soul and existence. The innovation of the article can be summarized as follows: First, it is "worn out", questioning the existing viewpoints, materials and research methods, putting forward its own new viewpoints and opinions, proving the correctness of its own viewpoints and inspiring people to rethink the problem. The second "supplement" is a comprehensive investigation of the existing viewpoints, materials and argumentation methods, to find out their shortcomings or outdated places and to modify and supplement them. The third "problem solving" is to find the problem from real life, grasp the essence of the problem, rise to the theoretical level, and then put forward measures or suggestions to solve the problem, so as to guide practice in theory. The fourth "prediction" is a forward-looking prediction of existing things and a theoretical study of possible problems.
The above four aspects are only a summary of "innovation", but as long as one of them can be achieved, the title of the article can be considered to be innovative.
Summary: As mentioned above, the model essay for college students has been prepared for you for your reference. If you have any questions about the publication of the paper, you can call us directly.