Dong Se Bai Yanling * Xu Haijinqiao, etc.
(School of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 30007 1)
There are many organelles in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes that perform specific functions, among which mitochondria and plastids contain independent bases.
Due to the limited genetic information of organelles, most of their structural and functional proteins are still encoded by the nuclear genome. From plants
Related research shows that cell nucleus and organelles are not only functionally interdependent, but also genetic information molecules can cross the biofilm barrier.
The transfer between nucleus and organelles and between different organelles can locate some genetic information in cells and cells.
Corresponding changes in gene expression and so on. The study of genetic information transmission mechanism between organelles will help to understand the truth of nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction.
The evolution of nuclear organisms provides important clues.
Organelle; Genetic information; transmit
There are two genetic systems in eukaryotic cells: independent
Nuclear genome and semi-autonomous extranuclear genome. Extranuclear group
Because the population is mainly the mitochondria of animals and plants and the unique qualities of plants.
Body. Most genetic information is located in the nucleus, while mitochondria and plastids
It contains only a limited number of genes related to organelle function. originate from
In fact, there are two conjectures about mitochondria and plastids: (1) organelles are composed of fine cells.
Some genes isolated from the nucleus are composed of [1]. (2) The organelles come from inside.
Primitive autotrophic microorganisms [2]. Now people generally accept the theory of endogenous growth, which should be
According to this theory, mitochondria originated from Proteus, that is, plastids.
Originated from cyanobacteria [3]. * * * evolves in the body.
The typical feature is that genes tend to be simplified gradually, and this simplification process is gene loss.
The process of losing or transferring. Transfer refers to the organelles during evolution.
Some genes are transferred to the nucleus, and they are inherited with this process.
Information is gradually concentrated in the nucleus. Transfer to the gene side of the nucleus.
The surface enlarges the gene content of the nucleus, on the other hand, it also makes some
The function of nuclear gene replaces the function of mitochondria and plastid gene. In that way
However, the exchange of genetic information is not one-way, but also has nuclear bases.
Because of the transfer to organelles, there is also a base between mitochondria and plastids.
Because of communication. Only the plastid genome is relatively conservative, and different plants
In different plants, the genome of the matrix is almost the same, while the mitochondria are the opposite.
The size of mitochondrial genome varies greatly between things.
Nucleus, mitochondria and cytoplasm have been carried out in plant cells.
Genetic information transmission between genomes is only in different ways.
Same. Study on the Communication and Transmission Mode of Intracellular Genetic Information
Gradually unveiled the veil of organelle evolution to realize the genetic transformation of organelles.
It provides an important foundation.
1 Transmission of genetic information between organelles
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