Luoyang, located in the Central Plains, is in danger of Xiaoshan and Mianchi. It is considered to be the throat of Qinchuan and Gansu, the place for Zhao and Wei, and the place for the four governors. If the world is always peaceful, but once there is a war, Luoyang always bears the brunt. For this reason, I once said, "The rise and fall of Luoyang is a sign of world peace or turmoil."

In the heyday of Emperor Taizong's Zhenguan and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, there were more than 1000 officials, nobles, royal families and relatives who built a mansion in Luoyang, the eastern capital. Later, they were displaced by the turmoil, which was followed by the disaster of the Five Dynasties. Those ponds, bamboo forests and trees were trampled by personnel carriers and turned into ruins. Tall pavilions and wide terraces were all burned by the war and reduced to ashes. With the disappearance of the Tang Dynasty, there was no place to live. So I once said, "The prosperity or destruction of Guandi Garden is a sign of the prosperity or decline of Luoyang."

Moreover, the world's peace or turmoil can be seen from the rise and fall of Luoyang; The rise and fall of Luoyang can be seen from the rise and fall of the first garden in the museum. So, is the work "Luoyang Famous Garden" done in vain?

Alas! Officials and doctors were promoted and appointed by the imperial court, indulged in their own selfish desires and did whatever they wanted, but forgot the major events of national peace or turmoil. Can they still enjoy the pleasure of visiting the park after retirement? The final downfall of the Tang Dynasty is a lesson from the past!

Engineering overview

Galand in Luoyang is an essay by Li, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. This paper demonstrates that the rise and fall of Luoyang can be seen from the chaos of the country, and also from the rise and fall of Luoyang gardens. The full text begins with the danger of Luoyang in the world. Luoyang lives in the Central Plains, relying on the precipitous Song and Bo Dynasties, and is the main road of Qin, Long, Zhao and Wei Dynasties, so it has become a battleground for military strategists. Therefore, it is emphasized that the rise and fall of Luoyang is the symbol of the chaos in the world. The second layer, based on the historical fact that more than 1,000 famous gardens were built by high officials in Zhenguan and Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty, discusses that "the rise and fall of gardens is the symbol of the rise and fall of Luoyang", and finally further infers that "the rise and fall of Luoyang is the symbol of the chaos in the world". This essay is based on layer-by-layer reasoning, with strict logic, long parallelism, many overlaps and smooth writing.

original work

The later book "Luoyang Famous Garden"

Luoyang is in the middle of the world, which is the throat of Qin Long, where Zhao and Wei gather, making it a battleground for military strategists. There is nothing in the world, so we must attack Luoyang first. Therefore, I tasted: "The rise and fall of Luoyang is also waiting for the chaos in the world."

Between Fang, Tang Zhenguan and Kaiyuan, officials, nobles and relatives in the East ranked first, and there were thousands of palaces. And its chaos, followed by the coolness of the five seasons, its pond bamboo trees and personnel carriers were destroyed and turned into a mound market; Gaoting Daxie, the fireworks are burned and reduced to ashes, while Tang * * * is destroyed and dead, with nowhere to stay. Therefore, I tasted: "The garden will rise and fall, and Luoyang will also rise and fall."

And rule the chaos of the world, waiting for the rise and fall of Luoyang; The rise and fall of Luoyang depends on the rise and fall of the garden. Is the work of "Famous Garden" for nothing?

Oh! When a doctor goes to North Korea, he only cares about his own self-interest, forgets the rules of the world, and wants to retire and enjoy this pleasure. The end of the Tang Dynasty is over!

Sentence annotation

1.xié: owned.

2. Xiao: Gansu Mountain area in the northwest of Luoning County, Henan Province.

3. Mi (n): Mianchi, an ancient city name, is located in the west of Mianchi County, Henan Province.

4. Qin: Shaanxi area today.

5. Dragon (lǒng): the area around Shaanxi and western Gansu today.

6. Jaw and throat (jρNHóu): It is a metaphor for the danger of terrain.

7. Zhao: The name of the country in the Warring States period refers to Shanxi, Shaanxi and Hebei today.

8. Wei: The name of the country during the Warring States Period refers to the northern part of Henan and the southwestern part of Shanxi.

9. Departure: Describe the traffic peak.

10. Soldier: Encountered with war.

1 1. Zhenguan: The reign of Emperor Taizong was the heyday of the Tang Dynasty.

12. Kaiyuan: The year number of Xuanzong in the Tang Dynasty was a prosperous time in the Tang Dynasty.

13. Opening: Building a luxury house.

14. Five seasons: refers to Hou Liang, Later Tang Dynasty, Later Jin Dynasty, Later Han Dynasty and Wu Hou Dynasty.

15. Whatever (róu): trample.

16. Pavilion (xiè): An open house is on a high platform.

17. Hou: a sign.

18. Garden (yü u): Royal garden with occasional animals and birds.

19. In vain.

20. Communist Youth League: the abbreviation of "three public officials and nine officials" was established in the Xia Dynasty and followed by the Zhou Dynasty. "Gong Qing" is the first title in the Zhou Dynasty, and "Qing" is the title or title of ancient senior officials.

2 1. Entering the DPRK: promoted and appointed by the imperial court.

22. release: indulgence.

23. Do whatever you want.

24. Governance: Governance and troubled times.

25. Come on: Is that okay?

26. Dead end: Dead end means a situation of decline and decline.

Creation background

In the second year of Song Zhe Zongshaosheng (1095), Li wrote "Luoyang Famous Gardens", describing the 19 gardens he experienced. Most of these gardens were built using abandoned gardens in the Tang Dynasty. Luoyang Famous Garden describes in detail the layout characteristics of many gardens, flowers and trees in mountain ponds, architectural landscape and so on. This article is the postscript of Luoyang Famous Garden.

Make an appreciative comment

This article is the postscript of Luoyang Famous Garden. However, it is not so much a postscript to the writing intention as a political paper full of anxiety. Gardens, ponds and pavilions belong to the concept of sightseeing and are very important to the author. Their rise and fall depends on the rise and fall of the city and the rectification of the national movement, and the painful facts of the previous generation are used to warn the "public officials and doctors" who are addicted to pleasure. Angry, from small to large, he has a clear understanding and deep concern for the current critical national situation. More than 20 years later, the Northern Song Dynasty perished, Luoyang fell, and the magnificent gardens vanished. Unfortunately, the author's worries came true, and his warning did not help the country in the end. No wonder many people in the Southern Song Dynasty read this article and wept for it.

From the rise and fall of Luoyang architecture, it is not from this article that we can see the rise and fall of the country. Galand in Luoyang, written by Yang Jie in the Northern Dynasty, has long mourned the collapse of the old dynasty through the rise and fall of temples. However, Yang remembered the prosperity before Luoyang, which was destroyed after the chaos, and Li predicted the future in Luoyang, which was in its heyday. Both of them have the same effect, giving Luoyang a special historical connotation symbolizing the rise and fall of national luck.

The angle of the article is from small to large, but the structure is from big to small. Firstly, the relationship between Luoyang and the country is discussed, then the relationship between gardens and Luoyang is discussed, and then the purpose of writing and the warning to doctors are revealed. Layer-by-layer reasoning, strict logic, the use of large-scale parallelism and overlap, the text is smooth. The language is also clean and tidy, and the ending is abrupt and powerful.

Famous comments

Volume 24 of Shao Tinglu says, "Luoyang's famous gardens are the best in the world. The barbarians fought against all the Uighurs with potential, and they took everything. Uncle Li gave me Luoyang Galand, which made me cry. Uncle Wen came out of Dongpo's school, and his writing style is also considerable. For example, the rule of chaos in the world will wait for the rise and fall of Luoyang; The rise and fall of Luoyang is waiting for the rise and fall of the garden. What does he know! "

Song Dynasty's "Style of Articles" Volume 6: "The end of the concept of special tour in famous gardens is the rise and fall of Luoyang, which expands its affairs and broadens its meaning." The rise and fall of Luoyang is a sign of chaos in the world, but the smallest thing is the most important. Only by learning and knowing can we write this article. "

Jin Mingsheng sighed "Jin Shengtan's Criticism of Talented People's Ancient Literature": "In the eyes of great scholars, there are no details; In the minds of scholars, there is no subtotal; In the hands of a great scholar, there is no insignificant pen. It must be. "

Wu Qin, Chu Cai and Wu Diao Hou's View on China's Ancient Literature (Volume 9): "At the end of the special tour view of famous gardens, today is a major event, which means the rise and fall of gardens, which is also the rise and fall of Luoyang. The rise and fall of Luoyang is the time when the world is in chaos. It's the smallest thing, and it matters a lot. Only with knowledge and insight can we have this article. "

Brief introduction of the author

Li (about 1045~ about 1 105) was a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. Uncle Wen, a native of Jinan, Shandong Province, is the father of Li Qingzhao, a poetess. Li Qingzhao's preface to "Two Poems of Han Palace" says that "all fathers and grandfathers came from Han Palace", so it can be seen that all their fathers and grandfathers were disciples of Han Yi, a bachelor who was "famous for fleas and had great knowledge" (Biography of Han Yi in Song Dynasty). When I was young, I was smart and alert, and I deliberately studied Confucian classics. Song Shenzong was a Jinshi of Xining in the 9th year (1076). First, he joined the army as a clerk in Jizhou (now Jixian County, Hebei Province), and then as a professor in Yunzhou (now Dongping, Shandong Province). There was a salary system of part-time work and part-time study in Song Dynasty. Seeing that he was poor, the county magistrate wanted him to hold other official positions, but he flatly refused, showing his integrity. The author of The Book of Rites.