The unified war of Ming Dynasty was a series of battles from the first year of Hongwu to the twenty-second year of Ming Dynasty (1368- 1389). In order to unify the whole country, Zhu Yuanzhang sent troops to overthrow the Yuan Dynasty and eliminate the separatist regime and the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty. ?

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, a peasant uprising broke out, mainly with the Red Scarf Army. Under the cover of the Red Scarf Army in Jiangbei, Zhu Yuanzhang, the leader of the Rebel Army, unified Jiangnan in the 27th year of Yuan Dynasty (1367) after defeating the regimes of Chen Youliang, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Zhang Shicheng, Wu Wang. Zhu Yuanzhang sized up the situation and decided to set up the Central Plains in the north and the coast in the south in order to seize the sovereignty of the country. ?

Zhu Yuanzhang ordered Xu Da to be general Lu and Chang Yuchun to be deputy general, taking the Central Plains from the north and entering Dadu (now Beijing); Tanghe conquered the Fang Guozhen forces in eastern Zhejiang in order to conquer the southern generals; Hu Tingrui captured Fujian as a general of conquering the south; Yang Jing and others from Huguang Province attacked Guangxi.

In the first month of the first year of Hongwu (1368), on the occasion of successive victories of various armies, Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne in Yingtian (now Nanjing), with the name Daming, who was the founder of Ming Taizu.

2. The rule of Hongwu

The rule of Hongwu, also known as the prosperous time of Hongwu, was one of the prosperous times in the third day of Ming Dynasty.

1368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Yingtianfu, Jinling, and the Ming Dynasty was formally established. During Zhu Yuanzhang's reign, he ordered farmers to return to farming and reward reclamation; Vigorously engage in resettlement and military camp construction; Organize local farmers to build water conservancy projects.

Vigorously promote the cultivation of mulberry, hemp, cotton and other cash crops and fruit and wood crops, he will only enrich the people and restrain the mighty; Ordered the liberation of handmaiden; Reduce the tax burden and severely punish corrupt officials; Send people to all parts of the country to measure land, audit accounts and so on. ?

In the era of Zhu Yuanzhang, the land used by the National Yellow Book to collect land tax was as high as 8 million yuan, which was much higher than 6 million yuan in the prosperous period of Kanggan in Qing Dynasty. Throughout the Hongwu period, the people were rich and the country was strong, and the national treasury was flooded. When it was built, farming was reclaimed, and there was no Laiwu. People are eager for their own careers and a lot of arable land, so they pay enough attention to each other.

At the same time, it also lifted the bondage system of industry and commerce to craftsmen in Yuan Dynasty, and lifted the humble position of tenant farmers in Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties and the fate that life and death were dominated by their owners. For the first time, industrial and commercial craftsmen and tenant farmers in China were legally recognized as equal human rights, and they were no longer slaves who were trampled upon by others.

3. Reorganization of Wen Jian

Wen Jian's political reform was carried out by Ming Huidi, Fang Xiaoru, Qi Tai, Huang Zicheng and others. Guided by the ideal political concept of pre-Qin Confucianism, Wen Jian followed the teachings of the sages and implemented the policy of "ruling the country by virtue and lenient politics" to solve the problems of severe punishment and harsh laws, exorbitant taxes and levies, and the maintenance of soldiers by princes and kings after Zhu Yuanzhang.

During his four years in power, Ming Huidi introduced many policies that were beneficial to the national economy and people's livelihood. Wen Jian's tragedy comes not only from the failure of conquering vassals, but also from his weak personality and lack of political experience.

4. Yongle Shi Sheng

Yongle was a prosperous time during the reign of Judy, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and it was one of the great prosperous times in the third day of the Ming Dynasty.

Ming Chengzu is a clever man. After he ascended the throne, he vigorously developed the economy, advocated culture and education, and took many measures to vigorously develop the economy and make the country prosperous and vast. The year of the Ming emperor was named "Yongle Year", and later historians called this period "Yongle Shi Sheng Year". Even praised the "far-reaching Han and Tang dynasties" in this period.

Politically, Cheng Zu perfected the civil service system. Ming Taizu abolished the prime minister system, and the emperor directly led six departments, regardless of the details. During the reign of the Ming Dynasty, the embryonic form of cabinet system was gradually formed in the imperial court. When the emperor is busy with state affairs, the cabinet handles state affairs for him according to the emperor's instructions. This system influenced the Ming and Qing Dynasties and even the West.

Ming Chengzu officially moved to Beijing in 142 1. Set up a local jurisdiction structure, such as setting up provinces or administrative departments in the northeast, northwest and southwest. Establish Hami Wei and Guizhou organizational system.

5. Battle of Jingnan

The Battle of Jingnan, also known as the Jingnan Revolution, was a battle for the throne within the ruling class of the Ming Dynasty from the first year of Wen Jian (1399) to the fourth year of Wenjian (1402).

When Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty was in power, his children and grandchildren were enfeoffed to be vassals everywhere, and the influence of vassals was expanding day by day. Due to the premature death of Prince Zhu Biao, in the thirty-first year of Hongwu (1398), Zhu Yunwen, the great-grandson of the emperor, succeeded to the throne.

Wen Jian and his cronies Qi Tai and Huang Zicheng took a series of measures to reduce the number of vassals. At the same time, troops were deployed around Beiping and in the city, and the guards of Judy, the fourth son of Ming Taizu, were transferred to the Great Wall to get rid of the Prince.

In the first year of Wen Jian (1399), Judy set out for the south, which was called "the battle of Jingnan" in history. Wen Jian started the Northern Expedition with veteran Geng Bingwen, and sent Li Jinglong to continue the Eastern Expedition. However, Emperor Wen Jian also lacked strategy, which led to the continuous elimination of the main forces.

Judy attacked at the right time and used this strategy flexibly. After several wars, the main force of the Confederate army was wiped out and finally the victory was advanced. In four years (1402), Wen Jian captured Yingtian (now Nanjing, Jiangsu).

The war lasted for four years (1399- 1402). During the war, Emperor Wen Jian's whereabouts were unknown, or he burned himself to death in his palace, or he fled from the tunnel and hid in Yungui to become a monk. In the same year, Judy ascended the throne for the sake of Ming Chengzu.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Ming Dynasty Unification War

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Baidu Encyclopedia-Wen Jian Reform

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