I. Summary:
1. Overview of the security situation around China
(1) After the founding of New China, the surrounding security situation faced by China is very severe.
(2) Since the reform and opening up, the domestic and international security situation in China has greatly improved.
2. The surrounding situation of China in the future is not optimistic.
(A) theoretical instability
(b) Real security challenges
Second, the key words:
1, general situation
2. Trend of the situation
Third, the text:
I. Overview of the security situation around China
(1) After the founding of New China, the surrounding security situation faced by China is very severe.
Since the founding of New China, China has been forced to launch six foreign wars, and faced with the blockade and containment of the United States and other western countries, the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations, and the threat of "hegemonic countries" in the East and West. In the 1970s, with the successive visits to China by the President of the United States and the Prime Minister of Japan, the relationship between China and the United States and Japan eased, and the tension was temporarily eased, but the security threat was not eliminated. The first generation of central collective leadership with Mao Zedong as the core judged the security situation at that time: "War and revolution" was the theme of the times, and the danger of military invasion by hostile forces always existed.
(2) Since the reform and opening up, the domestic and international security situation in China has greatly improved.
1, the international environment is relatively stable, and big countries are relatively stable.
After the reform and opening up, Deng Xiaoping further developed the new pattern of Sino-US relations initiated by Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, and personally visited the United States in 1979, presided over the normalization of Sino-US relations. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, the United States became the only superpower in the world today, and the trend of world multipolarization and economic globalization became more and more obvious. According to the overall development trend of the international situation, Deng Xiaoping made a situation judgment that "peace and development are the themes of the present era, and a new world war can be avoided", demanding that more energy be devoted to economic construction, thus ushered in 30 years of reform, opening up and rapid economic development. Since then, China's relations with other big countries have further improved: although Sino-US relations are tortuous, they are generally stable; Sino-Russian relations have developed steadily, high-level visits between the two countries have been frequent, and a series of joint statements and friendship treaties have been signed; Sino-Japanese relations have basically developed steadily, and efforts are being made to build a friendly and cooperative partnership oriented to peace and development; China maintains good relations with the European Union, and economic and trade exchanges and political mutual trust are deepening.
2. Conflicts in hot spots around China have been alleviated to varying degrees.
In the past 20 years, the surrounding areas have basically lived in peace. Apart from the war on terror in Afghanistan, there is no war in other surrounding areas, and the war on terror in Afghanistan has little influence on China.
3. China's relations with all its neighbours have been normalized.
China has territorial disputes with all its neighbors. In the 20th century, China successively signed border agreements or treaties with Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Mongolia, Afghanistan and North Korea. Relations with India and Vietnam have also been normalized; Border agreements have been signed with Laos, Russia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; In July, 20001,China and Russia signed the Sino-Russian Treaty of Good Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation. In June 2008, 10, Russia handed over Yinlong Island and half of Heixiazi Island to China. In June 2008, China and Japan agreed to cooperate in the transitional period before the demarcation of the East China Sea, and to select appropriate areas for joint development in the East China Sea without prejudice to their respective legal positions; In June 2003, Indian Prime Minister Vajpayee visited China, and the two countries signed a programmatic document "Declaration on Principles of Sino-Indian Relations and All-round Cooperation", which marked a new stage of Sino-Indian relations, and at the same time, the two countries made continuous breakthroughs in territorial disputes.
4. The trend of regional collectivization and regionalization cooperation is on the rise.
The partnership of good-neighborliness and mutual trust between China and ASEAN has developed in depth.
Regional economic cooperation in Northeast Asia has been continuously strengthened.
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization has developed rapidly.
Second, the surrounding situation of China in the future is not optimistic.
The relative stability of the situation around China for more than 20 years is hard-won, and there will be no war affecting the overall situation in the short term. However, some internal contradictions in the surrounding areas have not been completely solved, unstable factors affecting peace and stability still exist, and China's peripheral security still faces threats and challenges from different targets, different degrees and different reasons. Personally, I think this challenge mainly comes from two aspects: one is theory, and the other is action. In this regard, we must be prepared for danger in times of peace, enhance our sense of urgency, strengthen national defense construction, improve our preventive ability and ensure national security.
(A) theoretical instability
The unstable factors in theory can be simply summarized as three "many". First, there are many neighboring countries. China is located in the center of East Asia, with a vast territory, the second longest land border in the world and many neighboring countries. More than 20,000 kilometers of land borders are adjacent to 15 countries, and the coastline of18,000 kilometers is adjacent to 1 1 countries. China borders the Pacific Ocean in the east, the oil and energy center in Central Asia in the west, the Straits of Malacca in the south and Russia in the north, so China is easily caught in various disputes and conflicts of interest. Second, there are many powerful countries. Including Russia, Japan and India, as representatives of a vast, economically developed and densely populated country. Apart from China, four of the six countries that openly possess nuclear weapons in the world are China's neighbors or Asia-Pacific powers. Third, there are many problems. Mainly because there are many hot spots, the gap between the rich and the poor is large, and opinions are divided. For example, the South Asian subcontinent, one of the three major powder kegs in the world, and the Middle East and Northeast Asia, which are hot spots in the world, are all around China.
(b) Real security challenges
1, the comprehensive threat of the United States to China's security.
After the end of the Cold War, the United States became the only superpower and the largest hegemonic country in the world, and its ambition to dominate the world continued to expand. Because China and the United States have fundamental differences in social system, ideology and values, the United States does not want China to rise rapidly. In the east of China, China is constrained by the US-South Korea defense treaty, the US-Japan defense treaty and its military strength in Korea, Japan and the Pacific region. In the southeast of China, in order to control the connecting passage between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, three island chain defense lines are formed in the northwest Pacific Ocean. In the west of China, the United States used the anti-terrorism opportunity to infiltrate military forces into Afghanistan, which created conditions for intervening in Central Asian affairs and containing China.
2. The potential Japanese threat to China's security.
Strategically, Japan listed China as its main potential rival, followed the United States in suppressing China's development, and sought to change its national defense strategy from "defensive" to "offensive".
Politically, Japan actively seeks to become a political power and intends to become a permanent member of the United Nations.
Militarily, Japan has strong military strength, the material and scientific basis for becoming a military power, as well as the scientific and technological level and important raw materials for manufacturing nuclear weapons.
On the territorial issue, Japan has been secretly strengthening the control and development of disputed islands and sea areas in China.
3. The serious Indian threat to China's security.
Strategically, India actively seeks regional hegemony and regards China as its main strategic rival and potential threat.
Militarily, India has established a defense system with both offensive and defensive capabilities in the illegally occupied territory of China, stepped up the battlefield construction in China, continuously increased military spending and accelerated the upgrading of weapons and equipment.
4. The direct impact of North Korea's nuclear crisis on China's security.
The problems affecting my security on the Korean Peninsula are mainly concentrated in two aspects: the North-South struggle on the Korean Peninsula and the North Korean nuclear issue. If the North Korean nuclear issue cannot be properly resolved, it will inevitably bring about changes in the nuclear pattern in East Asia and become a serious threat to the security around China.
5. The South China Sea countries' realistic occupation of Nansha Islands.
Nansha Islands have been China's inherent territory since ancient times. Nansha Islands is the largest archipelago with the largest number of islands in the South China Sea. It is 550 kilometers long from north to south and 650 kilometers wide from east to west, with a water area of more than 800,000 square kilometers. It consists of more than 550 islands, reefs and beaches. Nansha has important economic value, which makes neighboring countries salivate and step in one after another in an attempt to take it for themselves.
At present, the Nansha problem is serious, and there are three main problems.
First, the current competition in the South China Sea involves "six countries and seven parties", and the situation that China waters are divided, islands and reefs are occupied and resources are plundered is quite grim.
Second, the countries concerned should strengthen control and military preparations. On the one hand, strengthen control, on the other hand, prepare for war.
Third, the internationalization trend of the South China Sea issue is becoming increasingly serious. Countries around the South China Sea have introduced external funds to jointly exploit oil and gas resources in the South China Sea, which belongs to China's territorial waters 12 nautical mile, with the United States, Japan, Russia and France. At the same time, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and other vested interests, on the one hand, joined hands with the help of international public opinion in an attempt to multilateralize, internationalize and complicate the Nansha dispute, on the other hand, they reached an agreement with the United States to give American warships the right to enter the ports and bases of these countries and use the United States to complete the construction of the operational and logistics support system for military bases in Southeast Asia. In addition to the United States, Japan and India are also actively strengthening their military activities in the South China Sea.
In the face of these challenges, we must always keep a clear head in the process of development, always be vigilant and take precautions everywhere. Opportunities and challenges coexist, and challenges are also a kind of wealth, which can spur us to work hard, develop the economy, enhance our comprehensive national strength, safeguard national security and ensure China's invincible position. Improving national strength depends on the correct leadership of the Central Committee, and more importantly, on the concerted efforts of Qi Xin, the people of Qixin. Therefore, every one of us in China should strive for the prosperity of China and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
Four: References:
(1) People's Daily
(2) Military network