The arrangement rules of articles in various styles are basically the same, but due to the different thinking forms of various styles, the arrangement also has its own characteristics. Argumentative writing is different from descriptive writing. Mainly arranged according to the logical connection of things. Argumentative essays are generally arranged in the order of asking questions, analyzing problems and solving problems, which are manifested in three parts: preface, theory and conclusion. People usually call it "three-stage". This "three-stage" is the basic type. Because the topics, arguments and arguments have a wide range of contents, not only the preface, theories and conclusions are varied, but also how each small part raises, analyzes and solves problems.
1, preface theory
Preface is the beginning of an argumentative paper, that is, to ask questions and clarify the central argument, so that readers can have a general understanding of the content of the article and attract attention. Common preface writing methods are as follows:
A directly state your own views and opinions and put forward the central argument. For example:
It is an important economic policy to introduce foreign advanced technology and equipment step by step and selectively, so that the introduction work can better serve the rapid development of the national economy.
B explain the background, the purpose and reason of writing. For example:
What is the criterion for testing truth? This is a problem that proletarian revolutionary instructors have long solved. However, over the years, due to the destruction of the Gang of Four and a large number of distorted propaganda by public opinion tools under their control, this issue has been confused. In order to profoundly criticize the Gang of Four and eliminate their pernicious influence, we must set things right.
C prompt content, briefly introduce the full text. For example, the first paragraph of "On Correctly Handling Contradictions among the People":
This is a general topic about correctly handling contradictions among the people. For the convenience of narration, it is divided into twelve small topics. We should also talk about the contradiction between ourselves and the enemy here, but the focus is on the contradictions among the people.
Asking questions about things makes people think. For example:
Comrade Meng Xiancheng of WISCO has a positive opinion on the project of1.7m mill, which is worth reading and thinking carefully. Spent the money saved by the people of the whole country and introduced the most advanced rolling equipment and technology in the contemporary era. Why can't you get the economic effect you deserve? How to reduce or even eliminate such construction projects that are not worth the loss in the future?
E phenomena from daily life. For example;
There are two hens in the cage. One likes singing, the other likes being quiet. According to the phenomenon that hens can sing after laying eggs, the owner thinks that all eggs are laid by singing chickens, so he loves it very much and feeds it with cockroaches specially caught. But after a long time, the secret was revealed: the singing chicken laid few eggs, one a day if it didn't bark. As soon as the eggs landed, the singing chicken didn't sing and left the henhouse, and the singing chicken stood beside the eggs and shouted.
Therefore, I advocate that people should talk less and do more practical things.
G quotes classics, saying that the ancient way is today. For example, "Don't make mistakes * * *" says that leading cadres should blame themselves for making mistakes and don't pass the buck. It started like this:
There is a story about Di Ku's staff in The Shadow of the Dragon Whip: "In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Di Ku's surname was simple, and there were often flies in his room, so it was called the staff under the door. Yue: What can I do for you? So let it in. " Originally, the janitor was only responsible for looking after the house and couldn't control the flies, but Cuddy, a stupid janitor, let the flies in and beat the janitor because he was not loyal to his duties. This is the wrong number.
The beginning of the above narrative part is just a few common types.
Preface is the first argumentative article, which plays an important role in the article. A good preface is concise and to the point, which can not only clearly ask questions, but also affect the whole body and be fascinating. Catch the reader.
2. This theory
This theory is the analysis part of argumentation and the key part of argument. Its task is to analyze problems and organize arguments to prove the correctness of arguments or refute fallacies.
There should be strict logic in the arrangement and demonstration level of this part. The connection between arguments, the order of discussion, and the reasoning at different levels of the article should be organized according to the inherent laws and persuasion effects of things. It is necessary to make the outline open and interlocking, and to make the ideas and materials organically and logically unified. (model essay. )?
The arrangement of this theory generally has the following forms:
stand side by side
Parallel type is also called parallel type. Its arrangement is characterized by discussing several major issues involved in the central argument respectively. The relationship between several levels is parallel, and they show the argument of the article from different angles. For example, Zhang Youyu's On Perfecting the Socialist Legal System focuses on perfecting the socialist legal system and using it correctly to ensure the smooth progress of the "four modernizations". He talked about three aspects: the relationship between socialist democracy and socialist legal system; The important role of the current socialist legal system; Effectively ensuring the implementation of the law is the key to further improve the socialist legal system.
B propulsion type
Push type is also called progressive type. Its arrangement is characterized by the in-depth and gradual development of the relationship between all levels. For example, Zhou Enlai's Creating a Democratic Atmosphere solemnly discusses the issue of artistic democracy. At the beginning of the article, it is pointed out that there is a bad atmosphere now, that is, the democratic style is not enough. Then, aiming at the disadvantages of "one-word-for-one" that others are not allowed to speak, the article expounds the truth that "our opinions are all allowed to be discussed and discussed" Finally, it focuses on the analysis and criticism of the bad atmosphere of "five sons get into the topic" (framing, grasping braids, digging roots, wearing hats and hitting sticks). Only by getting rid of the bad atmosphere of "five sons entering the topic" can we establish a democratic atmosphere. The form of argument is like Tao Zhu's Great Ideal. From far to near, from ancient times to the present, it is our noblest and greatest ideal to expound and realize * * * productism step by step around the central argument.
The combination of propulsion and juxtaposition
Articles arranged in this way are generally longer. Such articles are usually arranged in other arrangements. For example, "Analysis of Social Strata in China" asks questions at the beginning, then analyzes each stratum, and finally draws a conclusion. The article goes deep step by step, spreads out layer by layer, and adopts push type. However, on the level of analyzing each class, the parallel formula is used to analyze the landlord comprador class, middle class, petty bourgeoisie, semi-proletariat and proletariat one by one. As far as the whole article is concerned, this is called push type, which includes coordinate type. The author used this combination form to perfectly express the content of the article and received good expression effect.
These are the three basic forms of argumentative writing. Form serves the content, and which part should be used in this paper depends on the needs of the content of the article, and can not be arranged at will.
3. Conclusion
The conclusion is the problem-solving part of the argumentative essay. The introduction raises questions, the theory analyzes the problems, and the conclusion gives the answers. The conclusion is the synthesis, generalization, summary and perfection of the full text.