The bathroom is a refuge.
If there is a fire in the room, and the door has been blocked by fire, indoor personnel can not be evacuated smoothly, you can find another passage. If you move to an adjacent room without fire through a balcony or corridor, then use the passage of this room for evacuation. If there is a fire and there is no escape, you can take refuge in the bathroom. Because of the high humidity and low temperature in the bathroom, water can be poured on the door and the ground to cool down.
2. If there is a fire outside the room, and the fire is big, you can seal the door with towels, quilts, etc. And constantly pour water for cooling to prevent the invasion of external flames and smoke.
If you hear an alarm at night, you should touch the door with the back of your hand first. If it is hot, you can't open the door, or smoke and fire will rush into the bedroom. If the door is not hot, the fire may not be big, and it is possible to escape from the room through normal channels. If you encounter smoke in the stairwell or corridor, stop immediately and never try to rush out of the fireworks.
3. Cover your mouth with a wet towel and crawl forward
When evacuating, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel or handkerchief to prevent inhalation of toxic gases. Because there is too much smoke in the upper space during the fire, don't walk upright when you escape, but bend over or crawl forward, but when there is a fire of liquefied petroleum gas or city gas, you should not crawl forward.
Because the temperature at the scene of the fire is very high, you can cover yourself with a soaked quilt, blanket, etc. After determining the escape route, you can rush out of the fire directly at the fastest speed and reach a safe place.
Be careful, ordinary elevators can't escape.
High-rise buildings are prone to power failure after a fire. At this time, taking the ordinary elevator may be "blocked", making the evacuation ineffective, but it will be in a more dangerous situation, and people will be suffocated by smoke and poison gas at any time in the elevator.
Don't jump off a building as a last resort.
If the multi-storey building is on fire and the fireworks on the stairs are particularly fierce, you can use rope, fire hose, or tear the sheets into strips to connect them, tie one end tightly to the solid doors and windows, and then slide down the rope.
If the above self-rescue measures are unconditionally taken and the time is very tight, when the fireworks are about to threaten life, the lower floors (such as the second floor) can choose to jump off the building to escape. However, we must first throw quilts, sofa cushions and other items on the ground to increase the buffer, and then hold down the windowsill to reduce the jumping height and ensure that the feet land first.
Earthquake: There are likely to be aftershocks after the earthquake, and the location of the aftershocks may not be very close to the source. So learning to save yourself is one of the most important measures after the earthquake.
When an earthquake happens, it is very important to keep a clear head and a calm attitude. Only when you are calm, it is possible to judge the magnitude and distance of an earthquake with the earthquake knowledge you usually learn. Recent earthquakes often start with ups and downs and then swing from side to side. The teleseism is not so bumpy, but it is mainly shaking from side to side, with clear voice and small vibration. Generally, small earthquakes and distant earthquakes do not have to flee.
The latest self-help advice: Don't hide under the table.
There are ten items of knowledge about earthquake prevention in Japan's Earthquake Handbook, the first of which clearly says "hide under solid furniture". Therefore, Japanese teachers firmly believe that the best way is to "hide under the table". This idea is based on the premise that the earthquake in Japan ended dozens of seconds later and the ceiling did not fall.
When the ceiling of a building collapses due to a strong earthquake, it will crush tables, beds and other furniture. If people hide inside, the consequences are unimaginable. If people hide next to the furniture in a low posture, the furniture can be forced by the collapsed objects first, so that the people next to it can get living space.
When you encounter an earthquake while driving, you should leave the car as soon as possible. Many people who died in the parking lot during the earthquake were crushed to death in the car, but the people between the two cars were not injured at all. When a strong earthquake occurs, if you are in the parking lot, don't stay in the car, lest the collapsed ceiling crush the car and cause injury; You should lie prone beside the car, because the falling smallpox will not directly hit people, and it may form a "living space" to increase your chances of survival.
School shock absorption
1. When you are in the playground or outdoors, you can squat down in place, cover your head with your hands, and pay attention to avoid tall buildings or dangerous objects.
Don't go back to the classroom
3. evacuation should be organized after the earthquake.
4. Never jump off a building! Don't stand outside the window! Don't go to the balcony
Classes should be held outdoors when necessary.
Family shock absorption
1. The earthquake warning time is short, and the indoor shock absorption is more realistic, while the triangular space formed after the collapse of indoor houses is often a relatively safe place for people to live, which can be called shock absorption space. This mainly refers to the space formed by large collapsed bodies and supports.
2. Indoor triangular space is easy to form:
Under the edge of the kang, close to solid furniture;
Root and corner of interior wall;
Kitchen, bathroom, storage room and other places with small space.
Shock absorption in public places
Listen to the instructions of the field staff, don't panic, don't rush to the exit, avoid crowding, avoid crowds, and avoid being pushed to the wall or fence.
In theatres, gymnasiums, etc:
Pay attention to avoid hanging objects such as chandeliers and electric fans;
Protect your head with a schoolbag, etc.
After the earthquake, listen to the command of the staff and evacuate in an organized manner.
In shopping malls, bookstores, exhibitions, subways, etc.:
Choose solid counters and commodities (such as low furniture, etc.). ) or pillars, and squat down in the inner corner, and protect your head with your hands or other things; Avoid glass doors and windows, glass windows or counters; Avoid tall and unstable shelves or shelves with heavy objects and fragile items; Avoid tall or hanging objects, such as billboards and chandeliers.
In a moving electric (automobile) vehicle:
Grasp the handrail to avoid falling or bumping; Lower your center of gravity and hide near your seat.
Don't get off until the earthquake has passed.
Outdoor shock absorption
Field selection of outdoor shock absorber;
Squat or get down to avoid falling;
Don't run around and avoid crowded places;
Don't go back indoors casually.
Avoid tall buildings or structures:
Buildings, especially those with glass curtain walls;
Crossing bridges and overpasses;
Under tall chimneys and water towers.
Avoid dangerous objects, towering or hanging objects:
Transformer, telephone pole, street lamp, etc. ;
Billboards, cranes, etc.
Avoid other dangerous places:
Narrow streets;
Dangerous old houses, dangerous walls;
Under the parapet, high gate face and awning;
Bricks, wood and other things piled up.
Workshop worker shock absorption
Workshop workers can hide under cars, machine tools and tall equipment, and don't panic and run around. Workers in special posts should first close the valves of flammable, explosive and toxic gases, reduce the temperature and pressure of high-temperature and high-pressure pipelines in time, and close the operation equipment. Most people can leave the work site, and a few people can stay at the site to monitor the danger at any time under the premise of safety protection, deal with possible accidents in time and prevent secondary disasters.
Flood: Before the flood comes, we should try our best to make corresponding preparations.
1. According to the flood information provided by local TV, radio and other media, combined with their own location and conditions, calmly choose the best route to evacuate, so as to avoid the passive situation of "people arrive first and there is no water".
2, recognize the road signs, clear evacuation routes and destinations, to avoid going the wrong way because of panic.
3, self-protection measures:
● Prepare enough fast food or cooked food for several days, and prepare enough drinking water and daily necessities.
● Tie rafts and bamboo rafts, collect materials suitable for floating, such as wooden pots, wood and large pieces of foam plastic, and process them into life-saving devices for emergencies.
● Inconvenient valuables are buried underground or placed in high places after waterproof binding. Small valuables such as tickets and jewelry can be sewn into clothes and carried around.
● Keep communication equipment that can still be used.
Self-help when the flood comes
1. When the flood comes, people who have no time to move should quickly move to nearby hillsides, highlands, buildings, flood shelters and other places, or immediately climb on roofs, tall buildings, trees, high walls and other places for temporary refuge.
2. If the flood continues to rise, it is difficult to protect the temporary shelter, so you should make full use of the prepared life-saving equipment to escape, or find some door panels, tables and chairs, wooden beds and big bubbles. Foam and other floatable materials are tied to rafts to escape.
3. If you have been surrounded by floods, try to get in touch with the flood control department of the local government as soon as possible, report your position and danger, and actively seek rescue.
Note: Never swim to escape, do not climb electrified telephone poles and iron towers, and do not climb the roof of mud houses.
If you have been involved in the flood, you must try your best to catch fixed or floating things and look for opportunities to escape.
5. When it is found that the high-voltage tower is inclined or the wire is broken and drooping, it must be avoided quickly to prevent direct electric shock or electric shock due to the "step voltage" on the ground. & gt& gt scene rescue of electric shock
6, after the flood, to do a good job of health and epidemic prevention, to prevent the spread of the epidemic.
Fire: In a fire, trapped people should have good psychological quality, keep calm, don't panic, don't act blindly, and choose the correct escape method. It must be noted that the temperature at the scene of the fire is amazing, and smoke will block your view. When we saw the fire scene in movies and TV, everything was clear. It was shot outside the smoke at the fire scene. When we were at the scene of the fire, the visibility was very low. Even in the room where you lived for a long time, we couldn't figure out the location of the windows and doors. In this case, it is even more important to keep calm and not panic.
If you are trapped in a fire, you should use all available conditions around you to escape. You can use fire elevators and indoor stairs to escape. Ordinary elevators must not be used, because ordinary elevators are easy to cut off power, have no smoke prevention effect, and are likely to be stuck in the air in case of fire. You can also use the balcony. Water pipes on corridors and external walls escape.
After the fire, there will be smoke coming out. Stop immediately in case of heavy smoke. Never try to get out of the fireworks and crawl low in the smoke. Due to the rising of hot air, there will be a lot of smoke floating from the upper floor, so there should be air below 30 cm from the ground, so try to crawl in the smoke and keep your head close to the ground as much as possible.
Escape in the smoke, if the human body is not properly protected, it is easy to inhale the smoke into the human body, leading to fainting or suffocation, and at the same time, the eyes will be unable to open due to the stimulation of the smoke, resulting in stinging. At this time, transparent plastic bags can be used, regardless of size. Large plastic bags can cover the whole head and provide enough air for escape. If there is no big plastic bag, a small plastic bag can also cover the head, but it can also cover the nose and mouth to provide air for escape. When using plastic bags, be sure to open them completely, but don't blow them off with your mouth, because the gas blown in is carbon dioxide, which is counterproductive.
If you hear an alarm at night, you should first touch the door with the back of your hand to see if the door is getting hot. If it is hot, you can't open the door, or smoke and fire will rush into the bedroom. If the door is not hot, the fire may not be big, and it is possible to escape from the room through normal channels. Be sure to close the door after leaving the room to prevent the fire from spreading.
In a word, when a fire breaks out, we should act actively, not wait and die.
If you accidentally drown while swimming and there is no one nearby to help you, you should first keep calm and never struggle with your hands and feet, which can reduce the entanglement of aquatic plants and save your strength. The correct way to save yourself is to hold your breath immediately after falling into the water, then relax your limbs and lean your head back as far as possible. As long as you don't struggle at random, your body won't lose its balance in the water. In this way, your nose and mouth will surface first, and you can breathe and call for help. When breathing, try to inhale through your mouth and exhale through your nose to avoid choking. When you feel exhausted after swimming for a long time, you can switch to backstroke. You can easily float your nose and mouth on the water by paddling your hands and feet, adjust your breathing, relax yourself, swim to the shore or float on the water after a short rest and wait for rescue.
Help drowning people
To rescue the drowning man, swim to the vicinity of the drowning man quickly, observe the position clearly and rescue him from the rear. Or throw boards, lifebuoys, long poles, etc. So that the drowning person can climb ashore. When you encounter a drowning accident in swimming, you need first aid on the spot. After the drowning person is rescued ashore, first, judging whether the drowning person's consciousness and life are normal can help clear vomit and deposits in the oral cavity and nasopharyngeal cavity and strengthen nursing. If you lose consciousness and vital signs exist, take out the foreign body in your mouth? Including removing false teeth to keep breathing smoothly. Pull out its tongue to prevent it from turning backwards and blocking the respiratory tract. If the drowning person's breathing and heartbeat have stopped, artificial respiration should be carried out immediately. At the beginning of artificial respiration, it is necessary to use strong force when blowing into the lungs of the drowning person, so that the gas can be pressurized into the perfused and atrophied lungs and the suffocation state can be improved as soon as possible. Generally speaking, mouth-to-mouth blowing is the best. The first aider is located at the side of the wounded, holding the jaw of the wounded, holding the nostrils of the wounded, taking a deep breath, slowly blowing into the mouth of the wounded, relaxing the nostrils when the chest is slightly lifted, pressing the chest with one hand to help exhale, and repeating rhythmically until breathing is resumed. At the same time, chest massage should be carried out, so that the injured person can lie on his back with a hard plate on his back and his head bent back. The rescuer is located on the side of the injured person, facing the injured person. The palm of his right hand is placed flat on the lower sternum, and his left hand is placed on the back of his right hand until his heartbeat recovers. At the same time, it should be sent to the hospital for emergency treatment quickly.