Literature review refers to a paper in which the author summarizes, analyzes and refines the data, materials and main viewpoints in a large number of original research papers on a certain topic in a certain period. The summary is a three-phase document, with strong topic, small scope, certain depth and timeliness, which can reflect the historical background, research status and development trend of this topic and has high information science value.
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Basic explanation
Preface of related format
main body
summary
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Matters needing attention
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Basic explanation of relevant model articles
Preface of related format
main body
summary
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Matters needing attention
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Related model essay
Expand and edit the basic explanation of this paragraph.
Literature review is a comprehensive analysis and summary of the current research situation (including the main academic viewpoints, previous research achievements and research level, debate focus, existing problems and possible reasons, etc.). ), determine the new level, new trends, new technologies, new discoveries and development prospects of this research field after the topic selection.
[1] and comments, and put forward my own opinions and research ideas, and wrote a style different from the graduation thesis. It requires the author not only to comprehensively sort out and state the main points of the materials he has consulted, but also to make a more professional, comprehensive, in-depth and systematic discussion and corresponding evaluation of the comprehensively sorted documents according to his own understanding and understanding, rather than just "piling up" academic research in related fields. Searching and reading literature is an important prerequisite for writing a review. The quality of the review depends largely on the author's mastery of the latest literature related to this topic. If you don't do a good job in literature retrieval and reading, you will never write a high-level summary. A good literature review can not only lay a solid theoretical foundation and provide an extension opportunity for the writing of the next dissertation, but also show the author's comprehensive ability to summarize, analyze and sort out the existing research literature, thus helping to improve the overall evaluation of the level of the dissertation.
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The format of literature review is different from that of general research papers. This is because the research papers focus on literature review.
The research methods and results, while the literature review introduces the information, trends, progress, prospects and comments related to the theme in detail. Therefore, the format of literature review is relatively diverse, but generally speaking, it includes the following four parts: preface, theme, summary and references. When writing a literature review, you can write an outline according to these four parts, and then write according to the outline.
order
The preface should use concise words to explain the purpose and necessity of writing, the definition of related concepts, the scope of summary, the present situation and trend of related issues, and the focus of current major issues. The preface is generally 200-300 words, not more than 500 words.
main body
Writing is the focus of review, and writing has no fixed format. As long as the comprehensive content can be better expressed, the author can creatively adopt various forms. The text mainly includes two parts: argumentation and argumentation. By asking questions, analyzing and solving problems, we can compare different scholars' views on the same problem and their theoretical basis, and further clarify the context of the problem and the author's own views. Of course, the author can also put forward different views from the historical background, present situation and development direction of the problem. The body part can be divided into several subheadings according to the content.
summary
Summary is a brief summary of the main body of the comment. The author should comprehensively evaluate various viewpoints and put forward them from the literature review.
The author points out the existing problems and the future development direction and prospect. A simple summary can also be omitted.
refer to
References are an important part of the review. The number of general references can reflect the breadth and depth of the author's reading. Different magazines have different requirements on the number of references for review papers, generally less than 30 articles are appropriate, with the latest documents in the last 3-5 years as the main ones.
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1. In order to make the topic report have sufficient basis, master students are required to make a literature review before opening the topic. 2. In the literature review, graduate students should systematically consult the domestic and foreign literature reviews related to their own research direction.
. Read at least 30 articles at ordinary times, and collect documents objectively and comprehensively. 3. In the literature review, graduate students should explain the development history of their research direction, the main research achievements of predecessors, existing problems and development trends. 4. Literature review should be clear and concise. 5. Use data appropriately and reasonably. Document references are enclosed in square brackets "[]" and placed in the upper right corner of the reference. 6. I have my own opinions and opinions on literature review. You can't confuse the author's views with the literature. Encourage graduate students to find more problems, ask more questions, and point out possible ways to analyze and solve problems, which is highly targeted. 7. Literature review shall be no less than 1500 words.
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Literature should be collected as completely as possible. Mastering a large number of comprehensive documents is the premise of writing a good summary, otherwise it is impossible to write a summary by collecting a little information casually. 3. Pay attention to the representativeness, reliability and scientificity of the cited documents. There may be similar views in the collected documents, and the reliability and scientificity of some documents are not the same, so we should pay attention to choosing representative, reliable and scientific documents when quoting documents. 3. Cite documents faithfully. Because the literature review has the author's own comments and analysis, it is necessary to distinguish the author's point of view from the content of the literature when writing, and not to tamper with the content of the literature. There are not many references. Literature review writers sometimes see the phenomenon of quoting indirect literature. If the author quotes other people's references, it is better not to quote them indirectly. 4. References cannot be omitted. Some scientific research papers can omit references, but the literature review must not be omitted, and it should be the literature cited in the paper, which can reflect the whole theme and the author can read it directly. 5. Don't make a long summary. Magazine editorial departments generally have a certain number of words to review manuscripts. When the author writes a summary for the first time, he often doesn't pay attention to this point, which leads to more empty talk and rhetoric, and the focus is not prominent. The summary should generally not exceed 5000 words. Summary is not a simple literature list, but must be summarized by the author himself. Some comments just list the literature, which looks like a running account, without the author's own synthesis and analysis, which makes people feel repetitive and confused, and the materials and comments are not harmonious.
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Literature review seems simple, but in fact it is an arduous task. In foreign countries, macro or systematic literature review is usually done by top "big cows" in a certain field. In the works of existing research methods, there is guidance on literature review. However, neither teachers nor students who teach literature review courses actually pay enough attention to it. When I really do my own research, I find it really difficult to summarize. [2]
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Model essay 1 Research on "Question-Inquiry-Communication" Primary School Mathematics Teaching Mode .................................................................................................................................. ........... concluded that China's classroom teaching model can be divided into three categories: (1) traditional teaching model-"teacher-centered theory". The main theoretical basis of this teaching mode is behaviorism learning theory, which has long been the mainstream mode of school teaching in China. Its advantages are ... its disadvantages are ... (2) Modern teaching mode-"student-centered theory". The main theoretical basis of this teaching mode is constructivism learning theory, which advocates student-centered teaching ideas, teaching design, teaching methods and teaching management. Since 1990s, with the application of information technology in teaching, information technology has developed rapidly. Its advantages are ... its disadvantages are ... (3) the teaching mode with complementary advantages-"dominant subject theory". This teaching mode is teacher-oriented, student-centered, taking the advantages of behaviorism and constructivism learning theories and abandoning their shortcomings, which is the sublation of "teacher-centered theory" and "student-centered theory". The "leading-subject" teaching mode embodies dialectical materialism epistemology, but there is no effective and operable teaching method and mode in teaching practice. The traditional teacher-centered primary school mathematics teaching model can be expressed as "reviewing and introducing-imparting new knowledge-summarizing-consolidating exercises-assigning homework". This teaching mode undoubtedly limits the role of students as the main body of learning. At present, the advanced mathematics teaching mode in primary schools can be expressed as "creating situations, asking questions-discussing problems, proposing plans-exchanging plans, solving problems-simulating exercises, applying problems-summing up and perfecting understanding". This teaching mode strives to attach importance to the leading role of teachers and the main role of students, which is accepted by teachers and applied to teaching practice. However, this teaching mode limits students' learning to the classroom, and the way of learning is to do mathematics for the sake of mathematics. Mathematics has not been combined with life, and students' learning mathematics has not been placed in a vast life time and space. Students' ability to solve problems from multiple angles and ways is limited, especially their ability to creatively solve mathematical problems in life is limited, which is not conducive to cultivating students' innovative spirit and practical ability. To this end, we put forward the topic of "primary school mathematics-problem-inquiry-communication teaching model research". [3] In the document review model 1, the researcher made a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the relevant research fields, and made a critical analysis and comment on the relevant documents. For researchers engaged in a certain subject, consulting literature helps them to grasp the development history and present situation of their own research field as a whole, the main research achievements, controversial places, the latest research directions and trends, areas neglected by researchers, and suggestions for further research work. Literature review mode 2: Study on self-study methods of rural middle school students 1. Research Status in Foreign Countries There are many methods of self-study abroad. The procedural learning method proposed by American psychologist Skinner makes learning relatively easy and is beneficial to students' autonomous learning. The trial-and-error learning method created by American psychologist Thorndike mainly solves the problems in learning. There are also super learning methods, such as searching, asking, reading, taking notes, reviewing, suggesting and so on. 2. Research Status of China China has attached great importance to the study of self-study methods since ancient times, such as "making the past serve the present" and "making the present serve the present". Mr. Ye Shengtao, a modern educator in China, advocates cultivating students' self-study ability. Comrade Lu Zhongheng, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, first put forward the "self-study counseling teaching method". The main advantage of this method is that, Wei Shusheng's Chinese teaching advocates improving learning efficiency by improving students' learning consciousness. ........................................................................................................................... Starting with model essay 2 of literature review, .................................... listed the discussion and practice of self-study methods by representative experts and scholars at home and abroad, and summarized the advantages of some contents. After choosing a major research direction, before determining a specific research topic, consulting a large number of documents to understand the relevant research situation will help researchers to clarify the research content through comparative analysis, determine the research scope of the topic, and better control and grasp the topic. However, the literature review lacks critical analysis and comments on the advantages and disadvantages of theories and practices held by experts and scholars, especially the comprehensive refining and analysis of the research status at home and abroad. Second, the literature review should be concise, try to avoid quoting a large number of original texts, make the author's views clear in his own language, and draw general conclusions from the original texts. The purpose of literature review is to point out the current research status, problems that should be further solved and future development direction through in-depth analysis of past and present research results, and to comment on various research results according to relevant scientific theories, combined with specific research conditions and actual needs, and put forward their own views, opinions and suggestions. It should be pointed out that literature review is not a simple introduction and listing of previous research results, but a scientific research work in which the author systematically summarizes the progress of a certain research field at a certain stage after careful reading, and puts forward his own opinions in combination with the specific situation and actual needs of his own region. Third, literature review is not a database. It should closely focus on the "problems" of the subject research and ensure that the existing research results are directly related to the subject research. Its content is closely organized around the theme, which can not only systematically and comprehensively reflect the history, present situation and trend of the research object, but also reflect all aspects of the research content. Literature Review Fan Wensan: Experimental study on the methods of mental health education in rural primary and secondary schools: A summary of the research status of this subject at home and abroad: 1998 The International Mental Health Association emphasizes "the definition of health ……" The initiator of the mental health movement is American C. Bierce. Maslow's humanism emphasizes "self-realization"; Ferram put forward the "new person theory"; Ault put forward the theory of "mature person" ... the United States was the first country to provide psychological counseling as part of school education ... The former Soviet Ministry of Education promulgated the Regulations on Psychological Counseling in Soviet Ordinary Schools in 1984; Japan is also actively introducing psychological counseling from the United States. ......................................................................................................................................... ............................. China Youth Research Center and China Youth Development Foundation conducted a large-scale nationwide survey, and announced the results on June 7 1997, which aroused the shock of Chinese people, especially the education sector ... 1988, the Central Committee issued the Notice on Reforming and Strengthening Moral Education in Primary and Secondary Schools. On February 20th, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Rights and Interests of the Child ... 1993. The National Education Work Conference clearly stated that "mental health education should be given to students of different ages in various ways ..." The State Education Commission. It should be said that from the early 1990s to the mid-1990s, Shanghai's mental health education in primary and secondary schools was at the forefront of the country. 1994 Shanghai municipal education commission issued relevant documents and published relevant teaching materials. But they put most of their energy into city students. At the same time, Beijing Xicheng District has become a "psychological education center". Teacher Ding Rong took the lead in doing a lot of work, but mainly urban students. There are great differences between rural students and urban students in living, learning and other conditions, and their mental health level is also very different, but so far no one has put forward the experience of shaping the methods of psychological education in rural primary and secondary schools. Therefore, the ways and methods of psychological education in rural primary and secondary schools are worth studying. As can be seen from the literature review mode 3, the members of the research group read a lot of materials. However, there are few summaries about "ways and methods of mental health education". There is not much analysis on the difference of mental health between rural students and urban students. The characteristics of "countryside" are unclear, and "methods and ways" are unclear. This will bring trouble to the later research direction and design. Fourth, the literature review should be comprehensive, accurate and objective. It is best to use opinions and arguments for comments from a single document, and try to avoid using others' explanations or reviews of the original documents. (Excerpted from "Research on Educational Science" in June 2004, the original text: Wang, "Basic Requirements for Writing a Literature Review")