Commenting on the style of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems in Yuan Dynasty, Chen Yizhen said: "Tao Yuanming is honest, carefree and sincere, almost as famous as Nineteen Ancient Poems." This passage in the Book of Songs points out that everything written in Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems comes from his true feelings, which are natural and wonderful. In the lyrical way, Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems are good at integrating self-expression into objective things naturally, such as "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely" in drinking, describing typical scenery in nature and showing the poet's leisurely, quiet and indifferent self-mood. The simplicity and natural lyricism of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems are related to the content of the poems. Simplicity comes from poor and humble living conditions, and purity is naturally the embodiment of despising corrupt and evil society and advocating free life.
Third, the artistic beauty of the image
The images created in Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems are all paintings and references to common things in real life, and they are not deliberately portrayed. Su Dongpo said: "The poems of Yuan Ming are interesting at first glance." The so-called "curiosity" includes both the true feelings and the real meaning revealed in the poem and the aesthetic mood endowed by the poet's unique artistic creation. The ancients once pointed out the characteristics of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems, that is, "being interested in the environment and forgetting the interesting environment." (Xu, "Poetry Source Debate Style")
The images created by Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems are still full of ideal colors. The poet put forward the social ideal of "Peach Blossom Spring" in "Peach Blossom Spring", in which everyone takes part in labor, "living by farming and sleeping by sun". The fruits of labor belong to oneself and there is no feudal exploitation. "Spring silkworms collect silk, and the autumn is ripe." Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems can make the scenery "Yi Yi is far away from the village" when shaping the image; Things, "Nanshan plants beans"; Reason, "I want to argue but forget my words", and skillfully combine them to create a profound artistic realm of scenery, emotion and reason. The poet connects the appreciation of natural scenery with the true meaning of life, which makes the scenery, emotion and reason of poetry reach a highly perfect unity, just as Su Shi said, "Quality is beautiful, but abundant." This unique image-building style constitutes the artistic image beauty of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems.
Fourth, the beauty of plain language.
Although the language of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems is very close to the ordinary "family language", after a high degree of artistic refinement, this pithy and vivid language contains rich emotions and typical images. The word "storage" is used here, which is vivid. The quiet forest shadow in midsummer seems to be a clear spring that can be stored. The common word "wing", "the wind comes from the south, and the wings are new seedlings", also makes us clearly and dynamically see the scene that the warm south wind caresses the thriving seedlings and the business is full. "There are many beautiful days in the Spring and Autumn Period. Climb high to write new poems and say hello when you enter the door. You should consider using wine. " Four unpretentious poems write a harmonious and cheerful voice and a vivid rural life atmosphere. Mei, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, said: "Poetry is plain and difficult to create." It is really commendable that Tao Yuanming's pastoral language can be so plain, profound and profound. Some of his poems, such as "Being caged for a long time, returning to nature." "I don't know if I look around, Ye Jingri is usually closed." "I love quiet nights, and woodbirds love to open in the morning." Seemingly indifferent, without careful production and careful taste, they are actually quite clever "strange sentences"
In a word, Tao Yuanming's poetic language is a refined "family language", a representation of nature, simple, implicit but extremely beautiful, and a kind of magic embodied in popularity. As Su Shi said in his book With Su Zhe; Professor Ye Jiaying, a famous poetry critic, commented: "There are not many poems written by Yuan Ming, but they are of high quality and vivid." . "Tao Yuanming's simple poems, which are almost wordless, and his simple seclusion life contain extremely complex and rich profound significance." Yuan Haowen comments: a word is natural and eternal, and luxury is the truth.
Although Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems didn't receive much attention in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, they were highly respected by many poets after the Tang and Song Dynasties. It has had a far-reaching influence and infinite charm. We can easily find traces of this influence in the poems of poets after the Eastern Jin Dynasty. For example, Xie Lingyun's landscape poems, Wang Wei's and Meng Haoran's landscape pastoral poems, and many of them are based on Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems. As scholars in the Qing Dynasty said, "Tao's poems are magnificent, and one is profound and simple, so it can't go everywhere. The founder of the Tang Dynasty has his own innocence, the Mengshan people have his leisure, the Chu Taizu has his simplicity, Wei has his own conflicts, and Cao has his own integrity, all of which are close to learning. " It can be seen that in the history of China's poetry, Tao Yuanming's poetry creation influenced and influenced a large number of poets. Tao Yuanming is also a great poet who pushed the creation of five-character poems to the peak in the history of China literature.
School (Department): Teachers College of Jiujiang Vocational College
Class: 06 Chinese Education (2) Class
Student number: 063 1240
[References]:
1, History of Ancient Chinese Literature (Volume I) edited by Guo Higher Education Press, 2000? Beijing
2. Selected Works of China Ancient Literature (Volume I), edited by Guo, and, Higher Education Press, 2000? Beijing
3. The History of China Literature, edited by Yuan Xingpei, Beijing Higher Education Press, 1999.
4. Cheng Yuzhui's Poems of Tang and Song Dynasties, beijing beijing University Press, 2003.
5. The Collection of Tao Yuanming's Poems edited by Li Hua was published by Bashu Bookstore, 1998 edition;