Yueyang Tower has such a close relationship with culture that it naturally needs the help of scholars in previous dynasties. The most influential is probably Fan Zhongyan in the Northern Song Dynasty. Until today, many people's understanding of Yueyang Tower mostly comes from his "Yueyang Tower". In the article, "Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later" has become a well-known saying. An article "The Story of Yueyang Tower" made Yueyang Tower famous at once, and it will be immortal together with the article.
Since ancient times, China has had the cultural habit of "the land is handed down by people, and people are handed down by the land". Some literati came to a certain place because of relegation or travel, and were shocked and saddened by it, leaving some poems and songs, which branded some originally inconspicuous places with cultural marks and suddenly gave birth to scenery. There are too many such examples, so you can twist them at will. Liu Zongyuan lives in Yongzhou, Hunan Province, and is the author of Eight Chapters of Yongzhou, which connects Yongzhou with a great cultural soul. Zhang Ji's a night-mooring near maple bridge continues the Millennium bell of Hanshan Temple. Wang Wei sang "Persuade the monarch to drink more, and people have no reason to leave Yangguan in the west", which added a charming cultural imprint to China culture-Yangguan. Cui Hao is famous for his work Yellow Crane Tower, and Su Shi is famous for his work Crane Pavilion. Inadvertently exposed by literati and poets, the architectural entity that was originally difficult to be elegant has a continuous connection with culture. Interdependence and integration.
Yueyang Tower is a typical example.
Whenever Yueyang Tower is mentioned, people can't help thinking of some vivid cultural life. Many of these cultural lives occupy an important position in the cultural history, and the cultural thickness of Yueyang Tower has suddenly increased.
I often wonder, what makes Yueyang Tower have such an important cultural position, is it the special care of God, or the favor of literati? Doesn't seem convincing enough. But in any case, Yueyang Tower will eventually become today's Yueyang Tower, and it will eventually give up its constant contact with those cultural lives.
Who should we start with? Think it over, let's start with Zhang Shuo in the Tang Dynasty. Zhang said that he was a famous figure in Kaiyuan period. Helping Xuanzong slay Princess Taiping, he was recruited as a secretariat official and made a duke of Yan. Moreover, he enjoys a high reputation in the literary world and is a key figure in promoting the change of writing style. It is as famous as Xu Guogong and Su Xiang, and is known as "Xu Yan's big hand".
Such a powerful person should live in Beijing, how can he be associated with Yueyang Tower in a remote state? What's more, the building was not called "Yueyang Tower" at that time, and it was not as famous as it was later. I want to say that I never thought that I would have an indissoluble bond with Yueyang Tower.
From what has been said above, people who are familiar with China's official demotion culture may already know something about it. Yes, he was demoted to Yuezhou, which is now Yueyang, Hunan. It's hard for anyone to accept a sudden fall from a height, but water under the bridge. Water under the bridge. Let's pack up and take office in Yuezhou.
Zhang, who was in exile in Yuezhou, was also disheartened by politics and did nothing during his term of office, but it is worth mentioning. In the fourth year of Kaiyuan (AD 7 16), Zhang said that a pavilion was built, which was three stories high and beautifully built, and was named "Yueyang Tower". Since then, the name of Yueyang Tower has been used to this day. The casual behavior of a political loser left a deep impression on the cultural history of China.
As you can imagine, after the completion of Yueyang Tower, Zhang often goes upstairs with a hip flask in his hand. People have long been accustomed to what the secretariat of the adult has done, and will say hello to him from time to time. Climbing the Yueyang Tower, looking at the railing, facing the vast Dongting Lake, I feel that my whole body and mind are contained, my mind becomes blank and I forget everything. Suddenly, I don't know where there came the shrill cry of geese, which broke the inner peace at once. Suddenly, tears came out of my eyes.
Yes, how can you forget the past? How can we be satisfied with this situation? I think I am also the hero who helped Tang Xuanzong ascend to the throne. How can we easily disappear from politics? Looking back on the life of the past 50 years, how can there be thousands of feelings? Don't die here, he is unwilling. I don't know how long it took, but he muttered, "It's getting late, and I've drunk a lot. I'd better go home. " Leaving only the empty hip flask by the railing.
Although you can't make a difference in politics, can't you still write poetry? I was so absorbed in politics that I forgot that I was still a scholar. Zhang Shuo's poems are really good, especially during his exile in Yuezhou, the poetic style has changed greatly and become more profound. The Book of the New Tang Dynasty says, "If you fall across the state, poetry will benefit you, and people's words can help you." . I think, at this time, Jiangshan is not in front of me, but in my heart.
As soon as Baling looks at the cave in autumn, the solitary peak rises day by day.
I can't meet the fairy, and my heart is lingering with the lake.
? -"Send Liang Dongting Mountain"
It is Zhang's good friend, and Liang Zhiwei, the secretariat of Tanzhou, entered the DPRK through Yuezhou. It is gratifying to see a good friend in the DPRK. He knows how people in faraway places feel. At the same time, how much he envies his friends. Go back to Korea. When can I go back to Korea? Not only are fairies out of reach, but even friends' sails have become out of reach. However, my own mood is like a lake, which can't be calm for a long time. Ye Mengde, a poet in the Song Dynasty, once commented on this poem and said, "It is meaningless to meet and laugh, so it is true to make a chapter and cut off the affection, so it is very emotional." This is a good speech.
Zhang said that after all, he did not die in Yuezhou, but returned to the imperial capital and political center Chang 'an, and then became prime minister. However, he has passed the age of knowing his destiny and walked for most of his life. However, Xuanzong Wang Chaocai has just begun, and Datang Wang Chaocai has just begun. Give full play to the waste heat, for this great era.
Before he left, Zhang said that he would sit on Yueyang Tower and look at the beautiful Junshan Mountain and the charming Dongting Lake. Hide more scenery here. This farewell is farewell.
Fortunately, Zhang said that he caught up with the prosperous Tang Dynasty in his lifetime, but stayed away from the disasters after the prosperous period. Twenty-five years after his death, An Shi Rebellion happened. Although he was demoted, he was sad about himself, not this country and this era. The next two are not so lucky. They fully enjoyed the whole prosperous time and experienced the desolation after it. God always seems to like to play such jokes.
They are Li Bai and Du Fu.
I don't think people who are familiar with classical poetry will be surprised by the appearance of these two people, because they both have poems about Yueyang Tower, and they all left their lives there. In troubled times, every step of life seems a little chaotic, everything is in a hurry, but there is no clear destination, such as a lonely canopy floating, flying and stopping. Fortunately, Yueyang Tower once provided a place for two great poets to live. Although short-lived, it is unforgettable.
Let's start with Li Bai.
In the Anshi Rebellion, Li Bai joined Li Lin as his adjutant in order to serve the country. However, not long after, Prince Hengli proclaimed himself emperor in Lingwu and ordered Wang Yong to return to Chengdu to serve their father.
Li Lin didn't listen, but still led a great army east to Jiangling. It is intolerable that the emperor dares to disobey his orders. Hengli sent troops to crusade, and soon the two sides fought.
Li Bai couldn't figure out why he became a rebel when he came to serve his country. The vagaries of the political situation make a perceptual poet like Li Bai a little at a loss. Soon, Wang Yong's army was defeated in Zhenjiang, and Li Bai fled to the southwest in a hurry.
Escaped to Pengze, but was arrested in Xunyang prison. Li Bai is well aware of his situation, but he still wants to save himself. So he wrote poems to high-ranking people for help, and his wife zong also ran around. In the end, Li Bai was spared the death penalty and exiled Yelang.
In the twelfth lunar month, a snowy day, Li Bai embarked on a journey of exile Yelang. His wife, Zong, and his younger brother sent him far away. Looking at his family, he was deeply saddened to think that he had to leave home when such recruiters came home one after another. His brother-in-law Zong Jingping has been sending him to Wujiang River. Li Bai was so grateful that he wrote the poem "Yelang of Wujiang River Away from Sixteen Jiing" as a farewell.
After walking for a year, the imperial court suddenly heard a pardon. What's going on here? Don't you think the emperor doesn't blame him? Your goodness is not fake, but not to him alone, but to the whole world. The reason was the drought in Guanzhong, and the court ordered an amnesty for the world, and Li Bai was also within the scope of pardon.
At this time, Li Bai was on his way to Wushan, far from Yelang, the exile. I was ecstatic after hearing the news, and I couldn't help it: "Go to the country and worry about Yelang, and meet up in the desert valley. Half through the snow, as wide as a bird. " We can feel the excitement of Li Bai at that time.
He turned around and couldn't wait to go back, so he took a boat down the river and sailed for Jiangxia.
Early in the morning, I bid farewell to Jiangling city, which is high into the sky, thousands of miles away, and the boat is only one day away.
The cries of apes on both sides of the strait are still unconsciously crowing in their ears, and the canoe has passed the heavy green hills.
-"Early Baidu City"
When he was exiled, the despair and helplessness of "going to worry about the night, when the golden rooster will be released" have long since vanished, and the flame of hope has rekindled in his heart.
On my way back, I passed through Yuezhou and met two old friends. One is Jia Zhi, a calligrapher in China, who lives in Yuezhou. The other is uncle Ye Li, assistant minister of punishments, who was demoted to Lingnan and passed through Yuezhou. Really, neither of us is happy-until the end of time. When three people meet and talk to each other, it is inevitable to smile bitterly.
Although each other's situation is very bad, gathering in this remote place is a comfort to relatives and friends.
You can't come to Yuezhou without going to Yueyang Tower. It is said that Yueyang Tower has been built for more than 40 years since Kaiyuan, and its reputation has been greatly improved. Choose a sunny day and take your friends to Yueyang Tower. Standing upstairs, you can have a panoramic view of Dongting and Baling.
Climb the Yueyang Tower and overlook the Yangtze River until you reach the open Dongting Lake.
It breaks my heart to see geese flying south, and the distant mountains are in the title of a good month.
On the upper floor of the sky, stay in the chair and upload a glass of wine from the sky.
The cool breeze rising after drunkenness, blowing the sleeves with the wind, we will return.
-"Twelve Summers Climbing Yueyang Tower"
How "the goose leads the heart to worry, and the mountain holds the moon", he does not hide his inner joy at all. At this moment, he is really on cloud nine.
Of course, Li Bai is not a person who lives in a drunken dream. He knew that the Tang dynasty was in troubled times at this time, and the Anshi rebellion was still in trouble. This pardon, he also wants to do something for the country.
He is not a sad person, not without sadness. He has been hesitant and depressed. Although he was forgiven, he couldn't escape the feeling of loneliness. What he needs most now is friends and a place to rest. What else do we want from him? At this time, Li Bai is 59 years old, and he has only three years left to pursue his life.
Li Bai has been traveling all his life. He has traveled all over the world. There are countless places of interest, pavilions and pavilions, but there are several places that can bring him spiritual comfort. Yueyang Tower unexpectedly provides a habitat for a great poetic soul. I may not care at that time, but it caused ripples in later generations.
No one expected that a few years later, another great poet, Du Fu, also boarded Yueyang Tower, which brought people different feelings.
This is a unique feeling reflected in a serious and grand life, which is probably only available to Du Fu.
I heard that Dongting Lake is magnificent before, but today's wish has finally reached Yueyang Tower.
The vast lake tore Wu Chu apart, as if the sun, moon and stars were floating in the water.
There is no news from my friends or relatives. I am old and sick, drifting in a boat.
The battle of the north gate began again, and I cried through the railing.
-Du Fu's "Climbing Yueyang Tower"
Every time I finish reading this poem, there will always be a scene in my mind: an old and thin body climbing up the handrail step by step. Although the building is not high, he seems to be struggling. When he reaches the top floor, he must lean on the armrest and take a deep breath. When he regained his strength, he went outside the building and looked at the railing. At this point, the cold wind whistling outside the building.
It's the end of the year, and the icy cold has cast a hazy veil over Dongting Lake, which is more likely to cause people's inner disappointment. As a poet, in the face of this scene, it is inevitable that there will be some feelings. However, he is Du Fu, with this country, this society and this people in his heart forever. With such a grand value thinking, even a simple dallying with the moon will be full of vitality.
Du Fu at this moment can be summed up in four words: "Lonely and helpless". From the first month after leaving Kuizhou, he left the Three Gorges by boat, passed Jiangling, passed the police and arrived in Yueyang at the end of the year. He spent a whole year alone on the choppy Yangtze River. And all this is condensed into a sentence "I am sick and old, and I am alone with my boat", a sour sentence, and how many people can know.
In fact, he doesn't need others to know his suffering. He has long been used to such a state of life. Isn't that how he spent his life? No one appreciates it, no one pays attention to it, but his broad mind has never changed, and his actual experience has not distorted his cultural soul. Du Fu or Du Fu?
The wind outside the building is still whistling, and it hurts to the bone. However, his heart gradually calmed down. He began to recall his life. From a young man's "dissolute Zhao Qi, wild autumn horses" to a man trapped in Chang 'an "rich children early, fat horses late", "leftovers are cold and sad everywhere". Then, after "Three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold" and climbing Yueyang Tower today are only short stops in the post-war wandering life. He suddenly found himself a tramp and drifted all his life. Think like this, his mouth showed a weak smile. But he began to think, where are you going? What have you been chasing? No one answered him.
He thinks that his friends Li Bai and Jia Zhi have both boarded Yueyang Tower. They all have their own bitter experiences, but they are comforted here. Thinking like this, he suddenly had an inexplicable sense of belonging and felt a warm current in his heart. He temporarily forgot the reality and was immersed in this dreamlike feeling.
However, this is a dream and will wake up eventually. Back to reality, he is still so sad. It pains him to think that there are still wars, frequent wars and people's displacement. But what can he do? What can he do except cry loudly?
In this world of ice and snow, only Yueyang Tower is quietly listening to the cry of a frustrated poet. It saw too many depressed faces and heard too many such cries or sorrows. It understands the feelings of these people, but never comforts them. Just like a mother holding frustrated children in her arms, stroking them and listening to their grievances. Although she didn't say a word, her children gradually let go and integrated into her fraternity and tolerance.
Of course, Yueyang Tower doesn't know who is crying or mourning here, but history will remember that Yueyang Tower once provided shelter for lonely and helpless hearts. And it's not just Du Fu and Li Bai.
When the back of Datang has not completely disappeared from people's memory, history has passed through an era in a hurry. Worrying about the country and the people and shedding tears under the porch has long been the historical memory of Yueyang Tower. After three hundred years' vicissitudes and three times, Yueyang Tower has been aging and needs to be rejuvenated.
During the celebration of the Northern Song Dynasty, a frustrated official came to Yuezhou from Beijing to report on his work. He is a good official. Although he was demoted, he was diligent in politics and made great achievements in office. For example, expanding schools, building dams and rebuilding Yueyang Tower. His name is Teng Amethyst, a name that people are not familiar with, but will eventually go down in history. In fact, there are not a few local officials who are diligent in serving the people and have made outstanding achievements, but it is difficult to make a name for themselves in history. However, Teng Amethyst did it because of an article. "In the spring of the fourth year of Li Qing, Teng Amethyst defended Baling. In the second year, the government was harmonious and everything was prosperous, that is, the Yueyang Tower was rebuilt. " Just a few words, just a little bit, have created a terrible situation. Such publicity effect, even today, is probably beyond the reach of any media. Sometimes, the effect of an article is worth a thousand troops.
Surprisingly, Fan Zhongyan wrote this eternal article, not because he stood on Yueyang Tower and faced the beautiful scenery of Dongting Lake. But facing a picture of Dongting in late autumn and my own imagination, I wrote this article. Yueyang Tower really reached its brilliant peak when the story of Yueyang Tower came out. Since then, it is no longer a simple architectural entity, but a cultural imprint and cultural symbol. Whenever people mention Yueyang Tower, it will cause great thinking about the rise and fall of the world and the national worries. You will have a beautiful cultural image in your mind. These are the cultural effects brought by the story of Yueyang Tower, which is probably unexpected by Fan Zhongyan, and this effect will still exert its afterheat in future generations.
In Yueyang Tower, there are two inscriptions on Yueyang Tower, which are exactly the same in material, calligraphy and even the size and shape of words. However, this is not a simple copy, but two identical but different inscriptions. There is an interesting story about this, which is worth telling.
During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, there was a great calligrapher named Zhang Zhao. He wrote an inscription for Yueyang Tower and put it in Yueyang Tower. His calligraphy and sculpture, together with excellent wood, are the best in the world. Later, a local magistrate came who liked calligraphy. In order to make himself famous in history, he copied the Yueyang Tower by imitating Zhang Zhao's original work. Its imitation is enough to be confusing. After carving, the county magistrate changed into Zhang Zhao's "Yueyang Tower" and put on his own work. He didn't destroy Zhang Zhao's Yueyang Tower on the spot, but tried to transport it to other places. Unexpectedly, when the boat arrived at Dongting Lake, it was stormy and capsized, and the county magistrate and inscription fell into the water. The county magistrate drowned, but the Yueyang Tower written by Zhang Zhao was picked up in the dredging of Dongting Lake and hung on the Yueyang Tower again. However, the county magistrate's forgery has been preserved because of its artistic value.
In my opinion, this is a very interesting cultural phenomenon. County magistrate is also a scholar. We should not simply use moral standards to criticize his practices. After all, he didn't do anything against nature. Just because Yueyang Tower is so famous, he knows that if he has something to do with it, he can stay in later generations, so he does not hesitate to be a "cultural thief". If Fan Zhongyan knew that one of his articles would bring such trouble to future generations, he might sincerely say "I'm sorry"!
At the end of the article, you can talk a little about the past life of Yueyang Tower.
The source of Yueyang Tower can be traced back to the Three Kingdoms period. After Battle of Red Cliffs, Sun and Liu moved from alliance to confrontation. In order to fight Guan Yu stationed in Jingzhou, Lu Su of Soochow led 10,000 soldiers to train in Dongting Lake. At the same time, Lu Su expanded Bashu City by Dongting Lake, and built a parade platform on the west gate wall, called Yuejun Building. This is the predecessor of Yueyang Tower. At that time, Lu Su would never have thought that such a serious balcony full of military significance would become a very soft cultural image and symbol in later generations.
Of course, the Yueyang Tower at this time is just an ordinary parade platform, which has no cultural fame and the name "Yueyang". Until the Yuanjia period of the Southern Song Dynasty, Yan Yanzhi, a literary assistant and great poet in China, passed through Bashu and wrote the poem "The Capital of Shi 'an County, Zhang Xiangzhou Ascending Baling Building", which contained the words "Yueyang in Qing Ji, Bolan in Ceng Hui", and "Yueyang" was first seen in the poem.
In the Tang Dynasty, it was said that Yueyang Tower was built on the former site of Yuejun Tower in Lusu. This is the beginning of Yueyang Tower. In the following 1000 years, Yueyang Tower was repeatedly destroyed and its location changed, but it continued in the historical evolution.
Today's Yueyang Tower was built in the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, with an actual history of only 100 years. However, it has existed in the hearts of China people for more than a thousand years. In the historical changes and cultural remodeling, Yueyang Tower not only exists as an architectural entity in the world, but also has become a cultural symbol. Reality exists only to satisfy people's pursuit of culture. If there is no reality, what will happen when people read those beautiful poems and suddenly sprout the pursuit of cultural imprint?