Cultivated species of Chrysanthemum morifolium in Compositae. Precious ornamental flowers cultivated by long-term artificial selection. Also known as art chrysanthemum, there are more than a thousand varieties. Perennial herb, 60 ~ 150 cm high. Is the stem erect, branched or unbranched? , pilose. Head diameter 2.5 ~ 20 cm? , different sizes. The involucral bracts are multi-layered, and the outer layer is pilose. Tongue-shaped flowers come in various colors. Tubular flowers are yellow. Chrysanthemum is not a unit origin and cannot be summarized by simple phylogenetic methods. Chrysanthemum is a cross-pollinated plant. We can use sexual reproduction of chrysanthemum to select new varieties by gene recombination, character separation or gene mutation, cultivate new varieties by asexual reproduction with fixed new characters, or cultivate new varieties by bud mutation and fixed bud mutation. The asexual propagation of chrysanthemum includes cutting, branching and layering, and cutting is a common method. Chrysanthemum usually blooms in autumn, so it is also called autumn chrysanthemum. However, it is a short-day plant. According to this biological characteristic, it can bloom sooner or later for festivals or bonsai arrangements. There are many kinds of chrysanthemums, and flower heads can be used as medicine. They taste bitter, slightly cold, dispel wind, clear away heat and detoxify. This is medicinal chrysanthemum. According to the shape of dried flower heads and the length of tongue-shaped flowers, medicinal chrysanthemums can be divided into four categories: chrysanthemum morifolium, chrysanthemum morifolium, chrysanthemum morifolium and chrysanthemum morifolium. In each category, it is named after the country of origin. ?

Chrysanthemum-one of the four gentlemen in flowers?

Scientific name: chrysanthemum?

English name: flowers? Chrysanthemum?

Alias: chrysanthemum, autumn chrysanthemum, Jiuhua,?

Yellow flowers, king flowers?

Last name: Compositae?

Chrysanthemum, alias Huanghua, Chrysanthemum, Jin Rui, etc. It belongs to a perennial herb of Compositae, with a height of 30-80 cm, alternate leaves, oval, deeply or shallowly lobed, and serrated or serrated edges. There are large and beautiful tongue-shaped flowers around the terminal flower head, with yellow tubular flowers in the middle, but the corolla color changes greatly, except blue, there are yellow, white, red, orange, purple and variegated colors; The pattern has changed greatly. The flowering period is from summer to autumn to winter, but mainly in 10. The fruit is an achene. ?

Chrysanthemum originated in China and has a long history of cultivation. It was recorded as early as more than two thousand years ago, and the ancients also had the habit of enjoying chrysanthemums on Double Ninth Festival. ?

Chrysanthemum is cold-resistant, and likes deep and fertile sandy loam with good drainage to avoid waterlogging. ?

Chrysanthemum has many economic values. Hangju is a good refreshing drink; Chrysanthemum can be used as medicine, clearing away heat and expelling wind, calming the liver and improving eyesight. ?

Chrysanthemum is a traditional famous flower loved by China people, with a cultivation history of more than 3,000 years. Also known as one of the "Four Gentlemen". ?

Tao Yuanming of the Jin Dynasty loved chrysanthemums alone, and his poem "Picking chrysanthemums under the hedge, leisurely seeing Nanshan" is familiar to everyone. ?

There are many kinds of chrysanthemums. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 20,000 to 25,000 in the world and more than 7,000 in China. Among so many varieties, there are not only differences in color, petal shape, flowering period and flower diameter, but also great differences in pruning methods and garden applications. ?

Several common classifications are introduced as follows:

According to the natural flowering period of chrysanthemum? 1, Chunju: flowering period is from late April to late May. ?

2. Xia Ju: Open from late May to August. ?

3. Autumn Chrysanthemum: It is the most common chrysanthemum, and it opens in mid-June at 65438+ 10 to the end of June 165438+ 10. ?

4. Cold chrysanthemum (winter chrysanthemum): open from early February to June of the following year. ?

By pruning or applying different classifications?

Chrysanthemum pruning method is different, the posture is different, the garden application method is also different, generally divided into the following categories:

1, the only chrysanthemum (specimen chrysanthemum)?

It is a chrysanthemum with an average flower diameter of 20-30 cm, which is used for exhibition or variety identification. Appreciation criteria are stout stems, uniform internodes, thick leaves, persistent leaves, large and colorful flowers and moderate height (40 cm). ?

2. Curie (multiple chrysanthemums)?

For a chrysanthemum with several flowers, it is often used to arrange flower beds or cut flowers for seed. Pay attention to the same height of branches when coring in cultivation. Appreciation criteria are lush foliage, consistent flower height, flower size and flowering period, neat flowers and even distribution. ?

3. da Curie?

There are hundreds or even thousands of flowers in a plant, and the flowers are neat in size and consistent in flowering period, which is suitable for exhibitions, halls and gardens. By removing the core and grafting (budding), the shape of a thousand flowers can be achieved. The appreciation standard is that the trunk is stretched, the position is moderate, the flower branches are evenly distributed, the flowers are open and consistent, the mounting order is neat, and the charm is magnificent. As far as we know, a giant chrysanthemum 1994 165438 with 5766 flowers (39 circles) exhibited by Xiaolan Chrysanthemum Club in Zhongshan City in June is the best in China. ?

4. cliff chrysanthemum?

This is Xiao Ju's pruning form. Usually choose single petal, multi-branch, soft branches and dense flowers, imitating the natural posture of wild Xiao Ju hanging on the mountain, and the whole branch hangs like a cliff. The key to cultivation is to lure the trunk forward with bamboo frame and pick the core at the right time. The standard of appreciation is that the flower branches are upside down, the trunk is in the midline, the lateral branches are evenly distributed, the front is narrow and the back is wide, the flowers are full, the flowering period is consistent, and the length wins. ?

5. Grafting chrysanthemums?

It is a chrysanthemum grafted with various colors. Use bud grafting to make chrysanthemums of different varieties and colors bloom on one plant. ?

6. table chrysanthemum?

It is another form of the only chrysanthemum. One plant and one flower in each pot, with a height of 20 cm, short and strong plants and huge flowers, suitable for indoor coffee table and desk decoration. Apply more dwarfing agents to make them dwarf and strong. ?

7. bonsai chrysanthemum?

Using chrysanthemum, rocks and other materials, through artistic processing, a living artwork is created in a basin. Chrysanthemum bonsai is usually dominated by Xiao Ju, so it is advisable to choose varieties with tough branches, small leaves, dense nodes, sparse flowers and elegant colors. There are also old plants preserved last year, which should be strengthened in management and continue to be cultivated and rejuvenated after wintering. The old stems of such bonsai are vigorous, which can improve the appreciation value. ?

Chrysanthemum has strong adaptability and likes sunshine, but it is also slightly tolerant to shade, cold and drought, avoiding water accumulation and continuous cropping. I like sandy soil with high and dry terrain, deep soil layer, rich humus and good drainage. Propagation is mainly based on cutting, rameting and grafting. Chrysanthemum is a short-day plant, which can promote its flowering in advance or delay by shading or extending the light. ?

Cultivation management should pay attention to the following aspects.

1, watering is the key to raising chrysanthemums. ?

Chrysanthemums like wet, but avoid water. Insufficient watering affects growth and development, and excessive watering causes white leaves or rotten roots to die. Therefore, when watering, it must be "dry and thoroughly watered", not too dry and too wet, and not half dry and half wet. ?

2. Chrysanthemum likes fertilizer, and the principle of fertilization is to apply more fertilizer. ?

If the leaves are too big, too thick and dark green, it is a sign of excessive fertilization; if the leaves are small, thin and yellow, it is a sign of insufficient fertilization. Don't splash it on the leaves when applying fertilizer, so as not to cause defoliation. ?

3. Remove the core and bud in time. ?

Tapping can promote the growth of lateral branches and reach the expected number of flowers; Plant height and flowering period can be controlled, and flowers can generally bloom 80~85 days after the last coring. Besides bud and bud, it can also concentrate nutrition. Generally, only one bud is left at the top of each branch of potted chrysanthemum, and all other lateral buds and buds are removed, so that the flower is very large. The appearance and size of buds are basically the same, so it is not enough to remove buds at one time, and we have to go several times. ?

Chrysanthemum is a traditional famous flower in China. Beautiful, but I don't flatter you with its exquisite beauty.

However, it wins with grace and firmness, and blooms after the flowers wither. People like its beauty?

Charm, I love it more. First frost is in full bloom, but the west wind has not fallen. From China?

Noble and strong sentiment, as a symbol of national spirit, is regarded as the essence of the nation and is loved by people.

As the flower of Ao Shuang, it has always been favored by poets, especially the ancients.

This is comparable to a person's noble sentiment and perseverance. ?

People in China like chrysanthemums very much. Since the Song Dynasty, there has been an annual Chrysanthemum Festival among the people. ?

In ancient myths and legends, chrysanthemum was endowed with the meaning of good luck and longevity. Like chrysanthemums and?

Magpie combination means "family happiness"; Chrysanthemum and pine trees are combined into "longevity extension"?

Year "and so on. , is widely used in the folk.