Electrolyte solution is conductive, because there are free-moving ions, so generally speaking, the higher the ion concentration, the more charges the ions carry, and the stronger the conductivity of the solution.

1. comparison of conductivity between strong and weak electrolyte solutions

1. Strong and weak electrolyte solutions with the same substance concentration have strong conductivity because the weak electrolyte is partially ionized and the ion concentration is low. Therefore, at the same concentration and temperature, we can judge the strength of electrolyte through comparative experiments.

2. The conductivity of strong electrolyte solution is not necessarily stronger than that of weak electrolyte solution. For example, at room temperature, 10g acetic acid and 10g barium sulfate are added to the solution made of 10g water respectively, and acetic acid has strong conductivity. Because barium sulfate is insoluble in water, only a small part of it is soluble in water, but all the water-soluble parts are ionized, so the conductivity of barium sulfate solution is poor, but barium sulfate is a strong electrolyte.

3. Electrolytes are generally soluble in water, such as solid sodium chloride and pure sulfuric acid.

4. A solution formed by dissolving a substance in water can conduct electricity. The substance is not necessarily an electrolyte, such as an aqueous solution of Cl2 and SO2, but SO2 is a non-electrolyte, and Cl2 is neither an electrolyte nor a non-electrolyte.

Second, the factors affecting the conductivity of electrolyte solution

1. Add other electrolytes.

(1) Generally speaking, when the electrolyte is strengthened in a strong electrolyte solution, the conductivity does not change much. For example, when potassium nitrate is added to a sodium chloride solution, but sulfuric acid or copper sulfate is added to a barium hydroxide solution, two poles which are difficult to conduct electricity will appear in the process of increasing the electrolyte, because they can react with each other to generate precipitates and substances which are difficult to ionize. After the appearance of two poles, increasing electrolyte continuously will enhance the conductivity of the solution.

(2) Generally speaking, adding weak electrolyte into weak electrolyte solution has little change in conductivity, such as glacial acetic acid in acetic acid solution, but adding glacial acetic acid into ammonia water will significantly enhance the conductivity of the solution, because they react with each other to generate strong electrolyte ammonium acetate; When bisulfate is added to sulfurous acid solution, the conductivity of the solution will be obviously weakened, because they react with each other to generate weak electrolyte water and elemental sulfur.

(3) When a weak electrolyte is added to a strong electrolyte solution, the conductivity changes little.

④ Strengthening electrolyte in weak electrolyte solution can significantly improve the conductivity.

2. Dilution with water: Generally speaking, the conductivity of electrolyte solution diluted with water is weakened, but after diluted with water for a period of time, the conductivity of concentrated acetic acid will be slightly enhanced, because the ionization degree of concentrated acetic acid is very small. After adding water for a period of time, the increase of ionization degree of acetic acid is the main change, and the increase of solution volume is the secondary change.

3. Increasing the temperature: Generally speaking, when the temperature of electrolyte solution increases, the conductivity is enhanced, because the ion movement rate is high at high temperature, and the change of weak electrolyte solution such as acetic acid solution is particularly obvious, but it will not be that the higher the temperature, the stronger the conductivity, because the weak electrolyte may volatilize at high temperature. It is worth noting that the conductivity of metals decreases with the increase of temperature, because the resistance is high at high temperature.

4. When chlorine is introduced, the conductivity of sulfurous acid solution increases. After the sulfurous acid solution is exposed to the air for a period of time, the conductivity is also enhanced, because sulfurous acid is reductive and reacts with chlorine and oxygen to generate sulfuric acid.