[Keywords:]: Exploration of Automobile Major in Higher Vocational Colleges
In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy, the number of cars has increased rapidly, and the demand for talents in car use and maintenance has also surged. In this case, many higher vocational colleges all over the country are scrambling to set up automobile use majors. However, due to the short establishment of this major and the fact that higher vocational education itself is a relatively new educational model, people are still in the stage of gradually exploring its teaching system and teaching methods, so that the teaching system of automobile transportation major in higher vocational colleges is still not perfect, and some higher vocational colleges still follow the old teaching system and do not have higher vocational characteristics. In this way, it can not fully meet the social demand for higher vocational automobile transportation talents. Then, how to build and improve the automobile transportation specialty in higher vocational colleges? The following are some of my humble opinions, which I hope to discuss with you.
First, the name is neat and smooth.
At the beginning of freshman year, many students and parents will ask me a question: What is your major? Why is there such confusion? It's not hard to find the answer by opening the enrollment brochures of higher vocational colleges: the same major has been given different names in terms of professional nature and training objectives, mainly including "automotive application engineering", "automotive application technology", "automotive application and maintenance" and "automotive application and testing technology". I think it is necessary to unify and standardize the professional names, whether in the attitude of being responsible to students and parents or in the construction of their own majors.
The name "Automobile Application Engineering" mainly follows the name of automobile transportation specialty in undergraduate colleges, and does not have the characteristics of "higher vocational education". The two names "Automobile Application and Maintenance" and "Automobile Application and Inspection Technology" highlight the automobile maintenance technology and automobile inspection technology in the automobile application system respectively, but they cannot fully reflect the professional nature and training objectives. Furthermore, from a professional point of view, "automobile maintenance" and "automobile inspection" are two technologies included in the automobile application system, which obviously cannot be named in parallel with "automobile application". Personally, I think it is more appropriate to adopt the name of "automobile application technology" for automobile transportation specialty in higher vocational colleges, so as to distinguish it from the name of "automobile application engineering" for undergraduates, and highlight the characteristics of higher vocational education facing the front line of production and paying attention to cultivating students' practical technology and skills.
Second, there is motivation only when there is a goal.
What can I do after graduation? This is the most concerned issue for students and parents of automobile transportation major in higher vocational colleges.
A few years ago, China's automobile industry was not very developed, with a small number of cars, mainly medium-sized trucks and low technology content. The basic task of automobile application is limited to "using, managing and maintaining the automobile well", and both the automobile use technology, management system and maintenance equipment and technology are relatively backward. Automobile detection and fault diagnosis mainly rely on traditional empirical methods.
After the reform and opening up, especially in the last decade, with the rapid development of China's automobile industry, the number of cars has surged, and now it has gradually entered the family. The types of cars have also developed from a single type in the past to a gratifying situation in which cars are the mainstay and a variety of models are blooming. Structurally, due to the extensive use of electronic control technology, modern hydraulic technology and new materials, new technology and new energy, the scientific and technological content of modern automobiles has been very high. The basic task of automobile application has also changed from "grasping links" in the past to "implementing comprehensive management of the whole process of matching, correct use, regular inspection, compulsory maintenance, repair as appropriate, reasonable transformation, timely renewal and scrapping." At the same time, higher requirements are put forward for the use technology, management system, maintenance technology and detection and diagnosis technology of automobiles.
Therefore, there is a great demand for automotive application professionals, especially advanced applied and technical talents. According to an authoritative survey on the website of higher vocational education, the automobile application professionals in higher vocational education have become "skilled talents in modern service industry". Therefore, I think automobile transportation specialty in higher vocational colleges should adapt to this demand, vigorously strengthen quality education, highlight the characteristics of higher vocational education, and strive to cultivate both solid theoretical foundation and higher vocational skills; That is, senior applied and technical talents who can directly engage in technical work such as automobile use, automobile maintenance, detection and diagnosis, and can also engage in vehicle technical management in the first line of production.
Third, teach students in accordance with their aptitude.
What courses do you study at school? This is also a concern of students and parents.
Due to the change of educational system (from three-year system to two-year system), the contradiction between the curriculum and teaching plan of automobile transportation specialty in higher vocational colleges is more prominent. So, how to solve this problem? I think the key is to break the teaching framework of traditional education, grasp the characteristics of higher vocational education and streamline and optimize the professional teaching system. Specifically put forward the following two suggestions for reference only:
(A) correctly handle the relationship between basic courses and professional courses.
The training goal of higher vocational education is applied and technical talents, not "theoretical" and "research" talents. In addition, the students are all high school graduates and have a certain level of basic theory. Therefore, in order to ensure the teaching quality of specialized courses and strengthen students' professional skills, when studying courses and making teaching plans, we should try our best to reduce the number and hours of basic courses according to the characteristics of automobile transportation specialty in higher vocational colleges to meet the necessary needs. Such as Chinese, chemistry, physics and other basic courses that are not closely related to professional courses should be resolutely cut off; Politics, physical education, mathematics, English, computer and other courses that can improve students' comprehensive quality and ability should also be compressed as much as possible according to needs, so as to be sufficient; For the setting of technical basic courses, we should consider the needs of professional courses and choose them with emphasis. Such as theoretical mechanics, material mechanics, metal materials and heat treatment. The class hours can be reduced appropriately, but for the basic technical courses closely related to automobile transportation, such as mechanical parts, electrician and electronics, hydraulic and hydraulic transmission technology, sufficient teaching hours must be arranged to ensure the teaching quality.
(2) Correctly handle the relationship between theoretical courses and practical teaching.
Higher vocational education cultivates senior skilled talents facing the front line of production, and automobile transportation specialty itself is a specialty with strong practicality and high requirements for students' practical skills. In order to improve the professional quality of graduates and broaden employment channels, all higher vocational colleges are vigorously promoting the "double certificate system" education. Therefore, we must ensure the quality of practical teaching. The premise is that when studying and making teaching plans, we must ensure that the internship training time is enough. According to my own teaching experience, the author puts forward the following suggestions on the professional practice setting and time arrangement of automobile transportation specialty in higher vocational colleges for reference only.
Internship name
time management
Reserve bill
Automobile disassembly practice
2 weeks
Automobile driving practice
6 weeks
Get a driving license
Automobile maintenance practice
6 weeks
Obtain a repairman certificate
graduation field work
5 weeks
Due to the limitation of academic system and teaching time, the guarantee of practical teaching time will inevitably greatly affect the teaching of professional theory courses. So, how to solve this problem? .
1 Streamlining and Optimizing Specialized Courses
Looking up the professional introduction and teaching plan of higher vocational colleges, we can see that the professional theoretical courses offered by automobile transportation specialty in higher vocational colleges mainly include: automobile structure, engine principle and automobile theory, automobile electrical equipment, automobile operating materials, automobile use technology, automobile maintenance technology, automobile detection and fault diagnosis technology, automobile transportation enterprise management, automobile new technology and so on. Starting from the training goal of automobile transportation major in higher vocational colleges and considering the establishment of students' professional knowledge structure, I think the required courses of the major should include: automobile structure, engine principle and automobile theory, automobile electrical equipment, automobile use technology, automobile maintenance technology, automobile detection and fault diagnosis technology, etc. And other courses can be adjusted as follows:
Because the course nature of automobile transportation enterprise management has obviously failed to meet the training objectives of higher vocational education, it should be cut off. The content of vehicle technical management is the necessary knowledge for students majoring in automobile transportation in higher vocational colleges, which can be studied in the course of automobile use technology; The use of automobile running materials can also be studied in the course of automobile use technology, rather than in a separate class; For the course "New Automotive Technology", I suggest that the content can be decomposed according to different properties and characteristics, and then put into other corresponding courses to learn.
2. Deal with the connection between the contents of various professional courses to avoid repeated learning.
Due to the internal close relationship between specialized courses and the consideration of textbook writers on the knowledge integrity of specialized courses, there are many overlapping, repetitive and even contradictory contents between specialized courses. This requires teachers of various professional courses to strengthen communication and cooperation with each other from the perspective of professional teaching as a whole, and make appropriate selection and adjustment of repetitive contents according to the teaching needs of various professional courses, so as to achieve the goal of non-repetition, non-contradiction and mutual supplement, so as to simplify and optimize the knowledge structure of professional courses.