From the late 1970s to the early 1980s, Tolstoy completed the transformation of his world outlook. In the late 1970s, the class struggle in Russian society became increasingly fierce. 186 1 year after the reform, farmers who were on the verge of bankruptcy suffered a series of plunder, and now they have failed in crops for years, and thousands of people died of famine and plague. Natural and man-made disasters forced farmers to stand up and struggle, once again forming a revolutionary situation, which attracted Tolstoy's attention. So he stepped up social activities, visited churches and monasteries, and talked with bishops and priests; Appear on the jury; Visit prisons and shelters for new recruits; Investigate slums and so on. All this deepened his understanding of the tyranny and evil of the exploiting classes, promoted the drastic change of his world outlook and had a far-reaching impact on his creation. He once said in Confessions: "The period of 188 1 was the most intense and fiery period when I changed my whole outlook on life from my heart" and "I abandoned the life of that class". He wrote in Confessions (1879 ~ 1880) what is my belief? "(1882 ~ 1884)" So what should we do? " (1886) and other papers elaborated their own transformation and views after the transformation. Lenin pointed out the characteristics of this change: "Tolstoy belongs to the upper-class landlords and nobles in Russia in origin and education, but he abandoned all the traditional views of this class and turned to the patriarchal peasants' views." "Lenin also said that there are obvious contradictions in Tolstoy's transformed views. On the one hand, he exposed and criticized the hypocrisy of aristocratic bourgeois society, the exploitation of capitalism, the tyranny of government organs and the hypocrisy of government-run churches, on the other hand, he preached a set of Tolstoy-style sermons such as "moral cultivation", "not confronting evil with violence" and Christian forgiveness and fraternity. These contradictions reflect the resistance and weakness of Russian patriarchal peasants. Therefore, it can be said: "As a prophet who invented new technology to save the world, Tolstoy is ridiculous. Tolstoy is great as the expression of the thoughts and feelings of millions of Russian peasants when the Russian bourgeois revolution is coming. Tolstoy is original, because all his viewpoints, on the whole, only show the characteristics of China Revolution as a peasant bourgeois revolution. From this perspective, the contradictions in Tolstoy's eyes are indeed a mirror reflecting various contradictions in the historical activities of farmers during the Russian Revolution. " (Lenin: lev tolstoy is the Mirror of Russian Revolution, Selected Works of Lenin, Vol.2, p.369).

Tolstoy devoted himself to "common people" in his later years: he was a vegetarian, engaged in manual labor, cultivated land, watered vegetables and made shoes; And hoped to give up private property and aristocratic privileges, so there was a conflict with his wife and family relations became tense. Finally, he ran away from home in secret, caught a cold on the way, and died at Astabovo Railway Station on1911.20 (11.7). According to his will, the body was buried in the forest of Paulia in Jasna. There is no tombstone or cross erected on the grave, which Zweig called "the most beautiful grave in the world".