1: Introduction to the Renaissance The Renaissance refers to an important historical period in the history of cultural and artistic development in western and central European countries from14th century to16th century. It is the second peak in European cultural history after ancient Greece and Rome. The original intention of Renaissance is the revival of art and literature under the influence of classical norms. Its change is based on caring, respecting and people-oriented world outlook. This world outlook was established in the14th century through the rediscovery of ancient literature and art by a series of scientists, thinkers and writers. At that time, people discovered the importance of nature and human body value from ancient literature, which made them make a new evaluation of man and nature. In fact, the Renaissance, as a great turning point in European history, has a much broader significance. The emergence of humanism affirms that man is the creator or master of life. They demand that literature and art should express people's thoughts and feelings, science should benefit life, education should develop people's personality, thoughts, feelings and wisdom should be liberated from the bondage of theocracy, and individual freedom should be advocated against personal attachment. Renaissance art developed on this basis. 2. Italy's early Renaissance/the first three quarters of the 0/5th century, Italian artists in the early Renaissance got rid of the norms of the Middle Ages and tried to open up a new situation of artistic creation with the help of reason and scientific knowledge, so that vivid images and scenes could be reflected in works of art and become reproducible art. In the field of painting, they explored and tried their best to make a two-dimensional plane have a three-dimensional sense of space. And make the activities of the characters three-dimensional, so as to realize the illusion effect pursued by the ancient Greeks, and let people regard art as a portrayal of real life and something that can be felt, melted and recognized. This practice began in Florence and gradually spread throughout Italy. It embodies the new spirit, adapts to the requirements of the times, and paves the way for the heyday of the Renaissance. (1) Florence's early Renaissance art can be seen from the following representative figures and works: A: ghiberti ghiberti (1378- 1455) is a figure who embodies the transition from Gothic art to Renaissance art. He is brilliant and his creative activities involve different fields, but his greatest achievement is in the field of sculpture. The masterpiece "The Gate of Heaven" (1424- 1452) is a bronze relief of the gate of Florence Baptistery. Drawing lessons from painting techniques, the shapes and faces of individual characters are finely shaped with bumps of different heights; Use perspective to reproduce the position of characters and the depth of spatial environment. In the handling of character movements and clothing patterns, some beautiful international Gothic styles are still preserved. B: Tibru Brunelleschi (1377-1446) has made great contributions to opening up new roads and styles. He is a man of many talents. At first, he was engaged in the creation of sculptures and gold and silver handicrafts, and was one of the great representatives of Renaissance architecture. He creatively combined the ancient Roman architectural form with Gothic structure. The church on the drum stand out clearly, solemn, brisk and beautiful, with strong visual appeal. Brunelleschi hopes to build architectural design on the basis of mathematical science, and regards proportion harmony as the essence of classical architecture. He used the vocabulary of classical architecture to obtain a bright, simple, beautiful and harmonious effect, which made the architecture have a rational beauty. He made an inestimable contribution to the development of painting. His research achievements in online perspective provide a scientific basis for new painting creation. Creating the illusion of real space with the help of line perspective is the great ambition and outstanding achievement of Italian Renaissance painters. C: Donatello Donatello (1386- 1466) was the first generation of Italian artists in the early Renaissance and the most outstanding sculptor in the15th century. His admiration and reference to classical art can be said to be the same characteristics of Italian artists in the Renaissance. Donatello created a large number of energetic, solemn and calm sculptures in his life. Representative works: David (about 1430- 1432) is the first work to revive the tradition of ancient nude statues. Donatello used the corresponding composition method created by the ancient Greeks to show people the image of a teenager with accurate proportion and structure. This biblical figure is no longer a conceptual symbol, but a vivid life. St George statue (1415-1417) and Tamera da equestrian statue (1445- 1450) D: Ma Saqiao, Ma Saqiao (Ma Saqiao,/kloc-0 ) is a key figure with great influence in the development of Renaissance painting. In his creation, he completely got rid of the elegant style and decorative meaning of late Gothic painting and put the creation of real image and real space in the first place. Representative work: Tax Payment (1425- 1428) is a large-scale mural depicting religious themes (mural painting was a very popular painting style in Italy at that time). Different characters and different scenes are very real and full of sense of volume. The expressions and actions of characters are described from the perspective of showing their different relationships and psychological States. In those buildings and natural environments that conform to the law of linear perspective, people are in their places, just like real scenes in life. There is no international Gothic painting that emphasizes the decorative arrangement of the picture and pursues the shadow of beautiful lines and colors. A plump figure may be a bit clumsy, but it's real. The linear modeling rhythm strengthens the memorial of murals. Truth and grandeur are the characteristics of Ma Saqiao's art. E: Albert's famous humanist leon battista alberti (1404- 1472) is a typical all-rounder who attaches great importance to the role of mathematics in art. Caring about theoretical problems and not treating art as a pure skill, but as a manifestation of wisdom, is the general attitude of artists in the Renaissance. He wrote works on painting, sculpture and architecture. Ten architectural books published in 1485 had a considerable impact on the development of Renaissance architecture. The preference for geometric shapes such as squares and circles can be said to be the characteristics of this era and his own art.