Thoughts on Accelerating the Construction of Small Towns Small towns are regional systems characterized by gathering population, commodities, civilization, news, science and technology, education, finance and services. Small towns are located at the head and tail of rural areas, which are inextricably linked with rural economy and are the main support points for completing agricultural modernization; Close contact with Nakamura is the foundation and background for the further development of Nakamura. The Sixteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: "Gradually improve the level of urbanization, adhere to the coordinated development of large, medium and small villages and small towns, and take the road of urbanization with China characteristics." This is the fundamental guiding ideology for Shiyan to coordinate urban and rural economic and social development and promote urbanization. Speeding up the construction of small towns and taking the road of urbanization in line with Shiyan's reality is the fundamental way to deal with the "three rural" effect and the strategic effect of building a well-off society in rural areas. I. Strategic Significance of Developing Small Towns and Accelerating Urbanization Shiyan, as a new industrial village located in the mountainous area of northwest Hubei, has diverse industrial structures, typical dual economic structure between urban and rural areas, and arduous poverty alleviation obligations. Decreasing the speed and promoting urbanization is not only a historical stage that our city must cross to build a well-off society in an all-round way unilaterally, but also the key to deal with many influences of current and future economic and social development. Develop small towns, promote urbanization, complete the transformation of social and economic structure, separate urbanization from rural industrialization and industrialization, promote the transfer of rural surplus labor to non-agricultural industries and towns, and complete the harmonious development of urban and rural areas. Therefore, accelerating the process of urbanization and improving the level of urbanization has become the main and urgent strategic task for our city to build a well-off society in an all-round way in the new century. 1. Promoting urbanization is beneficial for farmers to get rid of poverty and become rich and well-off. The key and difficult point of building a well-off society unilaterally lies in rural areas, especially in economically underdeveloped areas like Shiyan. Nearly 70% of the population in Shiyan is in rural areas, and there are still 6.5438+0.4 million poor people who have not yet dealt with the effect of food and clothing. The natural conditions in poor mountainous areas are harsh, the output rate of unit land is limited, and the space for improving planting industry is limited. To make farmers rich, the only way out is to complete the transfer of farmers to non-agricultural industries through urbanization, increase the number of farmers and increase the per capita consumption rate. The expenditure of transferred rural surplus electricity has increased, the value of rural surplus electricity has also greatly increased, and the expenditure has also increased accordingly. However, the ability of large and medium-sized villages to absorb rural surplus labor force is extremely limited. Therefore, only by developing small towns, completing urbanization, perfecting the dual economic structure between urban and rural areas, completing the rational distribution and free activities of population and economic factors, achieving regional economic harmony, and dominating urban and rural areas, can the large-scale transfer of rural population be completed, and there is no other way out. 2. Promoting urbanization is conducive to accelerating rural industrialization and agricultural industrialization. In fact, urbanization is the result of social cooperation and consumption specialization. Industrialization and urbanization are two positive aspects of the modernization process. The agglomeration form of industrial demand, as long as human activities gather, will reduce industrial consumption interest and form agglomeration effect. Therefore, urbanization is an affirmative product of industrialization, and if combined with urbanization, it will reduce the efficiency of industrialization; When it is combined with industrialization, urbanization will be aimless and lose its motivation. At present, the scale of township enterprises in our city is small and the level of intensification is low. Through the development of small towns, township enterprises gather in small towns. Give full play to the role of small towns as rural transportation centers, audio centers, technology centers and talent centers, and provide basic equipment, markets, technology and talent conditions for the development of township industries; Promote agricultural industrialization after developing the radiation effect of small towns on rural areas. 3. Promoting urbanization is conducive to improving the ecological environment. Shiyan, as the source of water diversion in the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project, has a glorious and arduous obligation to improve the ecological environment. There are few mountains in our city and the ecological environment is fragile. Among the more than 2.4 million rural people in the city, the land owned by families is only 6.5438+0.6 million mu. Because of living and gathering, natural disasters occur frequently, and 70% of the planting industry looks up to heaven and sighs. Only by urbanization, increasing the number of farmers, correspondingly increasing the population carried by the existing cultivated land, changing farmers' lifestyle, improving their quality of life, enabling them to gather in towns and give nature a chance to recuperate, can we finally cope with the ecological and environmental effects such as soil improvement, soil erosion and declining forest coverage. Second, the status quo and effect of establishing small towns Since the blockade, especially after the merger of 1994 towns, Shiyan cities and towns have developed rapidly. Up to now, the number of established towns has increased from 13 in 1984 to 63, including 9 towns with an urban population of over 10,000, with a total urban population of 1 1. 80,000 people, as short as 17, the urbanization rate changed from 14. 9% to 32 years old. 5%。 The spatial layout of cities and towns is mainly developed along the traffic branches such as Hunan-Chongqing Railway, Hanjiang River, National Highway 209 and National Highway 3 16. The functions of cities and towns have changed the situation that many political functions or low-level commercial functions dominated in the past, and formed various types of structures with economic functions as the mainstay. Throughout the process of urbanization in Shiyan, there are two characteristics: first, Shiyan city (central village) is the growth pole of regional economy, the rural population is increasing rapidly due to the automobile industry agglomeration effect, and the rural analysis is increasing day by day; Second, rural urbanization, that is, the development of small towns is relatively slow. Due to the restriction of administrative divisions before the merger of towns, the economic ties between the central villages and towns in this area are loose. The economic development of regional towns mainly depends on the development and utilization of natural resources, border trade and the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure. The radiation ability of the central village to small towns is weak. After the merger of cities and towns, cities and towns have established a harmonious development track. The rural population in Shiyan City is sparse, and the land resources, especially cultivated land resources, are limited, which determines that the transfer pressure of agricultural surplus labor is moderate and the rural economy is very backward. Therefore, the internal and external motivation for the formation of small towns in rural areas is weak, which leads to the lag of the development of small towns. The development of Shiyan small towns has many influences: First, the planning effect. Planning is not superstitious, and implementation lacks seriousness. Towns lack characteristics and their styles are the same; The second is the financing effect. At present, urbanization is still a kind of government behavior, and it has not yet faced the market and formed a diversified investment subject. Therefore, the sources of funds for the establishment of cities are poor, there are many investment channels, and the investment is harsh and lacking; The third is institutional obstacles. The household registration system connecting urban and rural areas delays the pace of farmers leaving home and is conducive to mobilizing the enthusiasm of farmers to work and do business in cities. The innovation of social security system is lagging behind, and the social security system is not perfect, which makes farmers lack a "sense of security" when they enter cities and towns and increases the benefits of urbanization; The fourth is the policy effect. A series of preferential policies to encourage farmers to work and do business in cities have been introduced in various places, but they have not been effectively implemented. Farmers do not enjoy preferential treatment in market access, tax collection, schooling for their children, and even some farmers in central China do not enjoy the treatment of urban residents when they enter cities and towns. There are many reasons for the lagging development of small towns in our city, but objectively speaking, the main reason is that there are ideological misunderstandings in the way of thinking and guiding ideology of town establishment, which must be restrained: First, the ideological misunderstanding of setting up a city based on official standards must be restrained. In the long feudal society, except for the emperor, the following states, prefectures, counties and counties were all dignified and insurmountable. There are strict regulations on the villages under the jurisdiction of which officials, how high the walls should be, how many streets there should be and how big the yamen is. From the founding of the People's Republic of China to the reform and blockade, under the condition of planned economy, the establishment of provinces, cities, counties and towns basically followed the feudal society, and cities were set up in strict accordance with administrative levels, jurisdiction areas and population. The city scope is basically positioned by official hat, not by economic scope and economic development speed. After more than 30 years of innovation, many things divorced from reality, including systems and concepts, have been corrected, but this radical form of establishing cities and towns is still firmly retained. Moreover, it has formed an inherent form in our minds and systems, which is difficult to express the ontology of the period and limits the development of urbanization. We must exercise restraint. Second, we must restrain the ideological misunderstanding of artificial market construction. Assuming that the ancient Loulan has made great contributions to the development of the ancient Silk Road, its disappearance should also be a positive law of economic and social development. How big and complete the life and development of a small town should be, there are rules to follow. Therefore, we can't build the urban framework by objective imagination. We can't ignore the comparative advantages of urban development scope and regional economic and social dynamics, strive for good results, artificially build cities, consciously expand cities, and let towns "fatten up", but there are cities without cities. For example, some small towns in our city have spent a lot of money to build several streets and squares, but they are still empty shells. It's heartbreaking to waste money and experience like this. In the future urbanization of our city, we must pay attention to restraining this ideological misunderstanding of violating the law and artificially building the city. Third, we must restrain the ideological misunderstanding of omnipotence and chaos. Due to the influence of planned economy and natural economy, many small towns in our city always want to keep pace with all walks of life, making "big and comprehensive" and "small and comprehensive", ignoring their own industrial advantages and civilized characteristics, and making "all-round towns". Professor Fei Xiaotong, a senior sociologist, put forward the concept of "small towns, big strategies" after investigating southern Jiangsu. The significance lies in the rapid development of rural commodity economy after the blockade, calling for the development of small towns and providing them with news, market and superstitious and civilized services. One of the means to speed up the construction of small towns is to deal with the stagnation effect of commodity economy outside rural areas; The second is to deal with the "common problems" of big villages with the popularization of small towns. Regrettably, we distorted the original intention of Fei Lao, and unilaterally thought that developing commodity economy in small towns was "small and comprehensive", but failed to keep pace with the times. We investigated and established the establishment of small towns under the background of international social cooperation and economic globalization, which led to many "all-round towns" in the development of small towns, resulting in a waste of social resources. Third, the ideas and countermeasures to speed up the construction of small towns in our city. The establishment of small towns in our city should be based on the market, which should not only increase the number of towns, but also pay attention to improving the quality of urbanization. It is necessary to blindly plan, improve the system, rationally lay out, generally focus on it, and promote it step by step, so as to unilaterally enhance the analytical power, gathering ability and economic radiation function of towns and gradually form a unique urban system supported by key towns. It is necessary to regard the service of agriculture, countryside and farmers as the starting point and destination of the construction of small towns, separate the construction of small towns from the development of township enterprises and the promotion of agricultural industrialization, enhance the reception and utilization of small towns, and make small towns a strategic fulcrum for promoting a well-off society in rural areas. According to the basic idea of establishing small towns, the following countermeasures should be taken to speed up the construction of small towns in our city: 1, changing officials and setting up cities according to economic scope. Since the blockade reform in China, in terms of economic scope, some previously unknown inland towns have surpassed many prefecture-level cities in the west, and the scope and format of their towns have also surpassed many counties and cities in the west. As far as Shiyan is concerned, the urbanization process started late. Even in county towns, compared with some towns in the mainland, there are great differences in economic aggregate and quality, and there are even greater differences in ideological concepts and business concepts. Although the country is still using the radical administrative form of setting up cities according to administrative levels, it is only a matter of time before it breaks through this radical shackles. Our city should follow the objective law that urbanization is a natural and historical process centered on economic development, arrange the distribution of urban resources according to the economic scope, clench its fist, focus on general problems, grasp the law, and take its own urbanization road selectively and distinctively. Otherwise, our urbanization process will certainly be immeasurably affected. 2. The development of cities and towns must rely on economic industries. In recent years, a few small towns in our city have appeared disordered layout, traffic congestion, incompatible urban service functions, and even "shell towns" without economic extension. One of the main reasons is that they have not been planned and structured from the perspective of economic development and industrial development, and lack the support of leading industries. A town can build a variety of industrial functions, but from the characteristics of the town, it can only have one or two main functions, forming one or two advantageous industries, rather than covering everything. After the reform and opening up in China, emerging towns such as Wenzhou, Mianyang, Zhucheng, etc. , are set up with characteristic industries. The development of small towns must be based on their respective advantages, promote the main direction, vigorously cultivate leading industries, and take the road of relying on industries to support radiation functions. Small towns in our city should carry forward the advantages of mountain resources, develop mountain resources processing industry, cultivate pillar industries in cities and towns, increase the economic strength of cities and towns and enhance the radiation function of rural economy. 3. Turn the all-round town into a characteristic town. Small towns in our city have the phenomenon of one-sided pursuit of "small and comprehensive" to varying degrees, which makes the characteristics of small towns unusual. The urbanization of our city should take the road of "small but special". Different small towns must create different characteristics, or form comparative advantages with industrial characteristics, civilized customs, location characteristics and general characteristics, implement differentiated cooperation strategies, form "famous town effect" with novel town characteristics, promote rural economic and social development, enhance cooperation among small towns, and promote the expansion of urban areas in the past. Without Shiyan characteristic industries and resources, we can focus on developing the following types of characteristic small towns: First, establish industrial small towns. The establishment of small towns should be closely separated from the auxiliary business of township enterprises. According to the characteristics of regional market and resources, we should rationally adjust the industrial structure and layout, guide township enterprises to set up small industrial parks, and shape township industries into the main force driving the construction of small towns. The second is to establish a tourism service-oriented small town. Villages and towns rich in tourism resources should do a good job in creating the ecological environment of scenic spots, improve service equipment, and unilaterally improve the level of hardware equipment and service reception in scenic spots. The third is to build a stagnant business-oriented small town. Kouzi Town, an important border trade town, should not only establish the market and other hardware equipment, but also accept the surrounding merchants from Hubei, Chongqing and Shaanxi to do business with the most favorable policies, the most convenient services and the most relaxed business environment. Fourth, establish small towns with characteristic industries. Relying on medicinal materials, turmeric, tea, turquoise and other mountain resources. Establish a characteristic industrial base, on the basis of expanding the scale, vigorously carry out processing, packaging and sales, and gradually form an industrial town integrating planting, processing, packaging and sales. The fifth is to establish immigrant towns. Seize the opportunity of the middle route project of South-to-North Water Transfer Project, make good use of the policy of living immigrants, and promote the construction of immigrant small towns. 4. Actively deal with the detail effect in the establishment of small towns. The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: "To develop small towns, we should make superstitious planning and rational layout based on existing county towns and towns with conditions, eliminate institutional and policy obstacles conducive to urbanization, and point out reasonable and orderly activities in rural areas." On the basis of this body, in order to make small towns develop healthily, we must deal with the following influences: (1) Do a good job in superstitious planning. The planning of small towns should adhere to the criteria of superstition and rationality, and the site selection should be related to the national micro-industrial policy, guiding policy and traffic and communication arteries. The end point should be high and have the flavor of the times; We must meet the requirements of agricultural industrialization in our city and make small towns become carriers of agricultural consumption, processing, stagnation and service. The planning of small towns should not only consider the layout of long-term rights education equipment, but also consider the layout of vocational and technical education equipment to revitalize the town through science and education, so as to ensure the sustainable implementation of the strategy in small towns; It is necessary to separate the demand for market integration from foreign economic characteristics, establish an urbanization system format with clear integration and cooperation, reasonable layout and separation from the central village, and use the big market to form a strong economic growth point; The appearance of small towns must show the analysis of economic strength and the cohesion of residents, so that the history of civilization in other places can not be fundamentally inherited and carried forward; We should take the establishment of environmental ecology as the main form and apply radical technical skills and natural conditions to establish ecological small towns. Planning must show overall insight and focus on the long-term, and must not be changed because of the change of party and government leaders. Once approved, the plan has legal effect, so it should be included in the system of purpose evaluation right, and the implementation of the plan should be strengthened. (2) Use market mechanism to raise funds through multiple channels. To raise funds for small towns, a diversified investment and financing system can be implemented, which is guided by financial funds, mainly absorbing official funds and supplemented by accepting foreign capital. First of all, financial funds can be tilted to small towns. While paying attention to the construction of infrastructure such as water, electricity, roads, communications and markets, we can increase projects that are closely related to farmers' interests and have huge consumption space, attract official investment and foreign investment, speed up the establishment, improve urban functions and enhance urban economic strength. Secondly, farmers get housing funds through housing projects in small towns. Third, introduce market mechanism into small towns. The government has made great efforts in improving service quality and task efficiency, perfecting rules and regulations, inventing excellent investment environment and other software, which has made small towns have a strong reception power and accepted many people with funds to participate in the construction of towns with the principle of "whoever invests will benefit". Boldly try and explore the idea of managing towns with assets, adhere to market-oriented operation, and constantly establish and improve the new mechanism of "managing towns". It is necessary to revitalize land resources to the maximum extent, turn natural resources into valuable financial resources for urban development, change the "administrative examination and approval system" of land use in the past into the usual "market allocation system", maximize the capital benefits of state-owned land, vigorously promote various land management methods such as bidding and auction, and raise more funds for urban construction. At the same time, the municipal equipment is operated to complete the rolling development. Manage tangible assets in cities and towns, and put the right to use and operate municipal equipment such as public real estate, roads, bridges and highway lampposts into the market. Rent if you can sell it. Management of urban tangible assets, through the transfer, auction, lease, etc., will be urban space, outdoor advertising signs, traffic lines, road naming rights and other equipment on the market, so that tangible assets become tangible assets. (3) Accelerate the pace of innovation and eliminate institutional obstacles. It is necessary to promote the innovation of urban household registration system, gradually implement the household registration cancellation system that divides urban household registration and rural household registration according to their current residence, implement the settlement norms that divide household, occupation and life roots, divide urban population and rural population according to their residence, and distinguish agricultural population and non-agricultural population according to their occupation. Ensure that the children of migrant farmers drop out of school, join the army and lose their jobs and enjoy the same waiting time. Encourage and accept farmers to settle down, find jobs and do business in cities and towns. It is necessary to innovate the way of land use, while insisting on shaking the existing rural land contract connection, stop innovating the rural land use circulation system, allow farmers to stop land transfer, lease, subcontract, shareholding, mortgage and other circulation activities, and deal with farmers' concerns that they will not be guaranteed and have a hard life after temporarily merging into the countryside, so as to lay a solid foundation for farmers to collectively use land after entering the city. At the same time, it is necessary to promote the innovation of supporting systems, vigorously promote the supporting innovation of medical care, unemployment and education systems, and establish a standardized social security system for unemployment, pension and medical care to solve the worries of farmers entering the city. hν▆aねm