Weng's son Huan Suoshu (auxiliary word is equivalent to "de")

A powerful strategy to conquer the interior (conjunctions modify relationships)

Respect the virtuous and value the virtuous (the coordinate relation of conjunctions)

The death of Qin Wu left the price of the arrow, but the princes of the world had already fallen (conjunctions indicate a turning point)

It's difficult for one person, but it's difficult for seven temples.

So the Qin people surrendered and took Xijiang (table modification is equivalent to "land")

Flexible use of parts of speech;

1, noun as adverbial

It means sweeping the whole world, including the whole world (like mats, parcels, pockets)

Use internal legislation and external balance to fight against princes (at home and abroad)

There are Hanzhong in the south, Bashu in the west, fertile land in the east and key counties in the north (south, west, east and north, etc.). )

The world gathers and responds, winning grain and following the scenery (such as clouds, such as echoes, such as shadows)

Take the land of Baiyue in the south (thinking that Guilin and Xiang Jun face south)

Is to let Meng Tian build the Great Wall in the north and keep the fence in the north.

2. Causative usage

Against external balance, governors make (governors) confront each other.

Unite with others to make (Qin) weak.

From left to right (Lian Heng strategy of Qin Dynasty) is discrete.

Burn the words of a hundred schools of thought, and control fools with fools (the power of the people).

Weaken (the people of the world)

Make the eight States face to face with the order, and lead them to worship.

I swallowed it for two weeks and then I died. The vassal state made (the vassal state) perish.

3. Nouns as verbs

The eternal occupation of future generations and emperors is also (being emperors).

Fulfill the supreme, achieve Liuhe (originally meant for shoes, here for boarding)

However, the son of Chen She's urn rope pivot (using the urn as a rope system)

Whip the world (with a whip, with a bamboo pole, extended to "slavery")

Take hundreds of people (lead, lead)

On Qin (pointing out mistakes)

4. Adjectives as verbs

And the world is not weak (smaller and weaker)

Respect the sage and attach importance to the sage (value)

5, verbs as nouns

Infantry who fled to the north in pursuit of death (defeated army)

6. Adjectives as nouns

Qin Xiaogong's honest letter (dangerous place)

When facing the abyss of unexpected events, we should think of a solid (solid barrier)

Take advantage of the situation (favorable situation)

Respect the virtuous and attach importance to the virtuous.

Shandong Haojun rises, Qin family dies (hero)

Extended data

On Guo Qin is the representative work of Jia Yi's political theory, which is divided into three parts. The full text analyzes the faults of the Qin Dynasty from various aspects, so it is named "On Qin". This paper aims to summarize the historical lessons of Qin's sudden death and provide reference for the establishment of the system and the consolidation of the rule in the Han Dynasty. It is a group of articles with profound insights and great artistic appeal.

The first part of "On Qin" first tells the reasons why Qin Zi was filial to the masses and the emperor gradually became powerful: geographical advantages, the idea of reforming the country, the correct war strategy, and the painstaking efforts of several Qin kings. Parallel prose and fine description methods are used in writing, which is full of momentum; After that, I wrote that although my strength is very small, I can bring down the powerful state of Qin. By contrast, I came to the conclusion that Qin's death was a "benevolent move".

The novella analyzes that after Qin unified the world, without correct policies, Qin Ershi failed to correct the wrong policies of Qin Shihuang, mainly accusing Qin Ershi of his fault. The next chapter writes that Zi Ying, the king of Qin, failed to save the country and help the poor, mainly accusing Zi Ying, the king of Qin, of his fault.

Creation background

The era of Emperor Wendi in the Western Han Dynasty was the early stage of the so-called "peace and prosperity" in the Han Dynasty, that is, "the rule of cultural scene". Jia Yi, with his keen insight, saw the latent crisis in the Western Han Dynasty through appearances. At that time, rich and powerful people embezzled a large number of farmers' land, forcing farmers into bankruptcy and exile, and heavy oppression, exploitation and cruel punishment also aggravated class contradictions.

The contradiction between domestic feudal separatism and centralization, the contradiction between the ruling class and the working people, and the contradiction between ethnic groups are intensifying day by day, and the position of the rulers is in danger of being shaken.

In order to reconcile various contradictions and ensure the long-term stability of the Western Han Dynasty, Jia Yi put forward many political opinions to the Han Dynasty in famous political essays such as Chen Zheng's Poems, On Storing and Storing, and On Guo Qin. This paper analyzes the success or failure of Qin politics from the perspective of summing up historical experience and lessons, and provides reference for Emperor Wendi's political reform.

When talking about the purpose of writing, Jia Yi said that the reason why he wanted to "examine the past, the present, the personnel, the rise and fall, and the tactics" was that he advocated "step by step and change with the times" in order to seek "national security for a long time" (Part II). The article On Qin summed up the lessons of the rise and fall of the Qin Dynasty, which was really Zhao Han's fault.

Baidu encyclopedia-on Qin