1, insect-resistant transgenic plants
200 1, transgenic insect-resistant cotton has made new breakthroughs on the basis of great achievements. The patent of insect-resistant cotton gene "fusion gene encoding insecticidal protein, expression vector and its application" by Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences won the China Patent Gold Award issued by China National Intellectual Property Administration and World Intellectual Property Organization. At the same time, bivalent transgenic insect-resistant cotton SGK32 1 has also passed the examination and approval of Hebei Variety Approval Committee, which indicates that China is in an international leading position in the research field of transgenic insect-resistant cotton. At present, SGK32 1 has passed the safety evaluation of agricultural genetically modified organisms, and has been approved for commercial production in Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui and other places, and released in Hubei. According to the results of regional trials in 2000 and 20001year, the early maturity of SGK32 1 is obviously better than other varieties, and the lint yield per mu before frost is 75.4 kg, which is equivalent to 93.4% of the control insect-resistant hybrid. The fiber quality of this variety is good, the length is 29.2 mm, the specific strength is 29.4 cm/tex, the micronaire value is 4.8, and the insect resistance is outstanding.
Up to now, China has approved four insect-resistant cotton varieties 14, including univalent cotton 1 1. They are: GK 1 (Guo Kang 1), GK 12 (Guo Kang 12), GK 19 (Guo Kang 19), GK22 (Guo Kang 22). GKz 10 (Lu Mianyan 15), GKz 13 (Lu RH- 1), GKz6 (No.38 of China Cotton Institute) and GKz8 (No.3 of Nankang); There are three bivalent cotton, namely: sGK32 1, sGK9708 (China Cotton Institute 4 1) and sGK5 (Xinyan 96-48). These insect-resistant cotton varieties have strong resistance to cotton bollworm, good quality traits and high yield. At the same time, a number of insect-resistant cotton varieties with strong competitiveness were cultivated, including two hybrid cotton varieties (Lu H95 13 and Zhongkangza No.5) and two conventional cotton varieties (ZGK9708 and Lu S6 145). In addition, six potential varieties and four hybrid cotton are participating in national regional trials. 200 1 domestic insect-resistant cotton has been popularized in Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Shandong, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Anhui, Xinjiang, Liaoning and other provinces and cities, accounting for 43.3% of the domestic market share of insect-resistant cotton. Together with Monsanto's insect-resistant cotton, in 200 1 year, the planting area of transgenic insect-resistant cotton reached 3 1% of the national cotton planting area, with more than 3.5 million farmers.
In terms of insect-resistant transgenic rice, transgenic rice with SCK gene (modified cowpea protease inhibitor gene) developed by Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences has been tested in Fujian for 5 years. It was identified that its field control effect on Chilo suppressalis was 90- 100%, its resistance to rice leaf roller was 8 1- 100%, its control effect on Chilo suppressalis was 62.6-63.9%, and its control effect on Chilo suppressalis was 83.9%. In view of the current policy reasons, it is not possible to popularize planting on a large scale, but field experiments have been carried out in many areas and many points. The food safety inspection of genetically modified rice has been basically completed, and the results show that there is no obvious difference between genetically modified rice and conventional rice. At present, new transgenic rice varieties with non-selective markers, high expression and multivalent insect-resistant genes are being further developed.
A new silent insecticidal gene cry 1Ie 1 was cloned from Bt strain by China Agricultural University. The toxic protein expressed by this gene shows high insecticidal activity against Asian corn borer, and its status as a model gene in taxonomy has been confirmed internationally. This gene and its combination with cry 1A gene have applied for national invention patent. On this basis, the codon transformation of cry 1Ie 1 and cry 1Ac genes and the construction of prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression vectors were further completed, and the insecticidal activity identification of the transformed genes is under way.