Combining with the traditional culture of China, it introduces the "longevity" culture of Shi Jia quadrangle in Yangliuqing, Tianjin, respectively illustrates the application of the word "longevity" and the embodiment of the "longevity" culture in sculpture and doors and windows, and expresses the thoughts and wishes of quadrangle owners in pursuit of longevity and health, which has certain guiding significance for contemporary architectural design.
Keywords: ancient architecture, traditional culture, sculpture, doors and windows
Health and longevity is the eternal theme of China's 5,000-year-old culture, and we are still in the "magnetic field" of traditional longevity culture. In the traditional society of China, people regard "Five Blessingg" to achieve "happiness, wealth, happiness and longevity" as the highest realm of life, with Five Blessingg as the first, which highlights the extraordinary position of "longevity" in the hearts of China people. The ancients in China expressed their pursuit of longevity in various ways. In the manifestations of various elements of China traditional culture, "longevity" has been integrated into it, such as China's ceramics, furniture, clothing, embroidery, paper-cutting, and even tourist cars and chairs. As an important carrier of the expression and inheritance of traditional culture in China, ancient buildings in China are often decorated, designed and even planned with the theme of "longevity", which has become a characteristic culture affecting ancient buildings in China. The appearance of "longevity" is closely related to the traditional culture of China, and there are many emphases on the connection between longevity and architecture.
The ruling class in ancient China was obsessed with the pursuit of immortality, and there were countless emperors who pursued immortality in history. Although we can't live in a high position and enjoy life like the royal family, there is no difference in people's desire for longevity. Whether it is the literati class or the people at the bottom of society, they all express their expectations and desire for longevity through the design, construction and decoration of houses.
Shi Jia Courtyard is a representative residential building in Yangliuqing, a thousand-year-old town. It is the residence of Shi Yuanshi, one of the eight famous people in Tianjin. The large-scale construction of Shi Jia quadrangles began in the early years of Guangxu (1875) and took more than ten years to complete. Only the main theater building and living room consumed 302,000 yuan of silver. Now it is a restored master model, covering an area of more than 8,300 square meters and a building area of about 3,000 square meters. * * There are 18 quadrangles, which are well preserved in North China. The whole building is a bluestone platform, with opposite bricks on the ground, and the roof and steep gable are decorated with brick carvings; The stone carving techniques of Zhu Chushi and Bao Gu Shi are exquisite; The wood carvings on doors and windows, partition fans, stigma, sparrow replacement and hanging flowers are exquisite, and the carving patterns are widely circulated among the people. Strolling through Shi Jia Courtyard is full of rich cultural atmosphere, which makes people think deeply. The ubiquitous and unique "longevity" culture embodies the master's good wishes for health and longevity.
The most direct embodiment of "longevity" culture is the use of the word "longevity". Before entering the hospital, we stopped at the gate of the hospital, and we could see the master's wide door with four gate nails on it, showing the identity of the hospital owner; The four characters "Fu, Lu, Shou," are engraved on the door hairpin, which expresses the beautiful yearning and desire of the hospital owner. The word "longevity" is also engraved on the door hairpin of the first flower hanging door in the compound, which embodies this wish. Shi Jia Siheyuan has the largest theater in the northern residential buildings, which is really rare in the national residential buildings. Most of the theaters are made of wood, and the top of the theater is cleverly designed. The outside of the theater is sealed with iron sheets, and then riveted with bronze rivets into a big longevity word, which means longevity. This design of the hospital owner not only reflects his own wishes for health and longevity, but also extends this auspicious blessing to all distinguished guests who come to the city theater to watch the opera, so that they can enjoy a long life. Another embodiment of "longevity" is sculpture. In ancient China, many immortals, animals and plants were crowned with symbols of longevity. For example: birthday girl, Magu, crane, Xiantao, pine tree, Ganoderma lucidum, tortoise and so on. This compound is characterized by its bricks, wood and stone carvings.
Brick carving:
1) Shan Jian Flower-Fushou Noodle, with longevity characters of bats and flowers on both sides, a seal character in the middle, three bats below, a lucky cloud in the middle, cotton peaches on both sides and a knot at the bottom. Take the homonym of bat and blessing, cotton and cotton, which means that happiness and longevity are endless.
2) Brick carving on the women's living room-Phoenix plays Xiantao, where the phoenix represents women and Xiantao symbolizes longevity, to bless women's health and longevity.
3) Five Blessingg presents a birthday present. There is a round longevity word carved in the middle of the square brick, with five bats of different shapes in the middle and around. Five Blessingg means longevity, wealth, corning, virtue and ultimate life, which means keeping the principle of keeping, and Five Blessingg is coming.
4) Phoenix is called Ganoderma lucidum, which means auspiciousness, health and longevity.
Wood carving:
1) Three kinds of wood above the first hanging flower gate are carved with phoenix phoenix tree, crane deer in the same spring and pine crane to prolong life.
2) There are nine woodcarving cranes in the lattice above the second hanging flower gate. It is said that these cranes have lived for thousands of years and were named Tuanhe Xianshou. Shoutao, pomegranate and bergamot are carved on both sides of the column, which means long life and many children.
3) There are continuous longevity characters on the wooden lattice above the gate house of the third Diaohuamen, and the coin pattern of the bat play at the bottom, which constitutes "longevity and happiness".
Stone carving:
1) The inner side of the two drum-hugging stones in the middle of the first hanging flower gate is the spring of the crane and the deer. Crane is regarded as a "longevity and good luck" bird, deer symbolizes happiness and longevity, bamboo forest symbolizes spring, which means happiness and longevity, and spring is everywhere.
2) Drain the gutter, and carve a bat with peach, pomegranate and long board in your mouth, indicating that there are three blessings in sight.
3) The back door of the compound is carved with a drum, with the design of a crane and a deer in the same spring. In Shi Jia's yard, there are many doors and windows, large and small. Of course, the owner will not miss this good opportunity to look forward to a long life.
On many doors and windows, there is no lack of "longevity":
1) "Shou" window edge;
2) The turtle back door leading from the internal accounting office to the East Campus;
3) crossing the mountain gate to "accept blessings" and "prolong life";
4) Yongkang Gate symbolizes health and longevity.
The word "longevity" has injected infinite passion into the Chinese nation's pursuit of prosperity and longevity. China people's pursuit of longevity is everywhere. "Longevity" is a beautiful wish, a yearning for life, an eternal hymn and a poem of wisdom.
References:
Huang Zhigang, Yao Chen. On the traditional architectural culture of China [J]. Shanxi Architecture, 20 10/0,36 (1): 66-67.
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