1. The subjects and papers are different. Based on argumentation, the thesis can have a very wide range of contents, often a summary of successful attempts or theoretical sublimation. The topic is often a project, and the problems to be solved are all to be solved. In advance, the topic often does not know whether there are expected results.
2. The topics and papers are completed in different ways. Papers are often completed by one person or two or three people, such as an experiment, and a few people can complete the results and publish them. Projects often need a research team to complete, and there are 5-6 participants, each of whom is responsible for part of the work and needs a whole to cooperate.
The project needs to be applied first, and the project can only be started after it is approved. Papers don't need approval, and they can start with good ideas, which is very flexible.
3. The topic is different from the result of the paper. The way to complete the project can be paper statement, monograph, patent or report. Papers are a form of academic achievements, which are often sent directly to periodicals and magazines, and the publication of magazines is the result of completion.
The so-called subject is a problem that has not been understood or solved by predecessors or contemporaries. It has a relatively simple and independent feature.
For example, the comparison of the effects of two different teaching methods on improving students' learning ability, the experiment of overcoming middle school students' learning anxiety, the investigation of vocational psychology of vocational high school students, the cultivation of children's self-care ability in large classes, and the research on the relationship between teachers' quality and on-the-job training.
The so-called project refers to the classification of things, or a more complex and comprehensive scientific research problem composed of several interrelated topics.
For example, "experimental research on comprehensive reform of school education" should be called scientific research project, not subject. It can include the following topics: the goal of comprehensive reform experiment, evaluation research, the connection research between children and primary schools, curriculum and teaching materials, and the communication and connection research between schools and family social education.
Extended data:
General projects are based on projects. Many times, a project will have more than n projects. Of course, the project name can also be the same as the project name. Just like the first-level classification name in the classification system can be the same as the second-level classification name.
As for the elements of the subject, there will be some differences according to the nature of the subject. Mainly related participants, participating units, research results, results number, etc. This can refer to some related fields of scientific research achievements or related fields of project application.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Project
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-theme