I like reading leisure books, even serious books, I might as well read them as leisure books. For example, The Analects of Confucius was read by Lin Yutang as a gossip of Confucius, and he read a lot of humor. This way of reading is very much to my taste. I also read this sage's words recently, and found that Confucius is a very free and easy person.
In my impression, Confucian culture attaches great importance to work and ethics, and it is a very WTO-entering culture. But Confucius, as the ancestor of Confucianism, is actually quite indifferent to utility and flexible to ethics. These two aspects can be expressed in two sentences, that is, "the gentleman is incompetent" and "the gentleman is ruthless".
Confucius is a scholar. Ordinary readers study hard at the cold window, with a goal in mind, that is, to become an expert in a certain field one day, so as to mix a stable career in society. It is taboo to say that a person is worthless, that is to say, he is worthless. Confucius said frankly that real people are not worthy. It is true that some people laugh at him for his erudition and lack of professional knowledge. He laughed at himself and said, then I'll drive a carriage.
In fact, Confucius has his own views on reading. He advocates that reading should be based on interest, and disapproves of the purely academic attitude of seeking knowledge for the sake of seeking knowledge ("the knower is not as good as the good, and the good is not as good as the happy"). He also advocates that reading is to improve himself, and despises those vulgar literati who seek fame and fame ("ancient scholars are themselves, and today's scholars are human beings"). He has repeatedly stressed that it is very important for a person to have real talent and practical learning, regardless of external fame and experience. Similar to the sentence "Don't worry about your knowledge, but seek for the knowable", The Analects of Confucius has been repeated at least four times.
The phrase "a gentleman is not a tool" not only expresses Confucius' view of scholarship, but also his outlook on life. Once, Confucius chatted with his four students and asked them to talk about their ambitions. Three of them said they wanted to be military strategists, economists and diplomats. Only Ceng Dian said that his ideal is to set out in late spring and March, travel light, make some friends, swim in the river, enjoy the cool in the forest and come back singing all the way. Hearing this, Confucius sighed, "My thoughts are the same as Ceng Dian's." The Sigh of the Saints vividly expressed his unpolluted spirit, which greatly touched one of the most important literary critics after two thousand years, and was renamed the Sigh of the Saints to commemorate it. Life is alive, why not be a tool and a home? As long as you live leisurely, isn't it better than anything?
Generally speaking, the academic circles believe that "benevolence" is the core of Confucius' thought. As for what "benevolence" is, there are different opinions, but they can't tell the scope of ethics. It is true that Confucius attaches importance to human relations, but he is a wise man after all. As long as a person is smart enough, he will never see through the relativity of all ethical norms. Therefore, the phrase "a gentleman has a husband without benevolence" comes from Confucius, and it is not surprising that he does not regard "benevolence" as a necessary condition for an ideal personality. Some people attribute "benevolence" to "loyalty" and "forgiveness" In fact, Confucius never advocated stupidity and forgiveness. He always distinguishes between "the country has a way" and "the country has no way". When "the country has no way", you can escape if you can ("cross the ocean"), and if you can't escape, you should talk less ("talk to your grandson"). It is even better to be stupid (the idiom "stupid" comes from The Analects of Confucius, the original intention is not to describe stupidity, but to praise someone for pretending to be smart, which is equivalent to what Zheng Banqiao said. He doesn't like Christ. When your left face is hit, he wants you to send your right face up. Someone asked him if he wanted to "repay evil with good". He asked: What should be used to repay good? Then he said, it should be good for evil, good for evil.
Confucius is really a very reasonable person. He has common sense, knows the limits and is not paranoid at all. "Faith" is one of the connotations of "benevolence" stipulated by him personally. However, he clearly said that "words must be kept, and actions must bear fruit", which is the behavior of rigid villains ("Tao is a villain"). The key is the word "must", and there is no room for flexibility, which angered the old gentleman. He also opposes being too cautious. We often say "think twice before you act". This sentence comes from the Analects of Confucius, and Confucius doesn't agree with it. He said to think again.
Maybe Confucius is not free and easy, I only raise one side. After all, it is pleasant to have this side, which makes me feel at ease to admit that Confucius is a qualified philosopher, because philosophers are all wise people. How can wise people not be free and easy at all?
199 1 August
Lu Xun in my heart
Gaoyi (9) Jiang
This is the external image of Lu Xun in my heart. "Angry hair rushes to the crown and leans against the railing, rain breaks and looks up, and the sky is whistling and fierce."
Lu Xun is a writer above all. Here I will talk about my feelings about his prose and novels.
Lu Xun's essays are famous for their sharpness. There is a saying: "Some people shoot people, and some people kill people with pens." I don't know if it was originally used to describe Lu Wen, but Lu Wen is really effective, and he always uses irony and irony to the reactionary Kuomintang government and imperialism. Someone said: "This method of swearing without dirty words is really a must."
Most of Lu Xun's novels describe the images of all beings in small towns in the south of the Yangtze River in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. However, the characters he describes have distinct personalities and cannot be worn away. Up to now, people are still saying: You really have a little spirit of Ah Q!
I have read some articles by Lu Xun, the most representative of which was analyzed in Chinese class, so I was really influenced by Lu Xun. More than one person told me, why are you full of Lu Xun's accent and magnetized by his strong magnetic field?
However, I don't really appreciate Lu Xun. Indeed, his love and hate are clear, but I always feel that his "dagger" is too bright and hot, and it is uncomfortable without stabbing twice, and his temper is too extreme. At one time, Chen Xiying and I fought a pen battle for several months, and Xu Zhimo and Hu Shi reconciled before they stopped fighting. However, I found that it was a misunderstanding that the luggage of two girls in the university was thrown at the school gate and happened to be caught by Zhou, so I was attacked. Chen Yuan, a fellow countryman and studying in Britain, did not know each other. He only said two words of reconciliation about this matter, but Zhou thought that Chen had something to do with the principal, so he scolded Chen together. (See Eight Visits to Ling Shuhua by British Journalists.). As Mrs. Chen, Ling can be sure of her words, but Zhou is really extreme. It is said that Lu Xun and Guo Moruo were at odds and wrote articles satirizing him. And many modern critics say that Lu Xun has a big temper.
It is good that Lu Xun is very concerned about the progressive youth and gives the greatest help. However, we should not be too supportive of the students' strike around 2005. As a student in Tsinghua, Liang Shiqiu recorded in Eight Years in Tsinghua that the student movement in Tsinghua was originally motivated by patriotic enthusiasm. Later, due to excessive repression in previous lives, Zeng San chased the principal out of revenge, and one of them was scared away before he took office. After that, classes will be suspended in May and June. As long as someone puts forward, the student union will always agree. Once in a parade, a car in front blocked the road and kept honking its horn, so angry students-to be exact, highly excited students even took pictures of people and cars. I also wrote afterwards that the bus driver is really innocent, but nine times out of ten, the bus driver is not a good thing. As a member of Tsinghua, I don't want to belittle myself too much. It can be seen that Lu Xun beautified a lot of things.
Secondly, Lu Xun is a thinker and revolutionary. Indeed, in the troubled times at that time, many scholars and writers were confused and pushed forward, but it was not easy for Lu Xun to see all this. It is even more difficult for Lu Xun to lift the pen of fate, awaken the people's souls, attack the reactionary government and support the China revolution. A thinker and revolutionary deserves it.
But I always think that Lu Xun is famous partly because he is a real left-wing writer. In other words, he chose the right party. After the Cultural Revolution, only some left-wing writers and some particularly famous literati followed the "golden mean" in the literary world during the May 4th Movement. The retro school was driven off the stage with Confucius, and even a group of "crescent moon" literati such as Xu Zhimo, Yu Dafu, Liang Shiqiu and Hu Shi were not known by many people, not to mention some masters of Yuanyang Butterfly School such as Bao, Zhang Henshui, Zhou Shoujuan and Yan. Of course, I am not saying that Lu Xun is disgraceful here-in fact, he is not shameful. I just want to say that since we insist on materialism, we should treat people and things in two ways, as well as literature and literati.
Generally speaking, Lu Xun is a great man, but the great glory of the sun can't cover up the black hole. Lu Xun's temper is just a flaw in beautiful jade.
Indigo is extracted from indigo plants, but it is bluer than the plants from which it comes.
"Green is taken from blue, and green is blue." Starting from Xun Zi's "Encouraging Learning", Xun Zi uses indigo as a metaphor for a rising star who has made academic achievements, and blue grass as a metaphor for his mentor and predecessors. I understand the true meaning of this sentence is to encourage young people to surpass their predecessors in their careers.
Humans have developed from the ignorance of eating animals and drinking blood to the civilized period of conquering space today. Every country has its own hero in every century. Most of them succeeded in their careers when they were young. They are young, childlike and inexperienced, but with the spirit that newborn calves are not afraid of tigers, they have surpassed the sages and staged a series of magnificent dramas on the stage of history, which will last forever. And their students, like them, have surpassed them and promoted the progress of mankind. In this way, the back waves push the front waves, and the long river of history rolls forward.
Einstein, the inventor of general relativity, studied all the works of Newton, a famous physicist, and absorbed the essence of classical mechanics as early as his student days. He has great respect for Newton, but he never trusts his predecessors. He dared to doubt and explore, and finally pointed out the mistakes of Newtonian mechanics. Yes, as some historians have said, "Einstein grew up drinking Newton's milk." He was unexpected; He dared to challenge Newton, and for the sake of human progress, he defeated Newton's idol. He is better than Ian.
Leonardo da Vinci was a famous Italian painter and scientist during the Renaissance. He studied under the famous painter Rocchio in his early years. Under the guidance of the teacher, he began to draw eggs and climbed the peak of painting art steadily. He learns from the teacher with an open mind, but he also pays attention to abandoning the teacher's wrong painting skills and methods. In less than four years, he surpassed the world-famous master Buddha Rocchio. Once, Buddha Rocchio was invited to paint murals for a church. After he finished painting Christ and two angels, he asked Da Vinci to draw a third angel. Leonardo da vinci leisurely picked up the brush, and it took only half a day for an elegant and lifelike angel to float down from the church. Buddha Rocchio was surprised and sighed. Since then, the noble master of painting has never picked up a brush and turned to sculpture. It can be seen that young people can completely surpass their predecessors. Countless great men's lives have proved this.
If you have ambition, study hard, learn from teachers with an open mind, and arm yourself with all the spiritual wealth of mankind. The reason why green is bluer than blue is because it is taken from blue; The reason why Qing won the victory and won the reputation of "shine on you is better than Blue" is inseparable from the cultivation and feeding of Qing.
Huang Bin, a 25-year-old female doctor from China, has attracted the attention of Professor Cindy Lan, a famous British scientist and a friendly friend of China people, because of her persistent career during her study in Britain. Professor Cindy Lan is over sixty years old and in poor health. However, he has an eye for talents, cherishes Huang Bin, a new seedling, and offered to personally guide Huang Bin so that she can get her doctorate as soon as possible. With the help of the teacher, Huang Bin buried himself in the pile of books, worked hard day and night, and made rapid progress in his studies. Professor Cindy gave all his knowledge to Huang Bin without reservation. For the sake of Huang Bin's early academic achievements, he stopped writing and gave up the opportunity to take a vacation and give lectures abroad. With the joint efforts of teachers and students, it took Huang Bin only one year to write a paper with international advanced level and obtain a doctorate. However, her research results run counter to the tutor's theory, and her achievements overthrew the Cindy-Lan structure that ruled the biological field for 15 years. Professor Cindy was glad that Huang Bin had surpassed herself, spread her theory everywhere, broke the national prejudice and obstacles, and helped Huang Bin return to China safely. After Huang Bin returned to China, at the welcome meeting held in her honor by the Academy of Sciences, the first sentence was: "I owe everything I have achieved to my beloved teacher."
I praise indigo, which is greener than blue grass. I praise blue grass for passing everything on to indigo.
I believe that in the land of our great motherland, thousands of enterprising young people like Huang Bin and noble and selfless predecessors like Professor Qian Qian Cindy Lan will emerge. Through the joint efforts of the old and new generations, the great cause of the "four modernizations" of the motherland will surely become the most brilliant chapter in the history of our nation.
I hope it helps you!