In the view of heaven, Confucius did not deny the existence of ghosts and gods, but he was skeptical about ghosts and gods and advocated "staying away from ghosts and gods". Confucius and Mencius are also called "Confucius and Mencius", and their thoughts are also called the Tao of Confucius and Mencius. Confucius was honored as the "most holy" and "king of vegetarianism", Ceng Zi was a saint and Mencius was a "second saint". His words and deeds were written by his students as The Analects of Confucius, a masterpiece of creation. He is also the most famous cultural celebrity in the world. Is the founder of the Confucian school.
However, another handsome theory, Yang, an anti-Confucius elite, thinks that Confucius is useless. However, another theory, Mr. Yang, thinks that Yang is useless and his behavior is purely grandstanding.
Confucius is proficient in Zhouyi and is said to be the author of Ten Wings. Confucius was the first person who broke through the religious attitude towards natural landscape in ancient China. I love nature more, including disasters, earthquakes, tornadoes and dinosaur extinction. The natural landscape is always good feng shui. He put forward the famous aesthetic proposition "The knower enjoys water and the benevolent enjoys Leshan" (The Analects of Confucius Yong Ye).
history
political career
Confucius was extremely clever and studious when he was young. At the age of twenty, he was already very learned and was praised as a "learned man" by people at that time. At the same time, little known is that Confucius inherited the bravery of his father Shu, who was nine feet six inches tall, and now he has surpassed 1.9 meters, specifically 196.8cm, with extraordinary arm strength, far from the image of a weak scholar that some people in later generations thought. Besides, Confucius was an extraordinary drinker, and it was said that he had never been drunk. But Confucius never prided himself on being brave and addicted to alcohol. Confucius in film and television works wanted to do something since he was in his twenties, so he was very concerned about world affairs, often thinking about many issues of governing the country and often expressing some opinions. By the time he was 30, he was already famous. In the twenty years of Lu, he visited Lu and summoned Confucius to discuss the question of being king with him, and Confucius got to know him. In the twenty-fifth year of Lu, civil strife occurred in Lu, and Lu was forced to flee to Qi. Confucius also left Lu for Qi, where he was appreciated and entertained by Qi Jinggong. He even prepared to seal the fields around Nishi to Confucius, but was stopped by the doctor Yan Ying. In the twenty-seventh year of Lu, at that time, the doctor of Qi wanted to harm Confucius. When Confucius heard this, he turned to Qi Jinggong for help. Qi Jinggong said, "I am old and can still use it." Confucius had to flee to Lu. At that time, the state of Lu was actually in the hands of the doctor's retainer, which was called "ruling the country with the minister." Therefore, although Confucius had two opportunities to enter politics, he gave them up until he was appointed as the capital master in 9 years. At this time, Confucius was 5 1 year old. Confucius ruled Zhongdu (now Wenshang County) for one year, and achieved outstanding results. He was promoted to a small sikong, and soon he was promoted to a big Sikou, taking photos and taking care of Lu. 12 years, in order to weaken the leaders of Sanhuan (,Shu, III, because they are descendants of the third son, they are called Sanhuan. At that time, the state power of Lu was actually in their hands, and some retainers of the Third Ring Road also controlled the Third Ring Road to varying degrees. Confucius adopted the measures of "benefiting, benefiting and strengthening the three capitals". Later, the actions of Sandu were abandoned halfway, and the contradiction between Confucius and Sanhuan was exposed. /kloc-in 0/3, Lu Dinggong of Qi sent 80 beautiful women to Lu to accept female music. The monarch and his subjects were addicted to singing and dancing and ignored state affairs for many days. Confucius was very disappointed. Soon after, Lu held a suburban sacrifice, and when he gave the meat to the doctor after the sacrifice, he didn't give it to Confucius as usual, indicating that Ji didn't want to hire him again. Confucius left Shandong and began to travel around the world when he had to find a way out.
Confucius first took his disciples to Weiguo, and Wei Linggong began to respect Confucius very much. According to Lu's salary standard, he was given a salary of 60 thousand, but he was not given an official position and was not allowed to participate in politics. Confucius lived in Weiguo for about 10 months. Because someone slandered Wei Linggong, Wei Linggong became suspicious of Confucius, and sent someone to publicly monitor Confucius' actions. So Confucius left Weiguo with his disciples and planned to go to Chen. When passing through Kuangcheng, I was besieged for five days because of misunderstanding. I fled Kuangcheng, came to Dipu, met my uncle, a patriotic aristocrat who launched a rebellion, and was besieged again. After escaping, Confucius returned to China to defend his country. Wei Linggong was very happy to hear that Confucius and his disciples had returned from Dipu, and went to meet him in person. Since then, Confucius has gone abroad several times and returned to China several times. On the one hand, Wei Linggong had both good and bad feelings towards Confucius; On the other hand, after Confucius went abroad, he had nowhere to go and had to return.
In the second year (when Confucius was fifty-nine), Confucius left the country, passed through Cao, Song and Zheng, and arrived in the state of Chen. So he sent laborers to surround Confucius and his disciples in the middle of the road, without villages in front and shops in the back. Zigong ate up all the food they brought, and finally found the Chu people. The Chu people sent troops to meet Confucius, and Confucius and his disciples were saved from death. Confucius returned to Weiguo at the age of 64. With the efforts of his disciple Ran Qiu, he was welcomed back to Lu at the age of 68, but he was still respectful. Lu Aigong 16, Confucius was 73 years old and died of illness.
Forget to eat hard and take pleasure in forgetting your worries.
When Confucius was 62 years old, he once described himself like this: "He is also a human being. He forgets to eat when he is angry, and forgets his worries when he is happy. He doesn't know that his old age is coming." At that time, Confucius had led his disciples around the world for nine years and had gone through all the hardships. Not only did he not get the appointment of the governor, but he almost died. But Confucius didn't give up because of difficulties. He was still optimistic, stuck to his ideals and even knew he couldn't do it.
Be content with poverty
Confucius said, "Being unjust and rich is like a cloud to me." In Confucius' mind, upholding justice is the highest value of life. When there is a contradiction between rich and poor and morality, he would rather be poor than give up morality. But we can't regard his peace and happiness as not seeking wealth, but seeking to maintain Tao, which is not in line with historical facts. Confucius once said: "Rich and expensive, people want what they want; If you don't take this road, you will accomplish nothing. Poverty and meanness are disgusting to people; If you don't take the main road, you won't go. " "Money is available, although there are many whips, I can do it. If you can't get it, just do as I say. "
Never tire of learning and never tire of teaching.
Confucius was famous for his eagerness to learn and showed great interest in all kinds of knowledge, so he was versatile and knowledgeable. He was very famous at that time, and was almost regarded as an omniscient saint, but Confucius himself didn't think so. Confucius said, "How dare I be a saint and a benevolent person?" Never tire of it, never tire of teaching. "Confucius learned that there was no regular teacher. Whoever has knowledge and who doesn't understand will worship him as a teacher. Therefore, he said, "In a threesome, there must be a teacher. Follow the chosen ones, and change the bad ones. "
Follow the path of integrity-conduct integrity.
Confucius was upright in nature and advocated going straight. He once said, "I treat others, who will ruin my reputation?" If you are famous, you have to try. Simin also, the reason why the three generations went straight. "Historical Records records that Confucius asked Lao Tzu to be polite when he was in his thirties. When he left, Laozi gave a message: "Smart and thorough, close to death, considerate. Those who argue the broad masses are in danger, and those who are evil are also. A son should not have his own, and a minister should not have his own. "This is Lao Tzu's kind reminder to Confucius, and it also points out some shortcomings of Confucius, that is, he looks at the problem too deeply and speaks too sharply, hurting some people with positions and bringing great danger to himself. Confucius established a moral theory with benevolence as the core with the idea of being kind to others. He is also a very kind person, compassionate, helpful and sincere. " Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you. ""The beauty of a gentleman is not the evil of adults, but that of young people. "Bowing to others" and so on. , is his life rule.
political thought
Confucius belongs to China and Confucianism belongs to the world. Confucius is the founder of China's Confucianism. Since the Han Dynasty, Confucianism has been regarded as an orthodox precept by rulers of past dynasties, and even as the standard of Ren Xian's energy use, and its influence has lasted for thousands of years.
Zi Lin said: "The deceased is like a husband, not giving up day and night."
Confucius' family background
According to Historical Records-Confucius Family, Confucius' ancestors were descendants of Shang Dynasty. After the demise of the Shang Dynasty in the Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Chengwang sealed Kong Decheng in the Song Dynasty, the 77th descendant of Confucius and the ordinary brother of Shang Zhouwang, loyal to the Shang Dynasty. Its capital is Shangqiu (now Shangqiu, Henan). After Wei died, his younger brother Wei Zhong succeeded to the throne. Wei Zhong was the ancestor of Confucius. The sixth ancestor of Confucius was Kong Fujia, a doctor in the Song Dynasty. He was a fu who was killed in the civil strife in the imperial court. After Confucius, his descendants began to take Confucius as their surname. His great-grandfather, Kong's uncle, fled from Song to Lu to escape the civil strife in Song. From then on, Kong settled in Qiaoyi and became a native of Lu.
Confucius' father is Ge (a word, Ge is a name, and his mother is Yan Zhizai). Shu was a famous warrior of Lu at that time. His personality is outstanding, and he has made two military exploits. He is famous for holding the hanging door with one arm to let the troops who rushed into the city retreat. He used to be a doctor at Qiaoyi. Shu married Shi first, gave birth to nine daughters and no children. He married another concubine and gave birth to a son named Bernie, also named Meng Pi. Meng Pi had a problem with his feet, which was not suitable for inheritance according to the etiquette at that time, so he gave birth to Confucius with a young woman, Yan Zhizai. Confucius was born in Changping Township (now southeast of Qufu City, Shandong Province) in 55 1 year BC (the 22nd year of Duke Xiang of Lu). Because my parents prayed for the birth of a child on Niqiu Mountain, they named it Qiuzi. Confucius died when he was three years old, and his mother and son were not accepted by Shi (Shu's wife). Yan Zhizhai, the mother of Confucius, had to move to Qufu Que with Confucius and Meng Pi, and her life was difficult. 17 years old, Confucius' mother Yan zhizai died, and he served three years of mourning.
When Confucius 19 years old, he married an official in the Song Dynasty. A year later, the official gave birth to a son. Zhao Gong sent someone to congratulate him. Confucius felt very honored, so he named his son carp, Apollo. In the tenth year of Lu Aigong (485 BC), Mrs. Confucius died.
Chronology of life
1 year: 55 BC1year (twenty-two years of Duke Xiang of Lu). Confucius was born in Changping Township (now southeast of Qufu City, Shandong Province) on September 28th. There are two kinds of records about Confucius' date of birth, with a difference of one year. Today, from the historical records of Confucius family.
2 years old: In 550 BC (the 23rd year of Duke Xiang of Lu), Confucius was in Lu.
3 years old: In 549 BC (the 24th year of Duke Xiang of Lu), my father Liang Shu died and was buried in Fangshan (now 25 miles east of Qufu). Confucius' mother, Yan Zhi, moved to Qufu Queli with her son and had a hard time.
4 years old: In 548 BC (the 25th year of Duke Xiang of Lu), Confucius was in Lu.
5 years old: Qin Shangsheng, a disciple of Confucius in 547 BC (the 26th year of Duke Xiang of Lu), was born in Lu.
6-year-old: Ceng Dian, a disciple in 546 BC (the 27th year of Duke Xiang of Lu), was born in Braille and was the father of Zeng Shen.
7 years old: In 545 BC (the 28th year of Duke Xiang of Lu), his disciple Yao Yan was born, also known as Wu Yao, the father of Yan Yuan.
8 years old: In 544 BC (the 29th year of Duke Xiang of Lu), his disciple Ran Gengsheng was born in Lu.
9 years old: In 543 BC (the 30th year of Duke Xiang of Lu), Confucius was in Lu. This year, Zheng came to power, "so that everyone has a chapter, a suit from top to bottom, a seal in the field, and a well in the well." (Thirty Years of Zuo Zhuan's "xianggong") Zheng Guozhi. Later, Confucius spoke highly of Zi Chan's achievements.
10 years old: in 542 BC (thirty-one year of Duke Xiang of Lu), disciple Zhong You was born in Lu and Bian. When Duke Xiang of Lu died, his son Zhou succeeded to the throne for good reasons.
1 1 year: 54 BC1year (the first year of Lu) Confucius was in Lu.
12 years old: Qi Tiaokai, born in Cai in 540 BC (the second year of Lu).
13 years old: in 539 BC (three years in Lu), Confucius was in Lu.
15 years old: In 537 BC (the fifth year of Lu), Confucius became more and more famous. He realized that he had to study hard the skills of being a man and living, so he said, "I am determined to learn five from ten." ("The Analects? For politics ")
16 years old, Zheng Zhu was sentenced to death in 536 BC (six years of Lu). Disciple Min Shousheng was born in Lu.
17 years old: Yan Zhizhai, Confucius, died in 535 BC (the seventh year of Lu). This year. Ji's family gave a banquet to entertain the first-class aristocrats. Confucius went to the banquet, but yang hu, the home minister of Ji's family, turned him away.
19 years old: In 533 BC (the ninth year of Lu), Confucius married the daughter of an official in the Song Dynasty.
20 years old: In 532 BC (the tenth year of Lu), an official gave birth to a child. It is said that this time is just the time to give the carp to Confucius, so he named his son carp, the word Bo fish. It was in that year that Confucius began to be a Commissioner and manage the warehouse.
2 1 year: 53 1 year BC (the 11th year of Lu) is the year when Confucius changed his cultivation to Mu Zhi. Confucius said, "I am cheap because I am few, so I can despise."
At the age of 27, in 525 BC (the seventeenth year of Emperor Lu Zhaodi), the jar faced Lu, and Confucius asked the jar about the ancient official system of the jar. Confucius set up private schools around.
30 years old: In 522 BC (the twentieth year of Lu), it was more than 15 years since he was fifteen years old. Confucius gained a firm foothold in society through hard work, so the cloud "stands at thirty." The Analects of Confucius was written by Yan Ying when he visited Shandong in 1920. Qi Jinggong met with Confucius and discussed with him why Qin Mugong was dominant. Disciples Yan Hui, ran yong, Ran Qiu, Shang Qu, Liang? Healthy. Yuan, Yong Zi Zhong Gong, You and Qu are all Lu people; ? The word uncle fish, qi people.
3 1 year: Disciple, Gao Chai, was born in 52 BC1year (the 21st year of Lu). Zi Zi Shi Zi, Chen Guoren; Chai is tall and Qi is a local. Uneven words are cheap, Lu people.
32-year-old: Duanmu Ci, a disciple in 520 BC (twenty-two years), was born in Zigong, a native of the old country.
34 years old: Meng and Nangong studied under Confucius in 5 18 BC (twenty-four years of Lu). According to legend, Confucius and Uncle Jingnan of Nangong paid tribute to the old employees and asked them to have fun with Changhong.
35 years old: In 5 17 BC (twenty-five years in Lu), civil strife occurred in Lu. "Historical Records of Confucius' Family" says: Zhao Gong was defeated and fled. "Confucius also went to Qi in this year.
In 5 16 BC (twenty-six years of Lu), at the age of 36, he asked Confucius about politics, and Confucius said, "Jun Jun, minister, father and son". Confucius was appreciated by Qi Jinggong, and Gong Jing wanted to seal Confucius with the land of Nishi, but Yan Zi stopped him. Confucius was so fascinated by Shao in Qi State that he didn't know the meat flavor in March.
37-year-old: In 5 15 BC (the 27th year of Lu), the doctor of Qi tried to harm Confucius, and Confucius returned to Lu from Qi. The son of Wu Gongzi was hired, and his son died and was buried between Ying and Bo. Confucius went to see his funeral. Disciples Xu Fan and Yuan Xian were born. Words must be late, Lu Guoren; Xian Zisi was born in Song Dynasty.
38-year-old: In 5 14 BC (twenty-eight years of Lu), Xian Zi (Shu Ming) of Jin and Wei reigned, and promoted talents regardless of personal relationship. Confucius thought it was a righteous act, and the cloud said, "It is righteous to raise your loved ones far away."
At the age of 39, 5 13 BC (twenty-nine years of Lu) was the winter when the tripod was executed. Confucius said, "Zhu Jin died and he lost his mind."
40 years old: 5 12 BC (thirty years in Shandong). After decades of tempering, I have a clear understanding of various problems in life, so I say that I am "forty without confusion". Disciple Tan Taiming was born. Yu, Lu people.
4 1 year: Disciple Chen Yu was born in 5 1 1 year BC (thirty-first year of Lu). Kang Ziqin, Chen Guoren.
Forty-two years old: 5 10 BC (thirty-two years of Lu), died and became a public official.
43 years old: Disciple Gong was born in 509 BC (the first year of Lu). Thanks to China, Lu people.
45 years old: Disciple was born in 507 BC (the third year of Lu). Shang, a patriotic man.
46 years old: Disciple was born in 506 BC (four years in Lu). There are swallows, Wu people.
In 505 BC (the fifth year of Lu), he was 47 years old: disciples Zeng Shen and Yan. Son of god, Lu people. Fortunately, it is Lu.
48 years old: In 504 BC (the sixth year of Lu), Yang Hucheng, an official surnamed Ji, became stronger and stronger. Confucius called it "accompanying ministers in national life." ("The Analects? Ji's Historical Records)? Confucius' House says: "Accompany the minister to govern the country. ..... So Confucius retired to his official position and studied poetry, books, rituals and music. He has many disciples, who have come from afar and are not employed. "Yanghu wants to see Confucius, and Confucius doesn't want to see Yanghu and the latter two meet on the road. Yang hu advised Confucius to be an official, but Confucius did not make a clear statement. It should have been done for five years or six years.
49 years old: In 503 BC (the seventh year of Lu), he was a disciple. Teacher Zhang Zi, Chen Guoren.
50-year-old: In 502 BC (the eighth year of Lu Dynasty), he claimed to know his destiny at fifty. ("The Analects? Yang Huo ")" The mountain is disturbed by fees, and the son wants to go. Lutz didn't say. "
5 1 year: 50 1 year BC (the ninth year of Lu). Confucius served as the governor of Zhongdu and ruled Zhongdu (now Wenshang County) for one year with outstanding achievements. Disciples Ran Lu,,, and Uncle Zhong Huisheng. Lu Ziluzi, Lu Guoren: Ge Xunzi, Cai Guoren: Qian Zizi Analysis, Lu Guoren; High words are arrogant, and Lu people: they must be literate. Lu people.
52-year-old: In 500 BC (the tenth year of Lu), Confucius was promoted to, and later went to the mouth of the Great Temple to take pictures. In summer, Ding Gong and Qi Hou meet in Oracle bones. Confucius was very alert and prepared to invite Lu Jun to Jiagu in advance, so he not only foiled the plot of hijacking by Qi, but also forced Qi to promise to return the land of Lu 'an, Shaanxi and Shaanxi that invaded Lu.
53 years old: In 499 BC (11th year of Lu), Confucius was Lu Sikou and Lu Zhiguo.
54-year-old: In 498 BC (the twelfth year of Lu), Confucius was sealed as a boy's mouth. In order to weaken the Third Ring Road, measures were taken to capture the three capitals. The purpose of my uncle and supporting Confucius was to weaken the influence of my family, but this action was resisted by my family, and I secretly supported my family. The action of falling into Sandu fell by the wayside. Disciple Gongsun Longsheng. When the dragon word was written, it came from Chu.
55 years old: In the spring of 497 BC (13th year of Lu), Qi sent 80 beautiful women to Lu. Ji accepted female music, and the monarch and his subjects were addicted to singing and dancing, and ignored state affairs for many days. Confucius was at odds with Ji's family. Confucius left Shandong to defend the country. In October, Confucius was injured by slanders and left Weiguo for Chen. Passing through Kuang, surrounded. Later, when Confucius and his disciples were besieged, his uncle rebelled against Wei. Then I went back to Dewey.
In 496 BC (the fourteenth year of Lu), Confucius was 56 years old and was summoned by his wife Nanzi. Lutz criticized Confucius for reading Nanzi. After hearing this news, Confucius was very sad and praised Zi Chan as "the legacy of ancient times".
57 years old: In 495 BC (the fifteenth year of Lu), Confucius went to Julu. In the summer of May, Lu died and was made public.
58-year-old: In 494 BC (A.D.), Confucius lived in Lu, and the envoy of the State of Wu hired Lu to ask Confucius about the "special car for festivals".
59 years old: In 493 BC (two years), Confucius went from Shandong to Wei. Asked Chen (array) about Confucius, he was politely refused. Confucius couldn't live in Weixi in Weiguo. Go to Guo Song via Cao Guo. Song Sima Huanxun hated Confucius and threatened to kill him. Confucius walked incognito.
60 years old: In 492 BC (the third year of Lu Aigong), Confucius claimed to be "sixty and obedient". Confucius crossed the State of Zheng and went to the State of Chen. He was separated from his disciples in the capital of Zheng and waited for his disciples to come to him alone at the East Gate. He was ridiculed as "a very rich dog." Confucius smiled happily and said, "Yes, yes!"
6 1 year: Confucius left Chen Toucai in 49 1 year BC (four years).
62 years old: In 490 BC (five years), Confucius went from Cai to Ye. Ye Gong asked Confucius about politics and discussed the moral issues of integrity with Confucius. On his way back to Cai, Confucius met a hermit
63-year-old: In 489 BC (six years), Confucius and his disciples were trapped between Chen and Cai. Many disciples fell ill because of hunger and were rescued by the Chu people. I met a hermit on my way back to Wei from Chu.
64 years old: In 488 BC (seven years), Confucius was in Wei. Advocating to clear one's name before defending the country.
65 years old: In 487 BC (eight years), Confucius was in Wei. That was the year when Wu Wolu was defeated. Confucius' disciples contributed to the war.
66 years old: In 486 BC (nine years), Confucius was in Wei.
67 years old: In 485 BC (ten years), Confucius was in Wei. Mrs. Confucius died as an official.
68-year-old: In 484 BC (eleven years), Qi defeated Lu, and Confucius disciple Ran Youshuai defeated Qi. Ji Kangzi asked Ran where his command talent came from. You Ran replied, "Learning is to Confucius". Ji Kangzi sent someone to bring money to welcome Confucius back to Shandong. Confucius traveled around the world 14 years, which is the end. Ji Kangzi wanted to be a "land tax", but Confucius opposed it. Confucius said to You Ran, "A gentleman's trip is also a ceremony. Take what is thick, what is thick, and what is thin. If so, the hill will be enough. "
69 years old: In 483 BC (the twelfth year of Lu Aigong), Confucius was still interested in politics, but he was not used. Confucius continued to engage in education and literature work. Kong Li, the son of Confucius, died.
70 years old: In 482 BC (13th year of Lu Aigong), Confucius said, "At the age of 70, you can do whatever you want without overstepping the bounds." . Yan Hui died, and Confucius was very sad.
7 1 year: 48 1 year BC (14th year of Lu Aigong) was the spring of 2008, and hunting was rewarded. Confucius thought this was not a good sign and said, "I am poor." So I stopped writing Spring and Autumn Annals. In June, Qi killed Qi Huangong, and Confucius met with the Third Ring Road and asked Lu to send troops to attack, but he was not supported.
72-year-old: In 480 BC (the 15th year of Lu Aigong), Confucius heard that there was a coup in Weiguo, and he had a premonition that Lutz's life was in danger. Luz was killed. Confucius was very sad.
73 years old: In April 479 BC (16th year of Lu Aigong), Confucius fell ill and died. Buried in Lucheng North. Lu Aigong said, "If heaven doesn't hang up, I won't leave an old man, leaving me alone in the throne, and the rest feel sorry. Alas! Father! No self-discipline. " Many disciples kept the tomb for three years, and Zigong kept the tomb for six years. Hundreds of disciples and Lu people came home from the ancient tomb and named them. Confucius' former residence was changed into a temple, and Confucius was worshipped by people. Unofficial history recorded that Zeng, Gong Xihua sat down. Webber came in and danced with Webber. All men and women are blind! A son who knows propriety and music is once a gentleman. Mo couldn't hold back and said, "Why can't you stop?" Weber said, "If you go in through the window, I can stop there!" " The child did it, Webber touched it, and the child died.
Poetry and works
Selected poems of Confucius
Go sledding
A woman's mouth can run away. A woman's admiration will be defeated by death. It is easy to live, but it is time to die.
Zhege
Ten miles outside the mountain, the sound of flies is still in my ears.
Guishancao
Give your desire to Lu, and Kameyama will be built. What can you do if you don't have an axe in your hand?
Note: "Cao Qin": "Ji Gai-lu was delighted by his daughters, and Confucius wanted to remonstrate, so he retired and looked to Lu Guishan to compose songs." Cao Qin is a collection of guqin music, which was circulated as Cai Yong Collection in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Disc operation
Fish when you are exhausted, and dragons don't swim. Cover the nest and destroy the eggs, and the phoenix will not stay. Grief rushed to my heart and restored my interest.
Note: See Cao Qin.
He edited poetry books, defined rites and music, prefaced Zhouyi and wrote Chunqiu.
(The Analects of Confucius was collected by Confucius' disciples. )
Anecdotes of characters
Confucius saluted
Legend has it that Confucius was young and polite. One autumn, dark clouds rolled, the cold wind roared, and fallen leaves floated down from the trees and danced with the wind. At this moment, young Kong Qiu is absorbed in reading under the window. Because the weather is too cold, he wears thin clothes and rubs his hands from time to time. The mother sitting by said sadly, "son." Take a break! "
"good!" Confucius promised to stand up, picked up the peas on the table (the utensils used to salute at that time) and quietly walked out of the house.
Mother quickly said, "son, it's windy outside, so cold." It will rain. Don't play in the yard. "
Kong Qiu deadpan replied: "No, Mom, I am offering sacrifices to God and giving gifts!" "
"What are you doing as a gift?" Mother asked him.
"If I don't learn good manners now, I won't know how to behave when I grow up."
Mother was speechless with surprise at Kong Qiu's words.
In an era of ritual collapse and music collapse, Kong Qiu's behavior is really extraordinary.
Comment on The Salvation of Slaves
At that time, during the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a rule in the State of Lu that anyone who traveled abroad and saw a person from the State of Lu being sold as a slave in a foreign country could spend money to redeem it, and after returning to the State of Lu, he would be reimbursed by the State Treasury, which would pay for it accordingly. Confucius had a student who really saw a Lu being sold abroad as a slave and redeemed him. After the redemption, he didn't go to the national treasury for reimbursement, and others said that this person was noble in character. When Confucius knew this, he cursed the students and said that they had done something wrong. Others were surprised. Isn't it a good thing to do a good deed and the redeemer doesn't pay the bill? Is it noble? Confucius said, we can't look at the problem like this. His practice actually prevented more slaves from being redeemed from the people of Lu. The man didn't pay the bill when he came back. In the future, when others see the Nulu, they want to redeem him, thinking that I will pay the bill after I redeem him. Others will retort: In the past, some people didn't pay the bill, but you paid the bill, and their character was not as good as him. In this way, this person may pretend not to see it and not to redeem the person. So this practice will prevent more slaves from being redeemed by others, which is harmful.
Comments on saving people from drowning
There is another story: a man fell into the water. One of Confucius' students jumped into the water and saved him. His family thanked him and gave him a cow, so he took it. Others argue: Do you need money to go into the water to save people? Confucius knew this and praised the student, saying that the student did the right thing and would save more people from drowning. Because people can accept money after saving people, if someone falls into the water again, someone will be willing to save them. So it depends on the objective effect.
Confucius learned the piano.
Confucius was very modest and worked hard in his studies. On one occasion, Confucius learned the drum set from Shi Xiangzi. The name of this song is Cao. Confucius practiced hard for many days, and Shi Xiangzi said "OK". Confucius said, "I have mastered the playing method of this piece of music, but I haven't counted it yet." After practicing for many days, Shi Xiangzi said, "Yes, you counted on it." Confucius still said, "No, you didn't achieve your goal." After a long time, Shi Xiangzi thought it was really ok this time, but Confucius still thought that he didn't play this piece well, so he studied it repeatedly and realized the connotation of piano music until he saw the image of King Wen expressed in the music. His spirit deeply touched Shi Xiangzi. Until now, Confucius' famous saying "Never tire of learning, never tire of teaching" is still our motto.
Famous quotations
Unjust wealth is like a cloud to me.
It is not enough to discuss those who are ambitious and ashamed of poor food and clothing.
If you don't learn manners, you can't stand it
Among any three people who walk, I will definitely find something to learn. Their advantages are to be imitated, and their disadvantages are to be avoided.
A person's real knowledge lies in knowing what he knows and what he doesn't know.
He is quick-thinking and eager for knowledge, and he is never shy to ask his subordinates for advice.
Don't seek summer, don't mess with China, don't join the League, and don't force soldiers.
Be cautious in the end, pursue the distance, and be virtuous.
Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous.
A small oversight can lead to great disaster.
A man can't win his ambition.
People with different courses cannot make plans for each other.
Don't do unto others what you don't want done unto you.
Hyun-jae, come back! A spoonful of food, a spoonful of drink, in a mean alley, it is unbearable to see. I won't change my fun back. Hyun-jae, come back!
Being rich and expensive is what people want; If you don't take this road, you will accomplish nothing. Poverty and meanness are disgusting to people; If you don't take the main road, you won't go.
People with lofty ideals are benevolent, there is no harm in saving, and there is benevolence in death.
A gentleman is harmonious but different, and a villain is not harmonious.
Confucius said, "Clever words make the color so fresh."
Confucius said: "A gentleman does not want to eat enough, he is prepared for danger in times of peace and is sensitive to things, but he is cautious, honest and clean, which can be said to be studious."
Confucius said, "If you don't suffer from people's ignorance, you don't know people."
Confucius said, "There are 300 poems. In a word, it says' thinking naively'. "
Confucius said, "Five out of ten, I am determined to learn; I am thirty years old; Forty without confusion; At the age of fifty, I knew my destiny; I am obedient at the age of sixty; I am still obedient at the age of seventy; I didn't cross the line. "
Confucius said, "Reviewing the past and learning the new can be a teacher."
Confucius said, "The week of gentlemen is incomparable, and the week of villains is incomparable."
Confucius said, "Guanju" is a novel that is happy but not lewd, sad but not hurt. "
Confucius said, "If you don't say what you do, if you don't remonstrate, let bygones be bygones."
Confucius said, "Listen in the morning and die at night."
Confucius said, "A gentleman is righteous, but a villain is profitable."
Confucius said, "If you don't do it, you will be introspective."
Confucius said, "Rotten wood can't be carved, nor can the wall of dung be carved. What is the punishment? "
Ji Wenzi thinks twice before you act. Hearing this, Zi said, "Here we go again, not bad."
Confucius said: "Ning my son, if the country has a way, it will be wise;" If it has no way, it will be stupid. Its wisdom can be reached, but it is stupid. "
Confucius said, "Quality is better than literature, and literature is better than quality. Gentleness is a gentleman. "
Confucius said, "Knowing is not as good as being kind, and being kind is not as good as being happy." Confucius said, "If you know it, you will be happy, and if you are happy, you will be happy."
Confucius said, "Wise people enjoy water, while benevolent people enjoy Leshan; Wise people move, benevolent people are quiet; Wise people are happy, and benevolent people live. " Confucius said: "Wise people like water, while benevolent people like mountains;" Smart people are active, kind people are quiet; Wise people are happy, and kind people live long. "
Lord Ye asked Confucius about Luz, but Luz was wrong. Confucius said, "Don't say: He is a human being who forgets to eat when he is angry, but forgets to worry when he is happy. I wonder if he is old enough? "
Zi teaches four things: literature, conduct, loyalty and faith.
Confucius said, "an upright man is open and poised, I am worried." Confucius said, "A gentleman is broad-minded, but a villain is pathetic."
Confucius said, "If you are not in your position, you will not seek politics."
Confucius said, "The afterlife is awesome. How do you know that the newcomer is not now? "
Confucius said, "The three armed forces can win the position of commander in chief, but ordinary men can't win the ambition."
Confucius said, "The wise are not confused, the benevolent are not worried, and the brave are not afraid."
Confucius said, "Cold tells the decline of pine and cypress."
Confucius said, "The beauty of a gentleman as an adult is not the evil of an adult. The villain is the opposite. "
Yan Yuan asked Ren. Confucius said, "Self-denial and courtesy are benevolence. A day of self-denial and self-denial, the world will return to benevolence. For benevolence, for yourself, for people? " Yan Yuan said, "What's the purpose?" Confucius said, "see no evil, don't listen to evil, don't say evil, and don't move if you are evil." Yan Yuan said, "Although I am not sensitive, please talk to me!"
It passed like this, day and night!