Selected essays on ideological and political papers in colleges and universities: putting ideal and belief education in the first place in ideological construction
Examining the Party's ideological construction from the perspective of party constitution's historical evolution, the conclusion is that attaching great importance to the education of ideals and beliefs and ideological party building is a party building thought with China characteristics formed in the practice of long-term revolutionary struggle and socialist modernization, and it is the theory of Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and & ldquo Theory of Three Represents. The essence of important thoughts. Under the new historical conditions, we should pay special attention to and constantly strengthen the education of ideals and beliefs of young and middle-aged cadres in party member.
Keywords: Party building; Ideological construction; Ideal faith
Comrade Deng Xiaoping has long said:&; Ldquo China is going to have a problem, or is it * * * within the production party &; rdquo[ 1]。 One of the fundamental reasons for the great political changes of the * * * production party in the Soviet Union is that the ideals and beliefs of party member cadres have gone wrong. Throughout the 90-year glorious history of China * * Production Party, our Party has always attached great importance to the ideological education of party member cadres, put ideological construction in the first place in Party building, and persisted in educating the whole Party with Marxist world outlook, values, outlook on life and socialist ideals and beliefs.
Under the new historical conditions, the education of ideals and beliefs requires party member cadres to be firm believers in Socialism with Chinese characteristics's ideals, loyal practitioners in Scientific Outlook on Development, conscious practitioners of the socialist concept of honor and disgrace, and active promoters of social harmony.
By combing and studying party constitution, this paper summarizes the experience and lessons of our party in ideological construction, especially in the education of ideals and beliefs, and provides historical reference for strengthening the party's ideological construction under the new situation.
1. party constitution during the democratic revolution: Educating the whole party with lofty revolutionary ideals.
192 1 The Program of Productive Political Parties in China, adopted at the first Party Congress, explicitly requires all party member to identify with the Party's program and policies, be loyal to the Party, and sever ties with all parties that run counter to the Party's program [2]. This shows that a major political program has a high degree of principle and distinct militancy, embodies some important principles of Lenin's theory of party building, and has no opportunism. It was very valuable to be able to do this at that time.
1922, the party's second big discussion passed the first official party constitution of China * * * production party. The central content of the second party constitution is to strengthen organizational construction and establish strict organizational discipline, especially requiring party member cadres to abide by the party's political discipline [3]. The Second National Congress also adopted the resolution of Constitution of the Communist Party of China, which clearly expounded the nature of the Party's proletarian vanguard and the Party's anti-imperialist and anti-feudal democratic revolutionary program, further enriching and expanding the content of party constitution, which is of great political significance. The party constitution Peace Resolution of the Second National Congress has played a positive role in improving inner-party life, guiding party member's political words and deeds, promoting the development and consolidation of the Party's organization, and improving the Party's combat effectiveness. The lofty revolutionary ideal, strict organizational system and strict political discipline are the basic characteristics of a Marxist political party.
1923 The Third National Congress and the Fourth National Congress held in June 1925 10 adopted two revised Party Articles of Association. The Third National Congress of the Communist Party of China also formulated the Organic Law of the Executive Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the Fourth National Congress of the Communist Party of China formulated resolutions on organizational issues. After the Third and Fourth National Congress, under the leadership of the Party, the climax of the China Revolution and the great victory of the Northern Expedition were soon ushered in. The party has made rapid progress in organization, from 50 in the early days of the founding of the Party to more than 190 in the Second National Congress, more than 400 in the Third National Congress, 994 in the Fourth National Congress, and 57,927 in the Fifth National Congress.
1927 The Fifth National Congress of April was held at the critical moment of the Great Revolution, and the party constitution was not formulated during the meeting. According to the principles and specific requirements set forth in the Resolution on Organizational Issues adopted at this meeting, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee adopted the Resolution on the Third Revision of the Articles of Association of the China * * * Production Party on June 1927. The revised Articles of Association * * * consists of 85 articles in chapter 12, which is similar in structure to the Seven party constitution, and is a relatively complete party constitution [4]. After the failure of the Great Revolution, thousands of * * * producers were killed, but most of them were fearless, righteous and bleeding, never betrayed their own * * * production beliefs, never betrayed organizational secrets and revolutionary comrades, and showed firm ideals and beliefs and unyielding will, which even people of insight in the Kuomintang camp lamented. The heroic deeds of these revolutionary martyrs still inspire and inspire contemporary China producers and become the precious spiritual wealth of our party. Those surviving producers were not intimidated by the massacre policy of the Kuomintang reactionaries, but continued to hold high the banner of * * * productism and fought bravely one after another, creating the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants and a large number of rural base areas, which set off a new climax of the agrarian revolution. In the later revolutionary struggle, most of the producers who participated in the revolution during this period became the backbone of our party and leading cadres at all levels. These are enough to prove that the party constitution formulated by our Party is basically correct from the first to the fifth National Congress, and the education of ideals and beliefs of party member cadres by Party organizations at all levels based on party constitution is also fruitful.
1928 From June to July, the Sixth National Congress was held in Moscow. Due to the special historical environment, there are some serious defects in the Six party constitution. In fact, some major problems that have not been solved at the Sixth National Congress have been gradually solved by the producers in China, represented by Mao Zedong, in the practice of establishing the Red Army of Workers and Peasants and the rural base areas. 1929 The Ninth Congress of the Red Fourth Army held in February passed the resolution of Gutian Conference, proposing to educate party member with proletarian ideology, overcome all kinds of erroneous ideas within the Party through ideological education, and put ideological construction in the first place. The "Resolution" requires that the branch should be established in the company to strengthen the party's absolute leadership over the army. The main task of Party committees and grass-roots Party branches at all levels is to strengthen the education of ideals and beliefs of cadres in party member, and constantly overcome the serious consciousness of small farmers, petty bourgeoisie, feudalism, bandits and warlords. This is an important symbol of the formation of Mao Zedong's party building thought. [5]
1945 from April to June, the party held its seventh national congress in Yan' an. Compared with the six party constitution, the seven party constitution has the following three characteristics:
1. Seven party constitution added a general outline. In the General Program of the Seventh party constitution, it was clearly pointed out that Marxism–Leninism's universal truth is the crystallization of the combination of collective wisdom and China's revolutionary practice. Mdash& ampmdash; Mao Zedong Thought is the product of Marxism in China and the guiding ideology of our party. He called on the whole party to study Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, constantly improve the theoretical level and ideological level, and overcome all kinds of non-proletarian thoughts. This is the most distinctive political feature of the Seven party constitution.
2. The Seventh party constitution Congress has a high sense of independent innovation, which fully embodies the ideological line of emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts and pursuing truth of our Party. The Seven party constitution's are completely divorced from the influence of Soviet party constitution in form and content, and have distinctive China characteristics.
3. The Seventh party constitution fully absorbed the advantages of the First to Sixth party constitution (including the resolutions of Gutian Conference) and emphasized the ideological party building. Ldquo Shaoqi pointed out in his report on the revision of party constitution: The most important issue in the construction of our Party is ideological construction, which is based on Marxism-Leninism. Mdash& ampmdash; The problem of educating and reforming party member with proletarian scientific ideas, especially the petty-bourgeois revolutionaries, is to oppose and overcome all kinds of non-proletarian ideas within the Party. & amprdquo& ampldquo Therefore, all people who join the Party, especially the petty-bourgeois revolutionaries, must seriously study Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought. Before and after joining the party, we should study and carry out ideological transformation. They must abandon their original class position, stand on the standpoint of the proletariat and overcome their subjectivism, individualism and sectarianism. Without this change, party member will not be good. This transformation is often a long-term hard work and painful process, and it is a particularly important issue and feature in the construction of our party. & amprdquo[6] From Comrade Liu Shaoqi's speech, we can feel very strongly that the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China revised party constitution's important guiding ideology, that is, it put special emphasis on the party's ideological construction, armed the whole party with Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought education, resisted and overcame all kinds of non-proletarian thoughts, and made party member truly establish firm proletarian ideals and beliefs. This thought of party building has far-reaching influence.
Second, party constitution from the founding of the People's Republic to the reform and opening up: the arduous exploration of the ideological construction of the ruling party.
(1) The Eighth party constitution: Vigorously strengthen the ideological construction of the ruling party.
1956 In September, the Eighth National Congress was held in Beijing. The main innovations of the Eighth National Congress of party constitution in ideological construction are as follows: First, pay more attention to party member's education of ideals and beliefs, and emphatically ask party member cadres to overcome subjectivism, bureaucratic style and growing complacency, put the interests of the country and the people above personal interests, and strive to avoid the danger of being divorced from the masses. In revising party constitution's report, Deng Xiaoping demanded &; The mass line education of ldquo Party must be paid attention to in the Party's education system, party member's educational materials and Party newspapers and periodicals. & rdquo [7] This fully embodies the ruling consciousness of our party. Second, it is clearly pointed out that party member standards should be raised. Deng Xiaoping has a wonderful exposition on this:&; The victory of the party's cause, the strengthening of the party's responsibility to the people and the improvement of the party's prestige among the people all require the party to set higher standards for party member. Moreover, if a person is determined to join our party in the past, it often shows that he is determined to fight for the interests of the masses and the highest ideal of mankind at the risk of losing his freedom and life; Nowadays, it is easy for people like this to join the party in order to gain fame and status. After joining the party, it does not support the interests of the masses, but hinders the interests of the masses. Such people are indeed very few in our party, but we can't ignore this fact. Improving the quality of party member is one of the important political tasks of the Party. & amprdquo[8] This shows that our party has begun to think about how to strengthen the party's ideological construction from the standpoint of the ruling party, and how to strengthen the education of ideals and beliefs of party member cadres, so as to ensure the party's ideological and political advancement.
(2) The Ninth and Tenth party constitution: The Party's ideological construction has been seriously chaotic.
The Ninth National Congress was held in the climax of ""(1September, 969). The Ninth National Congress of party constitution has only 12, and its written expression is extremely simple, emphasizing & ldquo's theory of continuing revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat &; Rdquo and the & ldquo proletariat. Emphasize. Take class struggle as the key link &; rdquo。 Party constitution made a wrong and unscientific exposition on the nature and guiding ideology of the Party (especially Mao Zedong Thought).
8 1973, Ten Universities Held in Beijing. The top ten party constitution kept the original appearance of the nine party constitution in terms of content and structure, except for making necessary modifications to the written expressions concerning Lin Biao. As Deng Xiaoping later said:&; Ldquo party constitution, the ninth and tenth largest city, is actually not as good as party constitution. What rights and obligations does party member have? What exactly is * * * party member? What if it doesn't meet the requirements? There is no regulation and it needs to be revised. & amprdquo[9]
Generally speaking, in&; The two party congresses held during "ldquo”& amprdquo and the party constitution formulated by them were held at that time &; Ldquo takes class struggle as the key link &; Under the guidance of the wrong route, rdquo completely deviated from the correct party building thought that Mao Zedong insisted on for decades. This will inevitably lead to great ideological confusion and&; The political fanaticism of ldquo Zuo rdquo has seriously weakened the education of Marxist-Leninist ideology and theory and the education of socialist ideals and beliefs in party member cadres' scientific system, and the lesson is painful.
(C) Part XI party constitution: Progress and Wandering in Ideological Construction
1977 The 11th National Congress was held in Beijing in August. In the general program of the Eleventh National Congress, party constitution emphasized that it is necessary to vigorously carry forward the three fine traditions and work styles of the Party, maintain and carry forward the style of modesty, prudence, impatience and hard struggle, and prevent party member, especially the leading cadres of the Party, from taking advantage of their powers to seek privileges and wage a resolute struggle against bourgeois ideology and work style; Emphasize. Communist party member should always obey the interests of the party and the people in his own interests, not afraid of difficulties and sacrifices, actively work to realize the party's program, and strive for the cause of * * * all his life &; rdquo[ 10]。 The article comprehensively stipulates party member's eight obligations, which runs through the basic content of ideal and belief education; 19 also clearly stipulates the basic task of the party's grass-roots organizations & ldquo leads party member and non-party member to seriously study Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, and to educate the ideological and political line, the fine traditions of the party and the basic knowledge of the party & rdquo[ 1 1]. These amendments are undoubtedly positive and correct.
However, in the general program, the Eleventh National Congress continued to follow the erroneous exposition of the ninth and tenth National Congresses on the nature and guiding ideology of the Party, especially on Mao Zedong Thought. Party constitution's theory of continuing revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat, the nature of the proletariat and & ldquo There will be many political revolutions of this nature in the future &; Rdquo's misrepresentation of …; It continues to follow the erroneous exposition of the Party's basic line in the historical stage of socialism made by party constitution at the Ninth and Tenth National Congress, which is wrong again.
The 11th National Congress was held after Chairman Mao died and was shattered. Ldquo_ & amprdquo: A Party Congress held in the special historical background in the future. Because the leadership of the party has not set things right in guiding ideology, it was impossible to change from "&; It is even more impossible for ldquo to systematically correct the line, principles and policies of the ninth and tenth major mistakes. Therefore, the eleventh party constitution has both positive and negative aspects; There are both right and wrong; It not only embodies a spirit of striving for progress, stability and unity, but also reveals that right & ldquo takes class struggle as the key link &; The superstition and stubbornness of rdquo's political line.
Third, the new party constitution after the reform and opening up: deepening the understanding of the law of the party's ideological construction.
(1) The 12th party constitution: the cornerstone of the new party constitution in the period of reform and opening up.
The 12th National Congress was held in Beijing on September 1982. Party constitution's major innovations in strengthening ideological construction at the Twelfth National Congress are as follows: First, on the basis of the historical experience of the Seventh and Eighth National Congresses in party constitution, combined with the new situation and new characteristics of party building in the new period, the party's nature, highest ideals, goals, guiding ideology, main tasks, lines, principles and policies at the present stage were systematically and scientifically expounded, and the three basic requirements for strengthening party building under the new historical conditions were formed; Second, party member is required to be stricter ideologically, politically and organizationally, and the expression of party member's eight obligations and eight rights is more rigorous and scientific; Third, the special train &; Ldquo Party cadres &; The first chapter of rdquo clearly puts forward six basic conditions for cadres.
Party constitution at the 12th National Congress put forward three basic requirements for strengthening Party building, which is an important conclusion drawn by our Party after summing up historical experience and lessons. The second requirement is to serve the people wholeheartedly. Its main contents are: China producers should always work for the interests of the working class and the broadest masses of the people, formulate and implement lines, principles and policies that can reflect the interests of the people, and party member cadres should adhere to the mass line in their work. The history of the founding of New China for more than 30 years has repeatedly proved that bureaucracy, formalism, privilege, corruption and separation from the masses are the greatest dangers of the ruling party. Therefore, under the historical conditions of reform and opening up, we must educate the whole party to adhere to the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly.
(2) The 13th National Congress proposed the party constitution Amendment 10.
The 13th National Congress was held in Beijing. The 13th National Congress did not formulate a new party constitution, nor did it revise party constitution's report. Only the 12th party constitution Amendment 10 is proposed, which involves the 12th party constitution Amendment 10, adding or deleting 13. The political report of the 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that the Party should stand the test of governance and reform and opening up. It is pointed out that party building should take a new road that mainly depends on reform and system construction rather than revolution. These new formulations and theories actually enrich and develop the content of party constitution's general program. [ 12]
(3) The 14th National Congress of party constitution: party constitution's general program was greatly revised, which enriched and developed the content of ideological construction.
The 14th Party Congress was held in Beijing. Party constitution's outstanding contributions to ideological construction at the 14th National Congress: First, he systematically summarized Deng Xiaoping's theory of building a Socialism with Chinese characteristics, fully affirmed the important position of this theory in the history of ideological and theoretical development combining Marxism–Leninism with China's reality, and raised this theory to the guiding ideology of the Party. The second is to formally write the Party's basic line in the primary stage of socialism into party constitution, indicating that this is the basic line that the Party must adhere to for a long time under the conditions of reform, opening up and socialist market economy. Thirdly, taking the establishment of a perfect socialist market economic system as the general goal of China's economic system reform, this paper systematically expounds the basic economic system of China's primary stage of socialism for the first time. The socialist market economy is a brand-new political proposition, and it is also a major ideological change for the whole party, which played a great role in emancipating the mind at that time. Fourth, the basic requirements of party building in the new period have been greatly revised.
(IV) The 15th National Congress of party constitution: Deng Xiaoping Theory was established as the Party's guiding ideology.
1997 the 15th national congress of communist party, China was held in Beijing in September. The most important contribution of party constitution at the 15th National Congress is to formally establish Deng Xiaoping Theory as the party's guiding ideology. The political report of the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that in the historical process of Marxism–Leninism's China, there were two historic leaps and two theoretical achievements &; Mdash& ampmdash Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory. Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory are a unified scientific system. Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping are examples of combining Marxism-Leninism with China to create new theories and China Marxism. It is a scientific conclusion drawn by our party after nearly 20 years of successful practice of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, and it is the sublimation of our party's ideological understanding. In the process of drafting party constitution at the 15th National Congress, Jiang Zemin pointed out: The flag issue is very important. The flag is the direction, and the flag is the image. By adhering to the line since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, we mean holding high the banner of building Deng Xiaoping with Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theory. After the death of Deng Xiaoping, our whole party, especially senior leading cadres, should have a high degree of consciousness and firmness on this issue. No matter what difficulties or risks you encounter, you will not waver. & ldquo [13] In the report of the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Jiang Zemin clearly pointed out: the soul of this congress is to hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory. The 15th National Congress will undoubtedly go down in history as a symbol. & amprdquo Now, Deng Xiaoping Theory has become an important ideological weapon for educating cadres and young students in party member.
(V) party constitution at the 16th National Congress: another improvement of the Party's nature and guiding ideology.
The 16th Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was held in June 2002. The most striking revision of party constitution at the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is the revision of the first paragraph of the general program (about the nature, highest ideal and ultimate goal of the Party). Secondly, the Party's guiding ideology has been supplemented and perfected, and&; Ldquo Theory of Three Represents theory. The important thought was formally established as the party's guiding ideology and discussed in a separate paragraph [15]. & ampldquo Theory of Three Represents Theory. Theory of Three Represents is another great innovation of Marxist theory by the third generation leading collective of the CPC Central Committee with Jiang Zemin at the core, and his ideological connotation is extremely rich. Deng Xiaoping Theory mainly answered &; Ldquo What is socialism and how to build it&; Rdquo is a major proposition,&; Ldquo Theory of Three Represents theory. Important thought answered &; What kind of party should ldquo build and how to build it&; Rdquo has further deepened the Party's understanding of the law of self-construction. Writing this important thought into party constitution is conducive to unifying the thinking of the whole party, strengthening the unity of the party and strengthening the education of ideals and beliefs.
(VI) party constitution at the 17th National Congress: Summing up historical experience and vigorously advocating the education of ideals and beliefs.
The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Beijing in June 2007. The main highlights of party constitution's revision at the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China are as follows: First, Scientific Outlook on Development was added to the seventh paragraph of the general program, and it was clearly pointed out that ldquo Scientific Outlook on Development is a scientific theory that keeps pace with the times in line with Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents. It is an important guiding principle for China's economic and social development and a major strategic thought that must be adhered to and implemented in the development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. & rdquo [16] This is another enrichment and perfection of the Party's guiding ideology. Second, in the eighth paragraph of the general program, we added &; The fundamental reason why we have made all the achievements and progress since ldquo's reform and opening up can be summarized as follows: Socialism with Chinese characteristics Road was opened up and Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theory system was formed. All comrades in the Party should cherish, adhere to and constantly develop this road and this theoretical system that the Party has worked hard to create. This passage of rdquo[ 17] is a basic political conclusion drawn from the historical experience of 29 years of reform and opening up, which clearly answers & ldquo; s flag and road &; The question of rdquo responds to all kinds of ideological doubts existing in the party. The third is around Socialism with Chinese characteristics &; Ldquo four in one&; 14 and 17 have been added to the general outline of rdquo, and 15 and 16 have been greatly modified. In the section of advanced culture construction, it is clearly put forward that &; Ldquo sets up Socialism with Chinese characteristics's ideal of unity, carries forward the national spirit with patriotism as the core and the spirit of the times with reform and innovation as the core, advocates the socialist concept of honor and disgrace, strengthens national self-esteem, self-confidence and self-improvement, resists the erosion of decadent ideas of capitalism and feudalism, sweeps away all kinds of social ugly phenomena, and strives to make our people become people with ideals, discipline, morality and culture & an important proposition of RDQUO. Put forward at & time & Ldquo We should also educate party member on the lofty ideals of capitalism. & rdquo [18] Fourth, in party constitution, Article 3 (Obligations of party member) is added &; Ldquo studies Scientific Outlook on Development &; Rdquo and & ldquo take the lead in practicing the socialist concept of honor and disgrace &; The content of rdquo. In party constitution, article 34 (Basic requirements for leading cadres &; Ldquo takes the lead in implementing Scientific Outlook on Development &; Rdquo and & ldquo have established a correct view of political achievements and made achievements that can stand the test of practice, people and history. & amprdquo's discussion of ... [19] This is actually a higher ideological and moral standard and performance standard for party member cadres.
In a word, from the 12th to 17th National Congress, the articles of association of China's * * * production party experienced a&; Ldquo golden development period &; rdquo。 This is the period in the history of the Party in which party constitution has the most stable structure, the most sound system and the most active theoretical innovation. On the basis of the basic stability of the framework structure laid by the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, party constitution has been revised repeatedly by five party congresses, and now it is improving day by day, playing an increasingly important role in the ideological construction of the Party.
References:
[1] Central Literature Editorial Committee. Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping (Volume III) [M]. Beijing: People's Publishing House, 1993: 380.
[2] [3] [4] [6] [7] [8] [10] [1] Museum of Chinese Revolution. Compilation of Articles of Association of Producers in China [Z]. Beijing: People's Publishing House, 1979:2. 8; 22; 33; 74; 177; 193.
Yao Huan Fan Ping. Study on the Articles of Association of China Producers' Party * * [M]. Beijing: Central Party School Press,1993: 20; 36.
[9] Central Literature Editorial Committee. Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping Volume II (1975- 1982)[M]. Beijing: Central Literature Publishing House, 1997:233.
[13][ 14] Study on the National Congress of the * * * Production Party in Li Junru, China [M]. Beijing: Oriental Publishing Center, 2007: 353; 353.
[15][ 16] Central Literature Editorial Committee. China * * * the articles of association of the party [Z]. Beijing: People's Publishing House, 2002: 5; 6; .
[17] [18] [19] Central Literature Editorial Committee. Articles of Association of China * * * Producer [Z]. Beijing: China Founder Publishing House, 2007: 6; 14; 57-58.
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