Time: use a every year instead of y, yr; Week, week (unsigned), without wk; Month (unsigned), no maintenance object; Daily d, not day; Use h for hours, not HR; Minute is min, not m; Seconds are expressed in s, not sec.
Solution concentration: expressed in mol/L. Units such as m (molar concentration) and n (equivalent concentration) are not allowed. one hundred
Sub-concentration: be sure to indicate whether it is a weight percentage concentration or a volume percentage concentration.
Area: hm2 per hectare, not ha, mu, mu, and the conversion coefficient is 1hm2 = 15mu.
Rotational speed: r/min, not rpm, × g.
Steam pressure: expressed in Pa or kPa or MPa, excluding atmospheric pressure, kg/ m2 or kg/cm2, etc. light
Density: expressed in OD (italics).
Molecular weight of biological macromolecules: protein is represented by U or ku, and nucleic acid is represented by bp or kb. GB 77 13-87 stipulates that scientific and technological reports, dissertations and academic papers should be accompanied by abstracts in foreign languages (mostly English) for international communication. Phrases are the main forms of English titles, especially noun phrases, that is, titles are basically composed of 1 nouns and their prepositional and/or postpositional attributes. Content words are capitalized with the first letter, and function words are lowercase (there are also function words with four or more letters capitalized). Generally speaking, English abstracts should be translated from Chinese abstracts, so as long as the translation of Chinese abstracts is concise and accurate, the number of words is usually 150- 180. The use of English abstract tenses is also better to be concise. The present tense and past tense are often used, the present perfect tense and past perfect tense are seldom used, and the continuous tense and other compound tenses are hardly used. Which kind of voice should be adopted should not only consider the abstract characteristics, but also meet the needs of expression. An abstract is very short, so don't mix it up casually, let alone put it in one sentence. You should start with simple passive voice or prototype verbs.
English abstract
Avoid some common mistakes in writing: 1) articles. The main reason is that the definite article The is easily omitted. Used to express the whole group, classification, time, unique things other than place names, words with the highest research level, etc. It is easy to master, especially when it is often omitted. There is a principle here, that is, when we use the, the listener or reader knows exactly what we mean; 2) Numbers. Avoid using Arabic numerals as the first word; 3) Simple plural. The singular and plural forms of some nouns are difficult to identify, which leads to errors in predicate forms; 4) Try to use short sentences, because long sentences are easy to cause semantic ambiguity; But avoid monotony and repetition.
key word
Key words are the literature retrieval marks of scientific papers, and they are natural language vocabulary to express the concept of literature theme. The key words of scientific papers are selected from the title, hierarchical title and text of the paper, which can reflect the theme of the paper. Academic circles have agreed to use subject concept words to retrieve the latest published papers. If the author's published papers have no keywords or descriptions, readers will not be able to retrieve them, and such articles will not be included in the literature database. Whether the keywords are properly selected is related to the probability of this article being retrieved and the utilization rate of the results. B77 13-87 stipulates that 3-8 words should be selected as keywords for each report and paper. The so-called indexing refers to the process of subject analysis of documents and some features with retrieval significance (research objects, processing methods and experimental equipment, etc.). ), and use retrieval tools such as subject words to give the subject retrieval identification. The purpose of literary theme analysis is to analyze the basic elements of literary theme from complicated documents or problems, so as to accurately mark the required narrative discourse. Index is the premise of retrieval. Without the correct index, there is no correct retrieval. Scientific papers should index keywords according to the indexing method of descriptors, and standardize free words into descriptors as much as possible.
Brief introduction of positive and italic format in scientific papers
This print has made the following provisions for the positive and italic format in the text:
Scientific name of 1. species: the genus and species of the strain are indicated in Latin italics; The initials are capitalized and the rest are lowercase; Latin orthography of genus and above; Viruses are all normal, and the first letter is capitalized.
2. Restriction endonuclease: The first three letters of the endonuclease are italicized, and the following letters are arranged in parallel with the coding body. Such as BamHI, Hindⅲⅲ, PstI, Sau3AI, etc.
3. Abbreviations of amino acids and bases: when the abbreviation of amino acids is expressed by three letters, only the first letter is capitalized and the rest are lowercase, all of which are positive numbers; When represented by a single letter, it is capitalized. Basic abbreviations are all capitalized.
4. Plasmids and vectors: Plasmids are all positive, with the initial letter P lowercase, followed by letters and numbers juxtaposed, such as pBR322, pGBKT-ipaB, etc.