1. Concise: generally no more than 20 words.
2. The title is proportionate, accurate and distinctive: the title reflects the content and the content explains the title.
3. Focus, clear theme: highlight the theme of the paper, be highly summarized and be clear at a glance. If it is not enough to summarize the content of the paper, you can add a subtitle (dash, bracket or sequence code).
Signature of the author (author)
1. The meaning of the author's signature
(1) Clarify the responsibility of the paper: write at your own risk.
(2) Obtaining due honor: recorded in the history of scientific and technological development.
(3) The need of literature retrieval: author retrieval.
(4) Clear copyright: personal rights and property rights.
2. The principle of author's signature
Signature individual authors are limited to those who choose research topics and make research plans, directly participate in all or major research work and make contributions, participate in writing papers and are responsible for the content. (GB77 13-87 "Compilation Format of Scientific and Technological Reports, Dissertations and Academic Papers")
3. The requirement of the author's signature
(1) is divided into collective signature and individual signature.
(2) The first author should be the creator, designer, executor and author of the paper.
(3) When many people co-write, the Lord comes first and the second comes last; When multiple units are jointly written, footnotes should be marked.
(4) The number of authors is not easy to be too large, generally no more than 6.
(5) Guidance, cooperation and reviewers can be included in the thanks.
Abstraction (abstraction)
Content and format of 1. abstract
Universal format:
(1) Purpose: To explain the problem to be solved in this paper and its origin.
(2) Methods: Explain the research time, the number of participants and the main research methods.
(3) Results: Explain the main results of the research content, including data and statistical test results.
(4) Conclusion: Explain the main conclusion.
Other formats
(1) Purpose (purpose, purpose and background): The problem to be solved in this paper and its origin, origin and research background.
(2) Design: the basic research and design of the paper.
(3) Setting: research location, unit and grade.
(4) Research object: research time, number of participants and main research methods.
(5) Intervention: the processing method of the paper.
(6) Measures: main test items of evaluation results.
(7) Results: explain the main results and data in the research content.
(8) Conclusion: Explain the main conclusions, including direct application.
2. Writing requirements of abstract
(1) Write continuously, without paragraphs, without subtitles or examples.
(2) Format standardization.
(3) Short and complete, generally accounting for about 10% of the full text.
(4) Written materials, without charts, tables and chemical structural formulas.
(5) English abstracts with basically the same content.
keyword
Keywords are words or phrases that express the essential characteristics of scientific and technological documents and have practical significance.
Subject words are standardized keywords, and keywords are flexible and extensive free languages. At present, both keywords and subject words are used as retrieval languages. Because keywords are natural languages, synonyms, synonyms and polysemous words are not unified, which leads to retrieval errors. So at present, it is mostly selected from the engineering thesaurus (MeSH).
1. keyword format
3-8 words or phrases, written in the blank, without punctuation. Commas can be added between foreign characters, except for proper noun prefixes, the rest are lowercase.
2. Method of selecting keywords
(1) You can choose the most commonly used title from title, abstract and full-text content.
(2) It should be strictly screened to fully, accurately and comprehensively reflect the central content of the article.
(3) Check the thesaurus for confirmation.
Introduction (introduction)
The basic content of 1. Introduction
(1) Briefly describe the reason and purpose of studying this work.
(2) Study the historical background of this work.
(3) Research status and trend of this work at home and abroad.
(4) Emphasize the importance, necessity and research significance of this work.
(5) Explain the time, materials and methods of learning this work appropriately.
2. Introduction writing requirements
(1) Concise: generally 200-500 words, accounting for about1/8-110 of the full text.
(2) Seeking truth from facts and objective evaluation: Don't deliberately belittle predecessors, and don't jump to conclusions.
(3) Less rhetoric: different levels.
(4) Don't be the same as the abstract, and avoid being the same as the text: it doesn't involve results or conclusions.
(5) The words "introduction" are generally not written in the title.
Result (result)
The achievement is the value of the paper and the crystallization of the research results. Draw the conclusion of this paper, trigger discussion, and draw judgments, inferences and suggestions.
1. Contents of the result
(1) data: raw data is not needed, but statistical processing is needed.
(2) Chart: used to show regularity and contrast.
(3) Photographs: can objectively express the research results.
(4) Text: Description of data, charts and photos.
2. Writing requirements of results
(1) According to the factual materials obtained from the experiment, the arrangement can be divided into sections and subtitles can be added.
(2) Explain the objective results without the author's evaluation, analysis and reasoning.
(3) The results should be true and credible, and data or other results that do not conform to subjective assumptions shall not be deleted at will.
(4) Because charts and photos take up a lot of space and can be explained in words, they should be used as little as possible.
Discussion (discussion)
Discussion is an important part of the paper, which is for the author to summarize, summarize and discuss the information obtained in the research, put forward his own opinions and evaluate its significance.